The Third Conditional "If I had paid more attention, I wouldn't have hit myself. . . " We use third conditional when talking about things which are contrary to the past facts. In other words: events that did not happen in the past.
How was your camping holiday? • Well, it would have been all right if it hadn’t rained all the time. If we’d gone two weeks earlier, we’d have had better weather.
• We use third conditional when talking about things which are contrary to the past facts. In other words: events that did not happen in the past. • Условные предложения третьего типа в английском языке описывают события прошедшего времени, которые могли бы произойти, но не произошли. Обратите внимание, что на русский язык данные предложения переводятся в сослагательном наклонении, с частицей "бы".
• Structure: • If + Past Perfect, + Would have + V 3 OR Would have + V 3 + If + Past Perfect
If Winnie the Pooh hadn’t eaten so much he wouldn’t have lost his good name.
examples • If Piglet had invited his friends on Friday, they would have come. Thank God he knows all about his friends • Если бы Пятачок пригласил своих друзей вчера, они бы пришли. (Но он их не пригласил, и, поэтому, они не пришли. )
If Piglet had gone hunting yesterday, he would have had problems… (Если бы Пятачок пошел на охоту, у него бы были проблемы. . . )
If Winnie the Pooh had studied science, she would have found a better job. Если бы Винни Пух изучал науку, он бы нашел лучшую работу. No money No honey
Note #2: You can use these modal verbs instead of would have: should have, could have, might have. • Examples: • If he had known, he could have helped you. Если бы он знал, он бы мог тебе помочь. You might have finished the assignment on time, if you had planned more carefully. Ты, возможно, выполнил бы задание вовремя, если бы ты спланировал все более внимательно. If you hadn't prepared, you should have told the professor. Если бы ты не подготовился, то ты должен был сказать об этом профессору.
Использование but for • Вместо if not может использоваться выражение but for, за которым следует существительное. Данное выражение обычно употребляется в формальной речи. • Например: But for our savings, we wouldn't have been able to make the payments. Если бы не наши накопления, мы не смогли бы производить выплаты.
Second and Third Conditionals Compare these examples. Second: If you planned things properly, you wouldn’t get into a mess. (You don’t plan. ) Third: If you had planned things properly, you wouldn’t have got into a mess. (You didn’t plan. ) We can mix the Second and Third conditionals. If you had planned things at the start, we wouldn’t be in this mess now. If you hadn’t left all these dirty dishes, the place would look a bit tidier. If Matthew were more sensible, he would have worn a suit to the interview. If I didn’t have all this work to do, I would have gone out for the day.
Writing exercises
• Complete the conversation. Put in the correct form of the verb. Use the Past Perfect or would have. • Nick: United didn’t play very well today. • Tom: We were awful. But if Hacker ( . . (take) that ). easy chance, . . . . (we / win). • Nick: We didn’t deserve to win. It (1). . . . (be) pretty unfair if Rangers (2). . . (lose). • Tom: Hacker was dreadful. My grandmother (3). . . . . (score) if (4). . . (she / be) in that position. • Nick: And if Burley (5). . . . (not / be) asleep, • he (6). . . . . (not / give) a goal away. • Tom: If Johnson (7). . . (not / be) injured when we needed him • most, (8). . . . . (it / be) different. • Nick: Yes, (9). . . (we /
Comment on each situation using a Third Conditional with if. Use would have, could have or might have. 1. In a bookshop yesterday Daniel saw a book he really wanted. The only problem was that he didn’t have any money. . . . . . . . 2. Rita often goes to concerts at the town hall, although not to every one. There was one on Saturday, but she didn’t know about it. . . . . . . 3. On Sunday the guests had to have their lunch inside. Unfortunately it wasn’t warm enough to have it outside. . . . . . . . 4. There was a bomb scare last Tuesday. Sarah wanted to fly to Rome, but she wasn’t able to. The airport was closed. . . . . . . 5. Laura has only met Nick once, and it’s possible she wouldn’t recognize him. He passed her yesterday, but he had a crash-helmet on. . . . .
6. Sarah has been quite busy, and she hasn’t watered her plants for some time. As a result, they’ve died. . . . . . . . . . 7. Nick likes ice hockey, but he didn’t have a ticket to the game last week, so unfortunately he wasn’t able to get in. . . . . . .
