The Russian writer Mikhail Mikhaylovich Prishvin and his

The Russian writer Mikhail Mikhaylovich Prishvin and his novels about Yelets Made by Korobova Alexandra 2014 year

• Актуальность исследовательской работы обусловлена возросшим в настоящее время интересом к изучению культурного наследия родного края, в том числе и творческого наследия писателей-земляков. • Цель исследования - рассмотреть особенности создания М. Пришвиным Елецких пейзажей в его произведениях. В соответствии с целью ставятся следующие конкретные задачи: 1. Рассмотреть этапы биографии М. М. Пришвина, связанные с Елецким краем. 2. Показать своеобразие произведений Пришвина, связанных с Елецким краем. 3. Рассмотреть особенности изображения природы в произведениях, посвященных Елецкой земле. 4. Показать особенности взаимодействия человека и природы в произведениях о Елецком крае.

• Yelets is one of few cities of the country has the luck to be reproduced in fiction with abounding completeness, from small strokes and mentions at A. Pushkin, L. Tolstoy, N. Leskov, A. Chekhov, K. Paustovsky to the sculptural and detailed image in I. Bunin and M. Prishvin's creativity as many years of their life were connected with this city, unforgettable impressions, original plans and their concrete embodiment.

• Yelets revealed multilaterally. Here are city suburbs - the Black Settlement and Argamacha with their legends and legends, majestic churches and the Shopping street with infinite benches and taverns, the Woman's market and "obzhorny ranks", the hospital "Red cross", monasteries and small rivers. • Mikhail Mikhaylovich Prishvin was one of the writers who was born and lived on the Yelets earth. Prishvin created many outstanding works about Russian nature, the native earth and their people. • We try to tell about Prishvin who is connected with Yelets. Research objective is to consider features of creation by M. Prishvin of Yelets’ landscapes in his works.

• Mikhail Mikhaylovich Prishvin was born on February 5 , 1873 in the Khrushchevo’s small district of Yelets. It was remembered to the writer as "a small village with straw roofs and earth floors". Till the end of days he kept a picture of Khrushchevo written by his cousin M. N. Ignatyeva in the house. • Khrushchevo entered into the life of the writer with the first impressions of the childhood. Close communication with Khruschevo's opened secrets of the nature, the truth of national life. "He learned sounds of night, a habit of birds, to understand men’s melancholy for the best life" - S. B. Zakharin writes

• Khrushchevo affected on Prishvin's all future outlook. Here are the feeling of the homeland national sense of beauty. Prishvin repeatedly emphasized that his esthetic awakening is connected with Khruschevo's impressions when he was a boy and listened to country songs and fairy tales, admired the embroidered bench hammer, a sundress with invariable excitement perceived dewy hunting dawns infinitely repeated by the poor.

• The writer took the sense of love to the earth and pleasure of life from the mother. It was the pleasure which is better than happiness. • It was enough to him to look at any landscape with those passionate feelings of the earth which his mother had and that land became native.

• Prishvin studied at Yelets man's gymnasium, as Bunin. On May 31, 1885 Prishvin’s mother asked the permission for her son to take the entrance examinations in the Yelets man's gymnasium, and on June 3 the same year Mikhail Prishvin was accepted in 1 class of a gymnasium. • In 1918 Prishvin with a family moved to Yelets and he has lived there for 2 years. He taught Russian in the former Yelets gymnasium, from where he was excluded from the 4 th class, he worked as the inspector of national education of the Yelets district, began the local history work in Yelets.

• In 1920 Prishvin left Yelets. In Smolenshina, the homeland of his wife, he became the teacher that was as interesting as writing. • The separation Khrushchevo with Yelets induced Prishvin’s spiritual communication with them, and in the twenties he began the novel "The Kascheyeva chain", as a result of its hard literary destiny and fight for homeland finding. • Recreating a picture of Russian social and public life of the end of XIX - the beginning of the XX century, Prishvin according the historical truth creates in "The Kashcheeva chain" images of ruined noblemenlandowners and growing rich landless peasants and clergy, provincial intellectuals populists. • The feeling of the homeland didn’t abandon Prishvin ever. He again and again addressed to the description of the native nature and the people living on the Yelets earth. Native, the big and small homeland remained relatives for Prishvin; beauty of the exotic nature couldn't eclipse them. It was “Our" in the story "Ginseng". • Deep excitement and lyricism penetrated reminiscence of "a native nest" which was a spring of poetic energy for the writer.

