The structure and purposes of government Governance establishes

The structure and purposes of government Governance establishes structures of power and authority in order to provide order and stability. Civic efficacy requires understanding rights and responsibilities, ethical behavior, and the role of citizens within their community, nation, and world.

Government is an institution through which a society makes and enforces its public policies.

Governments must have power in order to make and carry out public policies. Every government has three basic kinds of power: 1. Legislative Power – The power to make law 2. Executive Power – The power to execute, enforce, and administer law. 3. Judicial Power – The power to interpret laws, to determine their meaning, and to settle disputes that arise within society. Control.

Governments These powers of government are often outlined in a country’s constitution. A constitution is the body of fundamental laws setting out the principles, structures, and process of a government.

The structure of Government : three branches The legislative, executive, and judicial are three major branches of government.

Legislative Branch The legislative branch is made up of Parliament. The Parliament is made of the Mazhilis and Senate. www. parlam. kz

Parliament of the Republic of Kazakhstan The Senate is formed by the deputies elected on two persons from each region, cities of the republican importance and capitals of the Republic of Kazakhstan on a joint meeting of the deputies of all representative bodies according to the region, city of the republican importance and capital of the Republic. Seven deputies are designated by the President of the Republic for the term of Senate authorities. The half of elected Senate deputies is re-elected each three years. The term of authorities of the Senate deputies is six years. Mazhilis consists of seventy seven deputies. Sixty seven deputies are elected on one-mandate territorial electoral district formed with taking into account administrative-territorial division of the Republic and with approximately equal number of the voters. Ten deputies are elected on the basis of party tickets on a system of proportional representation and on a territory of united national electoral district. The term of authorities of the Mazhilis deputies is five years.

Executive Branch The Executive Branch of government is made of the President and Prime minister (cabinet council = 16 ministeries ) Central and local executive power www. akorda. kz www. government. kz

Judicial Branch The Judicial Branch of government is made up of the Supreme Court.

FORMS OF GOVERNMENT Absolute Monarchy, Constitutional Monarchy, Parliamentary Democracy, Theocracy, Presidential Democracy, Dictatorship

Absolute Monarchy One clear leader, chosen because they are a son or daughter of the king People believe this leader is in charge because they were chosen by God Same person makes and enforces all laws There is a King, Queen or Czar King Louis XIV of France was an absolute monarch

Constitutional Monarch King or Queen also has to deal with a legislature People believe God chose the king, but they get to choose the legislature Legislature and King both make laws Probably is a king or queen and a prime minister England is an example

Parliamentary Democracy People choose a legislature, legislature chooses the leader Prime minister is chosen by the legislature Prime minister can be replaced at any time with a “No Confidence” vote Legislature makes the law, Prime Minister enforces the law Israel and Russia are examples

Theocracy Country is ruled by the religious leader People believe the nation is doing the business of God Laws often come from religious law The Ayatollah in Iran was a good example, some religious leaders in Iraq want this

Presidential Democracy Leader is chosen by the people for a set period of time Will have a president and a legislature President not easily removed United States is an example

Dictatorship One person is in charge, often takes over by force People listen to him or her because they are afraid One person makes and enforces the laws Hitler, Mussolini, Sadam Hussein were examples

The Purpose of Government Today governments serve several major purposes: 1)To maintain social order- people can‘t live without conflict. Government provides ways to resolve conflict by placing limits on what people can do. 2) To provide public services – Government provides essential services that make community life possible and promotes the general welfare. Ex. sewer systems and inspection of meat. 3) To provide national security- protect people against the threat of attack or terrorism. 4) To make economic decisions- Government passes laws that determine and control the economic environment of the state. From providing a national currency to controlling every individual's economic decisions.

There are tree ways governments distribute power: Unitary Confederation Federal

Unitary One central Government controls everything. Power is not sheared between states, countries or province. Examples: UK, France, Netherlands, Spain

Confederation A voluntary association of independent states that agrees to follow a powerful central government. Nations can choose to follow or not follow the lead of the weak central government. Examples: Confederate States of America (1861 -1865), European Union

Federal Power is shared by a powerful central government. States or provinces are given considerable self rule, usually through their own legislatures. Examples: United States, Germany

Governments by socio-economic system attributes Capitalism- In a capitalist or free-market economy, people own their own businesses and property and must buy services for private use, such as healthcare. Communism - In a communist country, the working class, through cooperatives, owns all businesses and farms and shares the healthcare, education and welfare. Feudalism - A system of land ownership and duties. Under feudalism, all the land in a kingdom was the king's. However, the king would give some of the land to the lords or nobles who fought for him. These presents of land were called manors. Then the nobles gave some of their land to vassals. The vassals then had to do duties for the nobles. The lands of vassals were called fiefs. Socialism - Socialist governments own many of the larger industries and provide education, health and welfare services while allowing citizens some economic choices

The State Over the course of human history, the state has emerged as the dominant political unit. • A State is a political community that has these four characteristics: – 1) clearly defined boundaries- the exact location has often lead to war – 2) population – 3) government – 4) sovereignty- independent, has supreme authority within its boundaries

The State Today there are more than 190 states in the world. This has more than doubled from 50 years ago. • People often call a state a “nation” or a “country. ” • However, the word nation is an ethnic term, referring to races or other large groups of people. • The word country is a geographic term, referring to a particular place, region, or area of land. • The most popular political type of states in the world today are called nation-states.

Theories of the Origin of the State 1) Evolutionary Theory - Belief that the state evolved gradually from the family (father> tribe> clan> state)(Ex. Sioux Indians, Israel) 2) Force Theory-Belief that a powerful individual or a group took over an area by force & established government. 3) Divine Right Theory- Belief that God intended a particular person and his family to rule over a state. (Egyptians, Chinese, and Aztecs felt their rulers were either descendants or chosen by God. 1400's England to oppose the monarch was to oppose God and was both treason and sin. ) 4) Social Contract- conceived by John Locke, a British political theorist, in 1690. Belief that people were naturally endowed with the right to life, liberty, and property. To preserve these rights they freely gave power to a governing authority.

The Social Contract Theory States: 1) The state exists only to serve the will of the people. 2) The people are the source of its power. 3) The people can give and take away power to the government.

Questions: Give the definition of the Government and explain what is it’s role in the political system? What are forms and types of Government? How Government distributes power? What is the difference between “Government”, “State” and “Country” ? Talk about “The social Contract Theory” by John Lock