Скачать презентацию The United States Congress Suppose you were an Скачать презентацию The United States Congress Suppose you were an

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The United States Congress Suppose you were an idiot. And suppose you were a The United States Congress Suppose you were an idiot. And suppose you were a member of Congress. But I repeat myself. Mark Twain

The House of Representatives More partisan and unified More loyalty to party More structured The House of Representatives More partisan and unified More loyalty to party More structured and organized Majority rules always Limited debate and amendments

The Senators more powerful individually Less party-oriented and partydependent Looser rules of debate and The Senators more powerful individually Less party-oriented and partydependent Looser rules of debate and amendments Minority can block the majority (the “filibuster”)

Special Rules of the Senate Unlimited debate Bills brought to floor by consent of Special Rules of the Senate Unlimited debate Bills brought to floor by consent of party leaders Filibusters (can be ended by a “cloture vote”, 60 votes) The “hold” put on bills “non-germane” amendments

Structure of the House Chosen from the Majority Party Speaker of the House: John Structure of the House Chosen from the Majority Party Speaker of the House: John Boehner (R - OH) Elected by House members Only Congressional office mentioned by the Constitution Duties: controls debate, approves committee assignments, designates which bills are considered by the House

Structure of the House The Majority Leader Eric Cantor (R – VA) The Majority Structure of the House The Majority Leader Eric Cantor (R – VA) The Majority Whip Kevin Mc. Carthy (R- CA)

Structure of the House The Minority Leader The Minority Whip Nancy Pelosi (D – Structure of the House The Minority Leader The Minority Whip Nancy Pelosi (D – CA) Steny Hoyer (D- MD)

Structure of the Senate President of the Senate: Joseph Biden Duties: presides over the Structure of the Senate President of the Senate: Joseph Biden Duties: presides over the Senate can not vote unless there is a tie rarely present in the Senate

Structure of the Senate The Majority Leader Harry Reid (D – NV) The Majority Structure of the Senate The Majority Leader Harry Reid (D – NV) The Majority Whip Richard Durban ( D - IL)

Structure of the Senate The Minority Leader Mitch Mc. Connell ( R - KY) Structure of the Senate The Minority Leader Mitch Mc. Connell ( R - KY) The Minority Whip Jon Kyl (R – AZ)

The Committees Four Types: Standing (permanent) Joint (for investigations) Select (info gathering) Conference (to The Committees Four Types: Standing (permanent) Joint (for investigations) Select (info gathering) Conference (to reconcile different bills from House and Senate)

Energy and Commerce The Committees Most Important (House) Ways and Means Henry Waxman (D Energy and Commerce The Committees Most Important (House) Ways and Means Henry Waxman (D – CA) David Camp (R – MI) Sander Levin (D-MI) Rules Louise Slaughter (D – NY) Fred Upton (R – MI) Appropriations David Dreier (R – CA) Norm Dicks (D- WA) Jerry Lewis (R – CA)

The Senate Committees Appropriations Daniel Inouye (D – HA) Thad Cochran (R – MS) The Senate Committees Appropriations Daniel Inouye (D – HA) Thad Cochran (R – MS) Judiciary Patrick Leahy (D – VT) Charles Grassley (R – IA) Finance Max Baucus (D – MT) (Orrin Hatch R – UT) Foreign Relations John Kerry (D –MA) Richard Luger (R – IN) Jeff Sessions (R – AL) Kent Conrad (D – ND) Budget

The Committees Chair Positions: Based on seniority Majority party holds chairs Power to hold The Committees Chair Positions: Based on seniority Majority party holds chairs Power to hold or move bills forward or “pigeonhole” them Conducts hearings

The Committees Staff Does research Gathers information Assigned to committees or to Congress itself The Committees Staff Does research Gathers information Assigned to committees or to Congress itself Rep. Sam Hall (R – TX)

Powers of Congress Non-legislative: Investigative (i. e. Watergate) Power to subpoena witnesses and gather Powers of Congress Non-legislative: Investigative (i. e. Watergate) Power to subpoena witnesses and gather information

Powers of Congress Non-legislative: Electoral – chooses president when no majority is achieved in Powers of Congress Non-legislative: Electoral – chooses president when no majority is achieved in Electoral College

Powers of Congress Non-legislative: Executive – Senate Confirms appointments of the president Also confirms Powers of Congress Non-legislative: Executive – Senate Confirms appointments of the president Also confirms treaties

Powers of Congress Non-legislative: Impeachment: House files charges, Senate acts as jury, Chief Justice Powers of Congress Non-legislative: Impeachment: House files charges, Senate acts as jury, Chief Justice presides

Powers of Congress Non-legislative: Amendment: two thirds of House and Senate needed to send Powers of Congress Non-legislative: Amendment: two thirds of House and Senate needed to send amendments to States (3/4 needed for ratification)