• M. M. Prishvin died in 1954. • M. Prishvin was buried in Moscow on the Vvedensky cemetery. • It is difficult to name other modern writers whose books can merge private life with creativity. All things created by Prishvin are rethought his own career, the spiritual life from consciousness till the last movement of thought. • Features image of Yelets’ edge is in M. M. Prishvin's creativity. • The feeling of the homeland in his experience is a creativity basis.

Documents from the National Archives of Yelets

• There are writers whose books have become friends of man from the earliest years. They can justifiably be attributed Mikhail Prishvin. His short stories for children, philosophical novels and stories are full of surprising discoveries, moral beauty. Individual pages of his life in Yelets reflected in the documents stored in the National Archives of Yelets. 1883. May 31 Maria Prishvina , the writer's mother , filed a petition to the Director on the admission of her son to the entrance examinations in Yeletskaya gymnasium : " Wanting to educate my son Michael Prishvin in the school , have the honor to request your order that he was subjected to proper testing and medical examinations and placed in the class in which he, his knowledge and age, can do , and I have the honor to report that he was preparing to enter the preparatory class and so far I have trained at home. I wish my son, if passed in classes designated for learning both new foreign languages, will show progress in mandatory for all subjects, otherwise only German. Maria Prishvina » June 3, 1883 Michael Prishvin was admitted to grade school. Journal of the teachers' council: " These children are on a par with the preparatory class students were tested for admission to 1 st class gymnasium and withstood it satisfactorily, the number of students admitted to the first class: . . . Prishvin Michael, son of hereditary honorary citizen, born January 23, 1873 ". Prishvin lived in V. V. Shmoll’s house in Assumption street near the Lyuyten pharmacy

• There is the explanation of a schoolboy Michael Prishvin describing his action - escape " in Asia" «This summer we lived in the village of Cadet 3 rd Corps Moscow, Khrushchev with his mother. Khrushchev told me that two cadets ran away from the house and were returned back. When I arrived in the city, I told Chertov news. Chertov said that the Cadets are fools, because they do not know how to run. A week later Chertov during the break began to incite me Tirman and Golofeev to escape, said that it is very amazing to run away and nobody turns us back and said that he had got everything ready, said that there is money, weapons, said that we were going with the settlers , and then said that we would go by boat by the Sosna river to the Don and then to the shore of the Azov sea. • Two revolvers which Thiermann bought on his own money in the Chermashentsev’s shop near the Bogomolov. He said to himself and Tirman. They also said that the store where they bought was Stepan Pavlovich and his wife saw it. On the way to the Sosna we stopped Tirman take off a cab to take ordered swords.

• Near the bridge of the boatman gave 25 rubles of a piece of paper and received 6 rubles deposit , and the boatman gave the boat , in which Chertov put 3 guns, satchel , in which there were three pistols , ammunition , gunpowder 5 pounds , tobacco , matches , bullets, shot, and separately swords and axes. When we asked where he got money, he said he had sold a gold watch. We asked whose watch it was , he replied that it was his parents; it was signed L. Ch. , but he signed Leonid Chebotarev. • There is a description of the estate of the former landowner Michael Prishvin Khrushchev at the village-Levshino Solovyovsk parish. "The name of the buildings: a wooden house covered with iron, thatched kitchen, lodge opened, barnyard stone and one side covered with iron, the second disclosed. Description dead inventory: 1 odnolemeshny plow, plow dvuhlemeshny 1, 1 iron harrow, cart at full speed 1 sled kozyrki 1, sliders 1, winnower faulty 1, 2 clamps carts, arcs 2 workers, 2 saddles workers.

• According to documents, archives, books can be seen on all sorts of endeavors M. M. Prishvin in his hometown. October 1, 1918 he received a mandate: "The Department of Public Education Yelets County sees a very useful citizen Prishvin employee in a sphere of education of the masses. . . It is inappropriate to local authorities provide him every assistance and support. “ • Prishvin performs recovery program of public education. The working school board subdivision Yelets county Board of Education from November 15, 1919 decreed that he was approved as " a school employeeof the third secondary school level. " The protocol has been reported that M. M. Prishvin worked in the provincial department of public education on local history in November 1919. The writer often lectured at the University of folk dace. It is evidenced by the newspaper " Soha and hammer" on 20 and 30 November 1919 " On Sunday, November 23 will be held on reading of a new play Yelets life " under a tent " It is read by M. M. Prishvin. After reading the literature will be talked. " " On Sunday, November 30 will be a lecture M. M. Prishvin " Color and the Cross. " People's faith in relation to the literature is on the eve of the revolution “

