The Teacher In-Service Program in South Africa 5

The Teacher In-Service Program in South Africa 5 August 2006 Cape Town, South Africa Moshe Kam Educational Activities 1

A Few Words about IEEE l IEEE is the largest professional engineering association in the world l l l Originally concentrating on power engineering and communications IEEE at present spans technical interests across the spectrum of technology l l 2 367, 000 members in 150 countries A 501(c)3 organization in incorporated in New York From nanotechnology to oceanic engineering In many respects IEEE has become “the steward of Engineering”

It all starts in Philadelphia… AIEE In 1884 the Franklin Institute organized the International Electrical Exhibition in Philadelphia The Operator, 15 April 1884 “The…exhibition would be attended by foreign electrical savants, engineers, and manufacturers. . . it would be a lasting disgrace to American electricians if no American electrical national society was in existence to receive them with the honors due them from their co-laborers in the United States. " Thomas Edison, Elihu Thomson, Edwin Houston, and Edward Weston AIEE’s First Technical Meeting 7 -8 October 1884, the Franklin Institute 3

Early Presidents Alexander G. Bell 4 Elihu Thomson Charles Steinmetz Frank Sprague

A few more recent Presidents Leah Jamieson Joseph Bordogna Michael Lightner Wallace Read 5

AIEE IRE l Established 1884 l Established 1908 l An American Organization l An international Organization l Representing the establishment l l Rooted in Power Engineering l l First computers working group l l Now the Computer Society Open to students, young professionals Quick to adopt advances in radar, radio TV, electronics, computers Proceedings of the Institute of Radio Engineers (January 1913) 1963: Merger of AIEE and IRE to create IEEE 6

What is IEEE? l A membership organization l A major creator and guardian of technical IP l A mechanism to bring people of common technical interests together l l l 7 both geographically and disciplinarily A guardian of the future of Engineering An implementer of technology-related public Imperatives

What is IEEE? l A membership organization l A major creator and guardian of technical IP l A mechanism to bring people of common technical interests together l l l 8 both geographically and disciplinarily A guardian of the future of Engineering An implementer of technology-related public Imperatives

What does IEEE do? l Publishes literature in engineering, technology and computing l Organizes conferences l Develops standards l l l 9 Gets engineers and technologists from different locales together Organizes professional activities among engineering students Educates the public about Engineering

What does IEEE do? l Publishes literature in engineering, technology and computing l Organizes conferences l Develops standards l l l 10 Gets engineers and technologists from different locales together Organizes professional activities among engineering students Educates the public about Engineering

Why is IEEE interested in preuniversity engineering education l l Because it is in our stated and un-stated mission Because in many IEEE Sections there is marked decline in the interest of young people in Engineering l l Because we do not believe the problem is going to be tackled effectively without us l l l 11 This is bad for the future of these communities and would have a negative impact on their standard of living Industry does not appear to be able to address the problem directly Governments do not appear sufficiently concerned (yet) Other engineering associations look up to us

What is the Problem? l Flat or declining engineering enrollments in most developed nations l l l Insufficient number of engineers and engineering educational programs in most developing countries l 12 Coupled with disappointing performance of youth in Mathematics E. g. , “free fall” in Scandinavia Asia is far behind Europe and the US in number of engineers per capita

What is the Problem? l l Women & minority students conspicuously under-represented Public perception of engineers/ engineering/ technology is largely misinformed l 13 Resulting in early decisions that block the path of children to Engineering

Percentage of Science Degrees Awarded Science degrees include life sciences, physical sciences, mathematics, statistics, computer sciences, engineering, manufacturing, and building 14 Source: Organization of Economic Cooperation and Development

BS Degrees Awarded (US) Source: U. S. Department of Education, National Center for Education Statistics 15

Selected education statistics in South Africa 16

Trends in International Mathematics and Science Study, 1998 l l 12 th grade Mathematics general knowledge (21 nations) l l Average score: 500 ; SA last with 356 Science general knowledge (21 nations) l Average score: 500 ; SA last with 349 http: //nces. ed. gov/pubs 98/98049. pdf 17

Trends in International Mathematics and Science Study, 2003 l Average mathematics scale scores of eighthgrade students (46 nations) l l Top 5: Singapore, Korea, HK, Taiwan, Japan Average score 466, SA last with 264 l l Average science scale scores of eighth-grade students (46 nations) l l Top 5: Singapore, Taiwan, Korea, HK, Estonia Average score 473, SA last with 244 l 18 Dropped 11 from 1999 Gained 1 from 1999

