The Swiss Association vision for the period 2012

The Swiss Association vision for the period 2012 -2020 Presented by M. Q. Tran on behalf of the CRPP

Plan • Introduction • Experimental plasma physics activities : TCV and Torpex • Theory and modeling • Technology activities in support of ITER and DEMO • Conclusion 13. 04. 2011 CRPP Contribution Eu Workshop 2

Introduction • The CRPP was founded in May 1961 • Since its foundation, it has developed unique expertise in many fields which are of high relevancy for the development of ITER and DEMO • The strategy of the Association is to develop these fields along the four lines identified for the programme: 1. Construction of ITER 2. Secure ITER operation 3. Prepare Generation ITER 4. Fusion power plant (DEMO) 13. 04. 2011 CRPP Contribution Eu Workshop 3

The Tokamak à Configuration Variable TCV General TCV mission: contribute to physics basis for -ITER scenarios -DEMO design -tokamak concept improvement • R= 0. 9 m; a= 0. 25 m • BT ≤ 1. 5 T; Ip ≤ 1. 2 MA • 16 independent shaping coils • 4. 5 MW ECW system • 1 < elongation < 2. 8 • -0. 7 < triangularity < 1 13. 04. 2011 CRPP Contribution Eu Workshop 4

TCV research avenues • • • Advanced scenarios with steady-state internal transport barriers and large non-inductive and bootstrap currents Physics of H-mode, including ELM-free H-mode with X 3 Transport, intrinsic rotation and turbulence Physics of Electron Cyclotron Heating and Current Drive Real time control of plasma and heating systems, including new plasma shapes and configurations Plasma edge physics Common aspect: use of TCV unique capabilities (shape, EC, real time capabilities) 13. 04. 2011 CRPP Contribution Eu Workshop 5

TCV upgrades • TCV in operation since 1992, EC heating since 2000 • To enhance relevancy of results for burning plasma studies, TCV should achieve – Higher b. N, wide range of Te/Ti, lower collisionality • This would require – Enhancements in heating systems • NBI (up to 3 x 1 MW D injectors, Eb~25 ke. V) • X 3 power upgrade (up to 3 x 1 MW new gyrotrons) – Improvements in plasma control, in particular for ELMs • In-vessel RMP coils • Modification of in-vessel components (LFS tiles) 13. 04. 2011 CRPP Contribution Eu Workshop 6

Future role of TCV • ITER physics support, scenario development – Wider areas of parameter space, physics of Te/Ti variations (including Ti~Te) with electron heating – Unique input to understand electron-ion coupled turbulence – Move advanced and baseline scenarios into reactor relevant range • H-modes with Ti~Te, b. N >2. 5, H 98>1. 5 – Control strategies/validation for sawteeth, NTMs, RWM, ELMs • ITER technology support – Control hardware and software • Concept improvements (beyond ITER) – New shapes tested in more reactor relevant conditions for stability and confinement (H-mode, b, Ti/Te~1) • Education – TCV will remain a prolific source of high quality fusion scientists 13. 04. 2011 CRPP Contribution Eu Workshop 7

Basic plasma physics • Goal: Advance understanding of fundamental phenomena in magnetized plasma with link between fusion, theory, space and solar physics • Characterization of turbulence and underlying wave phenomena • Physics and control of turbulence structures (blobs) • Studies of the plasma boundary edge: sheaths and impact of neutrals on turbulence The TORPEX device • Interaction between suprathermal ions and turbulence • Use of TORPEX with magnetic field structure of increasing complexity, from simple magnetized plasma to tokamak-like and 3 D • Full validation platform for numerical models in view of fusion experiments • Basic approach particularly adapted for education thanks to hands-on experimentation and theory-experiment synergies 13. 04. 2011 CRPP Contribution Eu Workshop 8

Concept improvement Operational Turbulence regimes Theory, first-principles: present status Core • Heat (gyrokinetic) • Particle Edge (fluid) • Momentum TCV, JET, transport TORPEX, … MHD • NTMs • Sawteeth Fast particles • ELMs RF heating • Advanced scenarios • ELMs, ripple 3 D effects TCV, JET, … 3 D • Novel and optimized 3 D W 7 X, LHD, configurations RFX, … CRPP Contribution Eu Workshop 9

