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The use of client files of energy companies Statistical method for monitoring energy consumption The use of client files of energy companies Statistical method for monitoring energy consumption in service sectors and households Hans Pouwelse Statistics Netherlands jpwe@cbs. nl October 24, 2012

Content • • • background use of client files as alternative steps forward results Content • • • background use of client files as alternative steps forward results concluding remarks Statistics Netherlands 1

Background Situation energy statistics in the Netherlands in 2005 Positive: energy production sector and Background Situation energy statistics in the Netherlands in 2005 Positive: energy production sector and manufacturing industries (‘the heavy users’) • solid production process, based on surveys, high response rates, intensive contact with key companies • statistical results of good quality and timeliness • results basis for energy balance sheets Statistics Netherlands 2

Background Situation energy statistics in the Netherlands in 2005 Negative: Other sectors (households, service Background Situation energy statistics in the Netherlands in 2005 Negative: Other sectors (households, service sectors, etc. ) • response rates, quality response and statistical results poor and decreasing • irregular statistical coverage, only once every 3 to 5 years • poor quality external information (households, agriculture) • lack of finance and staff capacity to improve the shortcomings with traditional questionnaires But: • increasing demand Statistics Netherlands 3

Promising alternative ask energy companies for their files with individual client information The idea Promising alternative ask energy companies for their files with individual client information The idea is simple: v Energy companies have all the necessary information they need to send bills to their individual clients, including the supplied amounts of energy - 8 mln electricity connections - 7 mln gas connections v Collecting this individual client information is much more efficient and less costly than asking many individual consumers Statistics Netherlands 4

Advantages v Only a limited number of respondents have to be bothered (general policy Advantages v Only a limited number of respondents have to be bothered (general policy in the Netherlands to minimize the response burden) v Less costly and more efficient v Increasing quality statistical results (An important source of errors can be avoided: energy consumers no longer have to identify their electricity and gas consumption on annual basis from the information they receive from their energy supplier) v Data on energy consumption can be published for each economic activity (NACE-code) and households annually Statistics Netherlands 5

Steps forward (1) Legal obligation v Energy companies will not cooperate on a voluntary Steps forward (1) Legal obligation v Energy companies will not cooperate on a voluntary basis v Legal obligation is necessary v Realised in 2004 as modification of the Dutch statistical law Statistics Netherlands 6

Steps forward (2) which companies: energy suppliers or network operators? v Energy suppliers: - Steps forward (2) which companies: energy suppliers or network operators? v Energy suppliers: - more information (quantities, prices, costs, taxes) - more and varying number of companies - varying number of clients/connections per company (switching allowed) v Network operators: - only quantities electricity and natural gas - only few and stable number of companies (14, all both electricity and gas) - stable number of clients/connections Choice: Network operators Statistics Netherlands 7

Steps forward (3) Identify type of client: house hold or business? and type of Steps forward (3) Identify type of client: house hold or business? and type of business (NACE code)? v Records contain address data v Linking to other data: - home register (7 mln dwellings) - general business register (1 mln records) - other administrative data (register real estate appraisal, Dutch land use register, GIS-techniques and others) v Amount of energy Statistics Netherlands 8

Steps forward (3) Many problems had to be solved: v house number extension (standardisation) Steps forward (3) Many problems had to be solved: v house number extension (standardisation) v district heating, central heating bloc of flats v combined dwellings/business (one connection) v multiple connections per company (establishments) v multiple companies per connection (office building hired by several companies, one connection) v And many others! Statistics Netherlands 9

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Results Households • Regular statistics production electricity and gas consumption since 2008 (information from Results Households • Regular statistics production electricity and gas consumption since 2008 (information from statistical period 2004) • Broken down by region (municipal level) • Broken down by housing types and household characteristics (by matching with microdata home characteristics and household characteristics) • Microdata available for external researchers Statistics Netherlands 16

Gas consumption detached homes 2010 Statistics Netherlands 17 Gas consumption detached homes 2010 Statistics Netherlands 17

Electricity consumption detached homes 2010 Statistics Netherlands 18 Electricity consumption detached homes 2010 Statistics Netherlands 18

0 Statistics Netherlands Bolsward Electricity (k. Wh) Detached Semi-detaced Corner house Rowhouse Apartment Detached 0 Statistics Netherlands Bolsward Electricity (k. Wh) Detached Semi-detaced Corner house Rowhouse Apartment Detached Semi-detached Corner house Rowhouse Apartment 6. 000 5. 000 4. 000 3. 000 2. 000 1. 000 Gas (m 3) Blaricum 19

Natural Gas consumption Building period 1960 -1980 3 500 2 000 (m 3) Gas Natural Gas consumption Building period 1960 -1980 3 500 2 000 (m 3) Gas Consumption 3 000 1 500 Apartment 1 000 Rowhouse Detached Semi-detached Corner house 500 Statistics Netherlands Semi-detached Detached Apartment Other households Single parent household Married couples with children Rowhouse Umarried couples with children Married couples without children Unmarried Couples without children One-person households - Corner house 20

0 Statistics Netherlands Other households Single parent household Married couple with children Unmarried couple 0 Statistics Netherlands Other households Single parent household Married couple with children Unmarried couple with children Married couple without children Unmarried couple without children One-person households electricity (k. Wh) Electricity consumption 6000 5000 4000 Bouwperiode 1960 -1980 3000 2000 1000 detached Semi detached Corner house Row house apartement Row house Corner house Semi- detached apartement 21

Results Service sectors • First results published in May this year (statistical period 2010); Results Service sectors • First results published in May this year (statistical period 2010); 2011 by the end of this year • Separate table, integration into Dutch Energy Balance follows as soon as possible • Break down by region as far as possible (confidentiality) Statistics Netherlands 22

Natural gas and electricity supplies to service sectors 2010 natural gas Sector/branche (SIC 2008) Natural gas and electricity supplies to service sectors 2010 natural gas Sector/branche (SIC 2008) electricity mln m 3 (F Construction) mln k. Wh 199 1 027 1 129 9 139 H Transportation and storage 314 4 816 I Accommodation and food serving 560 2 873 J Information and communication 134 2 526 K Financial institutions 240 2 005 L Renting, buying, selling real estate 324 1 801 M Other specialised business services 277 1 439 N Renting and other business support 120 808 O Public administration and services 565 3 889 P Education 487 1 707 Q Health and social work activities 805 2 727 R Culture, sports and recreation 312 1 529 S Other service activities 281 731 6 20 G Wholesale and retail trade U Extraterritorial organisations © Statistics Netherlands, Den Haag/Heerlen 30 -8 -2012 Statistics Netherlands 23

Electricity consumption in the services sectors (%) Wholesale and retail trade Transportation and storage Electricity consumption in the services sectors (%) Wholesale and retail trade Transportation and storage Public administration and defense Accommodation and food service activities Human health and social work activities Information and communication Financial and insurance activities Real estate activities Other service activities Statistics Netherlands 24

Gas consumption in the services sectors (%) Wholesale and retail trade Human health and Gas consumption in the services sectors (%) Wholesale and retail trade Human health and social work activities Public administration and defense Accommodation and food service activities Education Real estate activities Transportation and storage Arts and recreation Other service activities Statistics Netherlands 25

Concluding remarks • Client files of energy companies have proven to be a very Concluding remarks • Client files of energy companies have proven to be a very good source for making energy statistics! • Generally usable for all economic sectors with only consumtion of electricity and natural gas and no own energy production • Cheaper, more efficient, good quality, with little administrative burden compared to traditional surveys Statistics Netherlands 26