Second and Third Conditionals (4) Complete the conversations. Put in the correct form of the verb. Use the Past Simple, the Past Perfect, would, or would have. 1. Mike: You look tired. Harriet: Well, if. . . . (you / not / wake) me up in the middle of the night, . . . (I / not be) so tired. 2 Rita: Is Trevor a practical person? Laura: Trevor? No, he isn’t. If. . . (he / be) practical, . . . (he / put) those shelves up a bit quicker. It took him ages.
3 Tom: Why are you sitting in the dark? David: Let’s just say that if. . . (I / pay) my electricity bill last month, . . . (I / not be) in the dark now. 4 Matthew: Why are you so angry with me? All I did yesterday was play basketball. Emma: If. . . (you / love) me, . . . (you / not / leave) me here all alone on my birthday.
Assignment Do the first story together with the class. Guide them through it with questions like: If Encik Yahya hadn't eaten the bad apple, what wouldn't have happened? If he hadn't been sick, what wouldn't have happened? If he hadn't gone to the hospital, what wouldn't have happened? If he hadn't met Faridah, what wouldn't have happened? And, so on. Warning: the last sentence in the Encik Yahya story is in the seconditional, not the third! The students are not asked to do anything with this pattern, but some of them may notice that it is different. If the class needs the guidance, as you do the first story, write the answers on the board one above the other in a way that makes the pattern clear. The second story can be done individually, in pairs, or as a class, depending upon how much help the students need. Have individual students read the stories when they are complete.
Peter was never happy. One day, he ate a bad apple. It made him sick, so he had to go to hospital. At the hospital, he met a pretty nurse named Mary. He fell in love with Mary and they got married. If Peter hadn't eaten the bad apple, he wouldn't be so happy today. Now, tell the story about Peter another way: If he hadn't… 1. If Peter hadn't eaten the bad apple, he wouldn't have gotten sick. 2. If he _____, he ____ to hospital. 3. If he _____ to the hospital, he _____ Mary. 4. If he ____ Peter, he ______ in love with her. 5. If he _____ in love with her, he _____ her. 6. If he _____ her, he wouldn't be so happy now.
If only she hadn't… • Little Nora had just learned to read. One day, she noticed some writing on a handle. The writing said, 'Pull'. Nora read the writing. She knew the word 'pull'. So she pulled on the handle. The fire alarm went off. That day, Nora got to see the fire engines. It was a very exciting day. Nora's mother told the story another way: 1. If she hadn't noticed the writing, she wouldn't have read it. 2. If she _____ the writing, she _____ the handle. 3. If she _____ the handle, the fire alarm _____. 4. If the fire alarm _____, she wouldn't have seen the fire engines. 5. If Nora hadn't learned to read, she wouldn't have seen the fire engines — and, I _____ so embarrassed.
Put in the correct third conditional verb form: 1. If you _______ (not / be) late, we _______ (not / miss) the bus. 2. If she _______ (study), she _______ (pass) the exam. 3. If we _______ (arrive) earlier, we _______ (see) John. 4. If they _______ (go) to bed early, they _______ (not / wake) up late. 5. If he _______ (become) a musician, he _______ (record) a CD.
6. If she _______ (go) to art school, she _______ (become) a painter. 7. If I _______ (be) born in a different country, I _______ (learn) to speak a different language. 8. If she _______ (go) to university, she _______ (study) French. 9. If we _______ (not / go) to the party, we _______ (not / meet) them. 10. If he _______ (take) the job, he _______ (not / go) travelling.
• 11. He _______ (be) happier if he _______ (stay) at home. • 12. She _______ (pass) the exam if she _______ (study) harder. • 13. We _______ (not / get) married if we _______ (not / go) to • the same university. • 14. They _______ (be) late if they _______ (not / take) a taxi. • 15. She _______ (not / meet) him if she _______ (not / come) to • London.
• 16. He _______ (take) a taxi if he _______ (have) enough • money. • 17. I _______ (call) you if I _______ (not / forget) my phone. • 18. We _______ (come) if we _______ (be) invited. • 19. She _______ (not / do) it if she _______ (know) you were ill. • 20. He _______ (be) on time if he _______ (leave) earlier.
