THE STYLE OF OFFICIAL DOCUMENTS the style

THE STYLE OF OFFICIAL DOCUMENTS

the style of official Documents n Business Documents n military Documents n legal english n Documents of Diplomacy

the style of official Documents n aim - stating conditions binding parties in an undertaking and reaching agreement between them

the style of official Documents Features: use of words in logical dictionary meaning n special system of cliches, terms, set expressions n use of terminological nomenclature n no emotive words retaining their original meaning n

the style of official Documents special obligatory forms of address, opening and concluding n encoded character of language: use of abbreviations (M. P. ) and conventional symbols ($) n

the style of official Documents non-flexible compositional design n fixed paragraphing n restricted choice of syntactical patterns n

the style of official Documents n grammar and punctuation depending on the pattern (combining several pronouncements into one sentence)

the style of official Documents the whole document is one sentence

Business Documents n business correspondence n official reports n regulations

Business Documents Business correspondence n (letters) n telexes n enquiries n offers n claims (complaints) n business contracts (agreements)

Business Documents Business communication oral written

Business Documents Decisions and terms confirmed by the documents

Business Documents officialese

Business Documents Set-phrases and clichés invoice book value, promissory note, assets

Business Documents skilful application of passive constructions, introductory it, abstract nouns

Business Documents purpose – to reverse the focus from the subject to the object

Business Documents abbreviations, conventional symbols contractions

Business Documents Formal style of business English mostly in written form Informal English

military documents n tends to be sanitized n emphasizes the expertise of those who use it n contains a special notion of hierarchy

military documents Euphemisms surgical strikes collateral damage (bombing attack)

military documents Military terminology internal external

military documents jargon acronyms set-phrases

military documents different services different meanings

Documents of Diplomacy i. treaties and other inernational compacts treaties and conventions agreements declarations protocols

Documents of Diplomacy ii. constituent acts of the united nations and other international organs charter of the united nations statutes and other international documents constitutions of the united nations specialized agencies

Documents of Diplomacy iii. unilateral acts of the united nations ratifications accession, acceptance and approval reservations denunciations

Documents of Diplomacy iv. resolutions and records of the united nation general assembly and other international bodies resolutions rules of procedure summary records

Documents of Diplomacy v. final instruments of intergovernmental negotiations and visits final instruments of intergovernmental conferences

Documents of Diplomacy vi. diplomatic correspondence 1. un correspondence formal letters informal letters notes verbales interoffice memoranda

Documents of Diplomacy 2. diplomatic communications bet. Ween states

Documents of Diplomacy 3. other diplomatic acts agremént consular comissions and e. XQuatur letters of credence and letters of recall full po. Wers

Documents of Diplomacy vii. World economic and trade global economic cooperation and foreign trade documents

Legal English Law and legal system

Legal English Stylistic idiosyncrasy

Legal English Legal varieties of Latin and French

Legal English Latin (means rea, ab incio) French (plaintiff, tort) Ceremonial phrasing (signed, sealed) Conventional terminology (alibi, negotiable instruments)

Legal English - Language of legal documents - Language of works of legal reference - Language of case law

Legal English Language of the Language of legislature the judiciary

Legal English Features: Complex grammatical structures with lengthy sentences and repetitions and a general syntactical mode of combining several pronouncement into one sentence

Legal English Definite compositional pattern Usage of passive voice Usage of modal verbs which distinguish between obligation and discretion

Legal English Usage of words in their logical dictionary meaning, no room for contextual meaning Absence of any emotiveness Special system of clichés, set expressions, legal terms

Legal English Affidavit Agency agreement Certificate of incorporation Airways bill Authorization of agent Bid of tender letters Bill of ladding Certificate of Free Sale

Legal English Commercial agreement Commercial certificate Employment letter Marriage/divorce/death certificate Medical report Packing List Power of Attorney Purchase or sale agreement

Legal English Real Estate and Property Documents Registration of partnership, corporations or joint ventures Sole distributorship To whom it may concern Trade Mark registration Translation document Will

Legal English Plain Legal English Campaign 1963

Legal English abbreviations International commercial terms INCOTERMS

Legal English INCOTERMS the point of deliverance EXWork EXShip EXQuay

Legal English INCOTERMS the way of deliverance FOB FOR FOT FOB Airport

Legal English Master Pattern for Contract Documents Supplement Order Conformation