• February 26, 1920 plenary meeting of the culturological departmen Yelets county branch of the Union of Education Workers of socialist culture and decided to " ask culturological composition of its membership to include companion Prishvin as a permanent member , which can assist in the work of the culturological departmen ", and March 6 Michael headed the department of the county After a week in Yelets it was hold a board meeting of the culturological department devoted to the subject of literary evenings in the local region. It was written in the protocol ". . . to arrange 1 - 2 evenings , focusing on local writers , in which works Yelets is described: Bunin , Prishvin, Zamyatin , Levitov , Stakhovich , Kugusheva and Nazarov. To give the program to Prishvin Konoplyantsev , Chernyakovskiy , Shchekin - Krotov, Vostokova " Michael was instructed to develop a program and evening of modern Russian literature. The last document , reflecting the work of M. M. Prishvin in Yelets. This document of the head of Yelets county of the Board of Education in Yelets' uispolkom "The Organization of business protection Yelets' archives, was assigned to a special section on the protection of archives, the head of which had previously been invited is comrade Mikhail Prishvin. In March 1920 comrade Prishvin together with archivist Mirohin inspected all the rooms in which all preserved Yelets' papers of archives are , which suffered from the invasion of Mamontov. . . "

• Among other documents describing the Prishvin 's learning in Yelets' gymnasium , you must select a note of the geography teacher Vasily Rozanov to the Director about the misconduct of a student Michael Prishvin. • " I have the honor to report to Your Excellency the following fact , happened on March 18 on the 5 lesson in class IV of your Gymnasium: in this class the student Michael Prishvin answered geography and got an unsatisfactory score , took his place at the desk and asked me with threatening words, the meaning of which was that if, because of geography , he will not go to the next class , then he will not continue studying, and if he finishes high school, he would deal with me : " I will not be and you will not be " he said among other things. Then I sat down and continued the lesson , which lasted for a few minutes. After a short time he got up and apologized and said that the above words were spoken to them in a rage , in which he generally can not restrain himself. I invited him to sit down , noticing that it would be reported to Your Excellency about his behavior. He fulfilled my wish, and said that he would apologize to the whole class and would do what was required of him, and the tone of his words was clear that he considered it right. On Saturday, I will stay after the 5 th lesson on duty with the arrested students, among whom was Michael Prishvin, because he had 2 on geography, and it was request, which was expressed, by the supervising instructor. Handing him a note in which parents are notified of his arrest and because of it, I asked him what prompted him to act of such importance, and pointing it at those apologies, asked him what he had general presentation about yourself and other people with whom he has to enter into a relationship. He expressed that he did not consider anyone else was above him , he made to stand out from the students by showing them that he is able to do what none of them dared would. Considering most action coming out of standards of school life , I thought it my duty to report all this to Your Excellency as the supreme head of school life and guard her discipline. • Teacher Rozanov. March 20, 1889 »

M. M. Prishvin. Yelets in M. M. Prishvin's image. • Mikhail Prishvin's name has two plans - real and created. On the one hand, there are real addresses on which there lived Prishvin and his native. On the other hand, "the city created by creative imagination appears occupied by artistic images". • On "The Kascheyeva chain" pages you can read "In Yelets, my hometown, all ancient merchant surnames were double”.

• Yelets was the hometown for the character and for the author. In the novel Yelets begins with the bank and the building of the bank was located at the corner of Lenin's street. • The Yelets man's gymnasium (nowadays school No. 1) became the second building connected with the life and creativity of Prishvin. “I'm doing to Elets school and live on pension along with my elder brother Nicholay in Neporozhny" - Prishvin wrote in his novel "Kashcheeva chain“ • After a schoolboy lived at the "good Germans Velgilminy Schmoll", the house which stood on the corner of the Women’s market. Today, he is listed at the address: Soviet (Assumption), House 133 • Archival documents confirm that Mikhail was in Eletskaya gymnasium from 1883 to 1889 year. Those years are the most fully reflected in Prishvin work.