Operational regimes Turbulence Theory: numerical code developments Core (gyrokinetic) Edge (fluid) ORB 5, GENE GBS KINX MHD Fast particles VENUS RF heating LEMAN Concept improvement 3 D effects 3 D configurations State-of-the-art, massively parallel codes • Developed “in-house” and in collaboration Expertise retention • HPC Platforms : HPC-FF, IFERC Peta. Flops Exascale SCENIC ANIMEC TERPSICHORE • Algorithmic developments, code refactoring, optimization CRPP Contribution Eu Workshop 10

Core (gyrokinetic) Edge (fluid) MHD Fast particles RF heating tokamak turbulence from magnetic axis to the wall Consistent modeling Concept improvement 3 D effects 3 D configurations Optimization CRPP Contribution Eu Workshop Firstprinciples Integrated Tokamak Simulation Firstprinciples Integrated Fusion Simulation ITER relevant studies DEMO relevant studies Operational regimes Turbulence Theory: the roadmap 11

Activities in support of ITER construction and in preparation of DEMO (1) • Superconductivity based on SULTAN and EDIPO: - ITER conductor qualification - DEMO conductor development (low or high Tc) • Material science for DEMO using hot laboratories and state-of-the art tools (TEM, FIB, nano indenter, testing machines) dedicated for active material Steel and refractory material development, before and after irradiation characterization Development of IFMIF test cell and testing methods (Small Sample Test Technology) (presently under BA Voluntary Contribution) Modeling of radiation damage and effects 13. 04. 2011 - CRPP Contribution Eu Workshop 12

Activities in support of ITER construction and in preparation of DEMO (2) • Electron cyclotron wave system development (EU CW 2 MW gyrotron test stand): Sources (ITER and DEMO) Launchers (ITER) Physics of ECW interaction with plasma ( ECRH, ECCD, instabilities control) • Magnetic diagnostics and Plasma control • Physics issues for DEMO 13. 04. 2011 CRPP Contribution Eu Workshop 13

International and other activities • • Participation in JET scientific exploitation Participation in HPC activities ( EU HPC and IFERC) Participation in ITPA Collaboration with the European and international partners • Technology transfer to industry 13. 04. 2011 CRPP Contribution Eu Workshop 14

Education and Training • The CRPP is one of the few institutions involved in fusion research in Europe that is part of an academic system • Most staff indirectly involved in education (including technicians) • Several individuals are directly involved in education – 2 Full Professors, 1 Assistant Professor and 2 Adjunct Professors – 11 Maîtres d’enseignements et de recherche, ~10 senior physicists – ~35 -40 graduate students (acting as assistants) • Education is one of CRPP primary missions – Bachelor & Master in Physics and Nuclear Engineering • 6 courses on Plasma Physics and Fusion, including on material science • 3 rd and 4 th year laboratory projects, Master projects – Ph. D (Ph. D students are active in research; ~7. 5 graduates per year) • 8 courses on Plasma Physics and Fusion, including material science – Post-graduate • EU Marie Curie, Fusion Excellence Fellows, European Fusion Goal Oriented Training Scheme (Tokamak operation, EC heating, plasma theory, materials, superconductivity, quality assurance) 13. 04. 2011 CRPP Contribution Eu Workshop 15

Conclusion • The Swiss Association programmatic lines are based on the strengths developed in the last twenty years • They are all in line with the proposed main orientation of the programme 13. 04. 2011 CRPP Contribution Eu Workshop 16

Thank you for your attention 13. 04. 2011 CRPP Contribution Eu Workshop 17

Reserve pictures of TCV 13. 04. 2011 CRPP Contribution Eu Workshop 18

Present ECW launch system × 4 × 2 13. 04. 2011 CRPP Contribution Eu Workshop 19

Inside view of TCV 13. 04. 2011 CRPP Contribution Eu Workshop 20

Time line of theory and modeling activities 13. 04. 2011 CRPP Contribution Eu Workshop 21

TORPEX, TCV TORPEX Tokamak edge turbulence simulation TORPEX turbulence simulation TCV ITB, el. transport momentum Tokamak core turbulence simulation Inclusion of neoclassical effects… RF heating, fast particle JET fast particle effects on MHD, 3 D configuration TODAY 13. 04. 2011 Integrated tokamak turbulence model Fast particle effects on turbulence Turbulence driven fast particle dynamics JET L-H transition, ELM dynamics Advanced tokamak scenario Sawthooth control, infernal modes 3 D effects on ELM, ripple, … 3 D effects in tokamaks Advanced 3 D configuration LHD, RFX, W 7 X CRPP Contribution Eu Workshop Integrated tokamak model with self-consistent heating and 3 D effects DEMO relevant studies 2020 22