The Subject of Philosophy by student FML 209 Kosyakova Lubov
Philosophy is: • The general beliefs and attitudes of an individual or group • The body of principles underlying a branch of learning or major discipline • A search for meaning and truth
Definition: Philosophy - “love for sophia” (love for wisdom), love for truth
Of What Value is the Study of Philosophy? • • Provide clarification for what is or has been done by others Provides a framework for life and our action Can be useful in solving educational problems A good mental activity Provides a framework for life and our action
Major areas of Philosophy Metaphysics - the nature of reality v Axiology - the nature of values v Epistemology - the nature of knowledge v
Metaphysics: Concerned with theories of the nature of reality. § Why does the earth exist? § How did it come into being? § Is mankind free? § Is there a God? § What is real? Metaphysics Common terms used in metaphysics are: § Theology § Creationism § Evolution § Spirit § Free will § Atheism Metaphysics is the area many people think of when they hear the term philosophy
Two major divisions of axiology ethics: o Ethics What is right and wrong? What is evil and good? o Aesthetic What is beautiful and ugly? Axiology concerned with theories of value Some common terms used that relate to ideology are pessimism, optimism, hedonism, egoism, and altruism
Epistomology Concerned with theories of the nature of knowledge Epistemological questions: o How do people learn? o What knowledge is of utmost value? o What are the different types of knowledge?
Philosophical Methods: Dialectics - is the method and theory of development in its most complete, deep-going, and comprehensive form. It is based on two basic principles – development and universal connection. is characterized by the static mode of thinking, by the veering of thought from one extreme to the other, by exaggeration of some aspect of an object, such as stability, repetition, and relative independence. Metaphysics - Phenomenology Hermeneutics
Philosophical Schools of Thought Idealism q Realism q Pragmatism q Existentialism q Reconstructionism q
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