Powers of Congress Types Expressed: Article I, Section VIII, clauses 1 - 17 Implied: Powers of Congress Types Expressed: Article I, Section VIII, clauses 1 - 17 Implied: “necessary and proper” (clause 18) (the “Elastic Clause”) “To make all Laws which shall be necessary and proper for carrying into Execution the foregoing Powers…”

The Electoral Connection Advantages of the incumbent: “franking” or unlimited mailings to home district The Electoral Connection Advantages of the incumbent: “franking” or unlimited mailings to home district

The Electoral Connection Advantages of the incumbent: Money and the ability to raise money The Electoral Connection Advantages of the incumbent: Money and the ability to raise money

The Electoral Connection Advantages of the incumbent: Constituency service Bill Flores – R – The Electoral Connection Advantages of the incumbent: Constituency service Bill Flores – R – TX 17)

The Electoral Connection Advantages of the incumbent: Credit claiming Position taking Name recognition The Electoral Connection Advantages of the incumbent: Credit claiming Position taking Name recognition

The Electoral Connection Advantages of the incumbent: Lack of quality opponents Ignorant voters The Electoral Connection Advantages of the incumbent: Lack of quality opponents Ignorant voters

The Electoral Connection Reasons for defeat: Scandal Re-districting Re-alignment of electorate: 1932, 1994, 2006, The Electoral Connection Reasons for defeat: Scandal Re-districting Re-alignment of electorate: 1932, 1994, 2006, 2010?

The Electoral Connection Usually nonfactors: Foreign Policy Economy “coattails” Can be factors occasionally (2006, The Electoral Connection Usually nonfactors: Foreign Policy Economy “coattails” Can be factors occasionally (2006, 2008, 2010)

How a Bill Becomes A Law! How a Bill Becomes A Law!

How a Bill Becomes A Law! Bill is introduced by a member in House How a Bill Becomes A Law! Bill is introduced by a member in House Hello, Bill! You. Tube - I'm Just a Bill

How a Bill Becomes A Law! Member of Congress submits bill, read by clerk, How a Bill Becomes A Law! Member of Congress submits bill, read by clerk, and then put in “the hopper” Can be “killed” by Speaker or sent forward to Rules Committee

How a Bill Becomes A Law! Bill sent to the Rules Committee, to determine How a Bill Becomes A Law! Bill sent to the Rules Committee, to determine which committee is to work on it (or it can be “pigeonholed”) Bill dies

How a Bill Becomes A Law! Sent to the Committee, assigned to a subcommittee How a Bill Becomes A Law! Sent to the Committee, assigned to a subcommittee Subcommittee holds hearings, performs studies, and makes revisions (“mark-up”)

How a Bill Becomes A Law! Subcommittee reports it back to full committee “pigeonhole” How a Bill Becomes A Law! Subcommittee reports it back to full committee “pigeonhole” it Committee can either: Approve it Kill it!

How a Bill Becomes A Law! Back to the Rules Committee Sets guidelines on: How a Bill Becomes A Law! Back to the Rules Committee Sets guidelines on: length of debate amendments, yes/no type of vote put on the calendar

How a Bill Becomes A Law! Full House Debate YES – on to the How a Bill Becomes A Law! Full House Debate YES – on to the Senate NO – bummer! Bill is killed!

How A Bill Becomes a Law! Bill introduced to the Senate by a member How A Bill Becomes a Law! Bill introduced to the Senate by a member Assigned to appropriate committee by Senate leadership (no Rules Committee in the Senate) Mc. Connell Reid

How A Bill Becomes a Law! Subcommittee hearings, mark-ups, etc. Report to the full How A Bill Becomes a Law! Subcommittee hearings, mark-ups, etc. Report to the full committee

How A Bill Becomes a Law! Committee can kill it or pass it Sends How A Bill Becomes a Law! Committee can kill it or pass it Sends it to the Senate leadership to be put on the calendar

How A Bill Becomes a Law! Full Senate debate, filibusters, amendments, final vote If How A Bill Becomes a Law! Full Senate debate, filibusters, amendments, final vote If yes: conference committee If no: big bummer!

How A Bill Becomes a Law! Conference Committee made up of both House and How A Bill Becomes a Law! Conference Committee made up of both House and Senate members works out differences in the two bills Sent back to original body for final vote No debate or amendments Yes or No

How A Bill Becomes a Law! Sent to President If signed: IT’S A LAW! How A Bill Becomes a Law! Sent to President If signed: IT’S A LAW! Veto: sent back to Congress for possible 2/3 override

Influences on Legislation The President The Courts Events The Media Interest Groups Influences on Legislation The President The Courts Events The Media Interest Groups

Influences on Legislation The Party Constituent demands Crazy , Right Wing, God-fearin’ Conservatives AP Influences on Legislation The Party Constituent demands Crazy , Right Wing, God-fearin’ Conservatives AP Government Classes