The Singapore Advanced Research Education Network

The Singapore Advanced Research & Education Network

Outline • Funding Agency & Partners • Objective • Network Infrastructure • Broadband R&D Projects • Optical Network Project • Distance Education • Future Projects

Funding Agency & Partners Funded by : Hosted by : Project Partners : Nanyang Kent Ridge Technological Digital Labs University (New name Laboratories for Information Technology) Temasek Polytechnic

Objectives • To provide an advanced high-speed network infrastructure, and an environment for R&D collaboration and experimentation in broadband networking so as to prepare Singapore for the next wave of Internet (Internet 2) technologies and applications deployment locally • To act as an interface for the R&E organisations in Singapore and the global Internet 2 community • Train manpower to fuel the growth of the ICT industry in Singapore • Transfer technology and know-how on network advanced protocols and applications e. g. , IPv 6, Qo. S, Multicast, Distance Education etc. , which Sing. AREN has harnessed to industry • Provide technical expertise on broadband communication issues for national projects and industry

Background • Phase 1 – started in November 1997 and essentially completed in March 2001 • Phase 2 – initiated in April 2001 with 2 -year grant with aim to: – Ensure continuity of R&E advance networking requirements – Sing. AREN 21 infrastructure – More diverse R&D activities and improved project management – Broadband 21 projects

Network Infrastructure

Sing. AREN 21 Network Configuration

Network Configuration Research Institutes: -KRDL -IHPC -DSO Korea Abilene 2 M 155 M 45 M Cisco LS 1010 10 M (CBR) 17 M (VBR-nrt) Singapore ONE Universities: -NUS -NTU -SMU -NIE Fore ASX 1000 Star. TAP Cisco 7507 San Jose Po. P Cisco 7513 Polytechnics - Temasek Poly - Ngee Ann Poly - Nanyang Poly Singapore Po. P • ILS bandwidth of 10 Mbps (CBR) and 17 Mbps (VBR-nrt) • Sing. AREN has a Po. P in San Jose to aggregate all its US traffic • Po. P provides control over the amount and type of in-bound traffic entering Sing. AREN’s 27 Mbps international link • US local connections to Star. TAP & Abilene at 45 Mbps & 155 Mbps respectively

Network Utilization • Singapore-US link • Singapore-Korea link

R&D Projects

Network R&D Projects • 10 Network Related Projects – – – – – Service Creation in Broadband & Wireless N/W Multi-protocol Lambda Switching for Optical N/W Managing Diff. Serv on QBONE Measurement-based Admission Ctrl for Diff. Serv Process-Oriented Simulation for Hi-speed Network TDMA-based Satellite Network Multicast Qo. S Routing Protocol Advanced Internet POP Architecture & Services End-to-End performance of Transport Protocols

End-to-End Performance Project • To investigate into the end-to-end performance of the TCP/IP protocol in different scenarios which include long distance terrestrial link, satellite link, and last mile wireless links and to come up with mechanisms/solutions to improve the performance of TCP/IP. • To study the Fairness issues in allocating BW for last mile wireless links. • To investigate and to develop diagnostic and performance monitoring tools that would provide mechanisms for estimating and improving the end-toend performance of TCP sessions.

TCP Tunnels • • • TCP tunnel is TCP circuit, carrying IP frames over the Internet Benefit from the congestion control mechanism of TCP/IP Protecting TCP flows from unresponsive UDP flows Tries to avoid congestion collapse Protection from IP fragmentation Suitable for adoption on edge router LCN 2000 SCI 2001 Computer Networks (to appear)

TCP HACK – A Mechanism to Improve the performance of TCP • TCP performs poorly when corruption occurs – Reduces sending rate, timeouts and slow start – Wrong behaviour !! TCP HACK • Correct behaviour – Send multiple copies of packet INFOCOM 2001 – Keep sending rate the same • TCP HACK rationale and how it works – Incorporate a He. Ader Chec. Ksum – Shown significant increase in performance

Study on the effectiveness of TCP SACK, HACK and TCP Trunk over Satellite Links Performance Improvement related to Satellite ICC 2002

Results • Our study on the effect of varying the TCP window size over long latency link for New Reno, SACK, HACK and TCP Trunk implementations show that increasing window size does improve the performance, but only up to a certain value of the window size, and a further increase actually reduces the performance. • We also found out that SACK enabled TCP Trunk across the satellite link edge routers can improve throughput regardless of the end host TCP implementation. • Disabling the link layer CRC and instead implementing the HACK extension to the TCP (and of course HACK+ SACK) can improve throughput further.