SA – enrollment and graduation in engineering disciplines Enrollment is small Enrollment trends appear positive 19 Source: ECSA

SA – number of graduating students in engineering disciplines • Absolute numbers are small • Technikons are up, universities are down 20 Source: ECSA

Another way to analyze the numbers: number of new baccalaureate engineering degrees per year per million citizens (2004) Country Number of degrees per million citizens USA 468. 3 China 271. 1 India 103. 7 SA 105. 1 (w/ technikons); 36. 5 w/o technikons • Assume 500 CS/IT graduates in 2004 21

Sources l l l 22 Gary Gereffi and Vivek Wadhwa: “Framing the Engineering Outsourcing Debate: Placing the United States on a Level Playing Field with China and India, ” Duke School of Engineering 2005 http: //memp. pratt. duke. edu/downloads/duke_outsourcing_2005. pdf Education statistics: www. ECSA. co. za SAITIS: A Survey of the IT Industry and Related Jobs and Skills in South Africa January 2000, http: //www. dti. gov. za/saitis/studies/jobs_skills/index. html

SA – graduation/enrollment ratios Graduation/enrollment ratios are low Technikon graduation/enrollment ratios are stable 23 University graduation/enrollment ratios are falling Source: ECSA

SA: distribution among engineering disciplines Technikons 24 Source: ECSA

SA: distribution among engineering disciplines Universities 25 Source: ECSA

Pre-university activities in IEEE 26

Who inside IEEE is active in this area? l l The IEEE Regional Activities Board (RAB) l 27 The IEEE Educational Activities Board (EAB) IEEE-USA

IEEE’s Pre-University Initiative l 2005 -2006 New Initiative l l “Launching Our Children’s Path to Engineering” Objectives l Increase the propensity of young people worldwide to select Engineering as a career path l 28 Build a sustained public awareness program, led by IEEE, with broad support of corporations and professional associations

Objective 1: Engineering in the pr -university classroom l Institutionalization of IEEE Teacher In Service Program l l l 29 IEEE Section engineers develop and present technologyoriented projects to local pre-university educators Emphasis on volunteer-teacher interaction as opposed to volunteer-student interaction Ideally: a sustained program involving several thousand schools every year

Objective 2: Engineering Associations, Unite! l Center for Pre-University Engineering Education l l Ideally, the resource of choice for pre-university cooperation with Engineering Associations Ideally, a multi-association organization l l 30 With partners such as ASCE, ASME, IEE, SEE It is about ENGINEERING, not Electrical Engineering

Objective 3: Strong On-line presence l New on-line portals for students, teachers, school counselors, and parents l Educational and entertaining l l l 31 Focused on the audience From lesson plans for teachers to games for children Ideally, the premier on-line resource on engineering for preuniversity students

On Line Portal Tryengineering. org “Strong On-line presence” 32

The Web provides us with high potential for reachability l A successful portal can become a major resource for students, parents, school counselors, and teachers l l Effort needs to be coupled with more modern tools l 33 But success is difficult in an ever-crowded medium Instant messaging, podcasts

What information is needed on line? l We met with school counselors and Engineering Associations l l Need on line tools for identifying formal and informal engineering education opportunities Engineering associations that participated in our discussions l 34 ACM, AICh. E, AIAA, ASME, ASCE, IEE, JETS, SAE, SEE, Sloane Career Cornerstone Center

What information is available on line? l We conducted a comprehensive review of engineering education resources l l Conclusions: l l l 35 By EAB and consultants Many “Engineering Resources” are actually focusing on Science and Mathematics Resources for teachers are largely inadequate Wrong message is sent about the nature of engineering and the life of engineers

From Collegeboard. com: Law It helps to be… Are you ready to… fascinated by the engage in intense relationship between law discussion of and society thorny legal problems ? 36

From Collegeboard. com: Broadcast Journalism It helps to be… Are you ready to… sharp of mind and quick learn how to find and of tongue interview sources? 37

From Collegeboard. com: Civil Engineering It helps to be… Are you ready to… A problem-solver who’s Spend hours and creative, curious, logical, hours working on and a fan of math. problem sets and design projects? 38

From Collegeboard. com: Civil Engineering It helps to be… Are you ready to… A problem-solver who’s Spend hours and creative, curious, logical, hours working on and a fan of math. problem sets and design projects? 39

From Collegeboard. com: Civil Engineering It helps to be… Are you ready to… A problem-solver who’s Spend hours and creative, curious, logical, hours working on and a fan of math. problem sets and design projects? 40

From Collegeboard. com: Mechanical Engineering It helps to be… A fan of science and math, a creative problem solver, and someone who likes to take things apart to find out how they work. 41 Are you ready to… Rely on your math skills? Master difficult scientific concepts? Take on a heavy course load? Spend five years as an undergrad…

From Collegeboard. com: Electrical Engineering It helps to be… A fan of science and math who’s curious about the way things work 42 Are you ready to… Spend hours building detailed, complicated systems Try, try, and try again when at first a project doesn’t succeed

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Good existing model l Tryscience. org l l l Partnership between l l 44 “Your gateway to experience the excitement of contemporary science and technology through on and offline interactivity with science and technology centers worldwide. ” Science is exciting, and it's for everyone! IBM the New York Hall of Science the Association of Science-Technology Centers Science centers worldwide

Next step – tryengineering. org l Companion site to tryscience. org l Comprehensive l Ultimate Audience: young people ages 9 -18 l Designed to convey excitement about engineering and design l l 45 Can-do attitude Hands-on experience Positive image of the engineering process and engineering “Discover the creative engineer in you”

Tryengineering. org A portal for students, parents, school counselors and teachers School search By location, program, environment Hands-on and virtual projects Class plans for teaching engineering design Ask an engineer Ask a student Brought to you by SAE Brought to you by JETS Games 46 Day in the life of an engineer Summer camps, internship opportunities

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Unique features l School search l Ask an Engineer l l Ask a Student l 49 To be managed by SAE To be managed by JETS

Current status l Try. Engineering. org is on line l l We are having a “quiet launch” between now and late August l l 50 Please visit and provide us with feedback We already had several thousand visitors in the first week Advertising campaign in late August – early September

How SA students can benefit from Try. Engineering. org… l It should be a relatively simple matter to… l l 51 Augment the Try. Engineering University Search with South African school information Create a page on university accreditation in South Africa

The Teacher in Service Program “Engineering in the classroom” 52

Basics l l 53 IEEE Section engineers develop and present technology-oriented projects to local pre-university educators Started at the Florida West Coast Section in 2001 Lesson plans in English and Spanish for teachers and engineers Lesson plans matched to educational standards

Basics (2) l l 54 IEEE Section engineers develop and present technology-oriented projects to local pre-university educators Started at the Florida West Coast Section in 2001 Lesson plans in English and Spanish for teachers and engineers Lesson plans matched to educational standards

Activity Sample http: //www. ieee. org/web/education/preunivers ity/tispt/lessons. html http: //www. ieee. org/web/education/preunivers ity/tispt/slessons. html 55

Rotational Equilibrium: A Question of Balance Demonstrate the concept of rotational equilibrium, by building and testing a Mobile 56

Build working models with household items 57

Design and Build a Better Candy Bag Lesson Focus l Demonstrate how product design differences can affect the success of a final product l l 58 in this case a bag for holding candy. Students work in pairs to evaluate, design, and build a better candy bag

More on the Program 59

What have we done in 2005? l Pilot study in Region 3 (Southeastern US) l l 65 participants, from 23 Sections, in Atlanta, GA Whole day workshop on lessons, association with educational standards and working with schools l l 60 Plus half a day of a simulated TISP session Feedback: multiple groups organizing training sessions in Southeastern US and Jamaica

What are we doing in 2006? l A Region 3 refresher l Expand to l l 61 Region 1 (Boston, MA) Region 4 (Indianapolis, IN) Region 8 (South Africa) Region 10 (Malaysia)

What will we do in 2007? l Expand to l l 62 Region 2 (Baltimore) Region 5 (Dallas) Region 9 (Peru and Argentina) Region 10 (Hong Kong, India, Israel)

What do we want to achieve in South Africa ? l Create a sustainable pre-university engineering education program l l l Reach 250 pre-university teachers in one year l l l 63 TISP program Participation in Try. Engineering. org All over the country 600 teachers in the next two years Make Try. Engineering a popular resource among teachers and students in the pre-university and university communities in SA

Questions and comments 64