DTTS – Dynamic Tunneling Transition Solution (An IPv 4 to IPv 6 transition mechanism) Ref: DTTS – ICCCN 2001 Global IPv 4 Address Pool Address Allocation Server IPv 6 -only Router IPv 6 node A (Dual stack) IPv 6 -only Router IPv 6 Network IPv 4 DNS Server Border Router (Dual stack) IPv 4 Network DNS Proxy IPv 6 -only Router IPv 6 <-> IPv 4 address mapping table IPv 4 Host C IPv 6 node B (Dual stack) Private DNS Server

Application R&D Projects • 7 Application Projects – Digital Library Infrastructure for Distributed Geospatial Data – Distributed Simulation: Scalability, Interoperability and Application – High speed Information Retrieval, Processing & Management – Distributed E-Commerce Agents on High Speed Networks – Highly Scalable Video Codec – Virtual Reality Interface for Web-based Remote Experimentation – Packet Voice over Non-Qo. S Network

i. VCnet V 2 • To promote the use of Video-conference facilities • To support APAN in the use of VC services • To track the progress of VC standards • • • Multipoint communication True H. 323 Link to other directory service Recording of conference Webcasting of conference

Optical Network Project

From IP-Over-Glass Testbed… … to Full Optical Internet

National University of Singapore Nanyang Technological University Optical MUX/ DEMUX Sing. Tel Orchard Exchange Optical MUX/ DEMUX SPRINGi DPT Rings (622 Mbits/sec x 2) Optical MUX/ DEMUX KRDL

Kent Ridge Advanced Network • Campus-wide optical network testbed for grid technologies and research • Inter-faculty, research institute collaborative R&D • 18 -month project focus on: – optical networking, layer-2 networking – grid computing middleware • Network vendor participation

Distance Education

Distance Learning Singapore-MIT Alliance (SMA) Program • Launched in July 1999 • A very selective Master/Ph. D. joint program • Involves National University of Singapore (NUS), Nanyang Technological University (NTU) & MIT • Students undergo initial orientation in Singapore, then 1 month in MIT followed by continuation of program in Singapore. • Students earn single degree with indigenous registered institution • 5 programs totaling over 100 conferencing hours/week

SMA DE Connectivity (cont. ) 137. 132. 2. 98 NUS 137. 132. 4. 2 NUS One Arm Router R Firewall CC 1 ATM GW R 137. 132. 2. 3 NUS 137. 132. 21. 134 NUS PT 210 NUS MIT Layer 3 Route 178. 163. 66 NUS Abilene Sing. Net Sing. AREN (SG POP) 202. 8. 94. 1 202. 8. 94. 50 R Internet II R MIT 18. 39. 0. 145 MIT PT 210 192. 5. 89. 101 192. 5. 89. 10 18. 168. 0. 14 198. 32. 8. 2 198. 32. 8. 14 198. 32. 8. 6 198. 32. 8. 26 198. 32. 8. 30 Sing. AREN (SJ Po. P) 202. 8. 94. 30

SMA DE Connectivity NUS Classroom OC-3 NUS Gateway MIT Classroom Sing. AREN* Giga. Po. P 27 Mbps ILC MIT Gateway Abilene 155 Mbps SJ Po. P

SMA Synchronous Delivery Application Sharing via Internet 2 MIT Auditorium ISDN Audio / Video Conferencing Internet 2 Student access via web for revision View video Online digitization onto video server Video Server NUS / NTU Auditorium or SMART Classroom

Future Directions

Future Directions • Role of Sing. AREN as R&E network service provider • Rising need for R&E bandwidth – cheaper bandwidth? • Separation of experimental facility from more reliable production facility • Activities in life sciences will significantly increase demand for bandwidth • Challenges and opportunities for optical networks • Challenges and opportunities with seamless wireless connectivity

www. singaren. net. sg Tel: (65) 68746630