• The first Yelets building was on the road from Khrushchevo to Yelets, it was Voznesensky cathedral. "The city seemed to me as only a cathedral. This white church in clear days was slightly seen from a balcony and something was heard from that party on holidays about what it was spoken: " There is a ring in the city ". Now the mysterious cathedral comes here closer and closer" • G. P. Klimova says : “Prishvin’s Yelets is the buildings which are not only remained today, but also which already disappeared under the impact of relentless time, was lost because of non- respecting to the past. • The old cathedral didn't remain. It settled down on a place of the present square near Red Square. On this area there were some temples earlier: Voznesensky church, Uspensky church, Arkhangelsk church. Nearby there was Pokrovskaya church" • In the 1880 th there was new Voznesenski cathedral on Red Square. Prishvin calls another unpreserved Church - Jail: "Protection of the show, Christmas, and, finally, the Ostrog is the same church”

• The schoolboys were often in the Gorodskoi Park, "We did not go to a high school, but right to the Gorodskoi park, the most remote bench and began thinking about the latest , well-known and great secret - that we would have to know ". Winter in the park, flooded rink, gymnasium, and there the schoolboys met with their classmates, "They sit on a bench under a tree and winter ice is swaying, melting, and waves push a boat. “ • Prishvin appreciates two important incidents of his school years: "The great difference in my life had two events in childhood and adolescence: the first - is an escape from the high school in Yelets some wonderful free country Asia, the second one saved me from school. . . "

• In "Kashcheeva" M. M. Prishvin colourfully narrates about the first travel. • The place where the trip began is located where the river Elchik runs into the Sosna " through which it was possible to get to Zasosna: "Dark blue went to the bridge, came over to that party and began to climb up by steps, looking back, on the high coast where the cathedral stood. This well-known small bench where always in the evening somebody sits and admires a distance, Dark blue sat down in the morning. He saw how travelers kissed each other with Serezha, how Serezha rose here and saw travelers eyes where the boat disappeared…"

• Archival documents confirm that some years grammar-school boy Prishvin lived in the house on Uspenskaya Street on the apartment at Velgemina Shmol. • The writer described a name of the room hostess in the novel "Kascheye a chain" without changes. In lists of apartments where grammar-school boys of the Yelets gymnasium lived, the address sounds more fully. There it is specified that Vilgemina Shmol lived in the house on Uspenskaya Street where Lyuyten's drugstore on the Market Square settled down, nowadays it is Sovetskaya Street, the house 133. • In 1917 and in 1918 he lived in the house which remained only in the photo.

• 1919 - the return period to a former gymnasium. At this time in the diary there are mentions of many Yelets places: female monastery, settlements Argamach, Luchok, Zasosensky. Prishvin describes stay in Yelets M. I. Kalinina, the chairman of the Central Electoral Committee. He acted in a building which now occupies Yelets Recreation center. • M. M. Prishvin was at the beginnings of local history work in Yelets. In the diary and in the novel "The Kascheyeva chain" is described creation of a museum which was located then in the Shopping street. Now on this place there is a Trade House.

• And today Prishvin's thoughts strike with the depth and urgency. If we want, that our children realized the homeland felt that such fatherland, we must give them such possibility. The description, a cognizance and preservation of Prishvin’s Yelets will help us to solve this problem. • Prishvin’s life was difficult: rigid and joyful. The pleasure brought participation in the nature world, its beauty that subsequently became an important subject of Prishvin’s creativity. The landscape, its beauty made a marvelous charm of the writer’s life. • Till the end of days the writer stored the memory of heart, the memory of the homeland which was filled with the deepest poetry and fed his creativity. • Prishvin shortly before his death once again looked at the picture of the " Khrushchev ". He wrote in his diary April 21, 1953 : "What is expensive to introduce this picture? ". . . Nothing dirty pond. . . two brick pillar of the gate, skinny acacia, black earth in the distance fields and canyons. And nothing, nothing to the outside eye. . . and for herself inexhaustible wealth and every minute a new. . . And such moments left in the picture of my childhood, there is no end ". Deep emotion and lyricism pervaded recollection " the nest ", which was a writer for an inexhaustible source of poetic power.

• Prishvin was not only the artist , he was also a philosopher, a scientist, he required the person’s direct reflection of the surrounding "Our Russia like our homeland, is very small, such as we see it from our own bell tower, a sense of homeland gives us an idea, similar to the feeling that in ancient times created the image of a flat earth. When knowledge was joined to the sense , the land became a ball. So Russia is our home, if we learn geography, it will become for us the fatherland: without knowledge of our country, it can never be our homeland. Prishvina - a few hours before his death, he put an end to the new version of the autobiographical novel "Kashcheeva chain" facing the native places - in the words Paustovskogo - "very Russian, very simple"

The conclusion • Mikhail Mikhaylovich Prishvin, the well-known Russian writer who was born in Yelets. • The nature and inhabitants of Yelets edge defined outlook and creative ideals of the writer. The natural world of the estate of Khrushchevo for young Prishvin was associated with his mother. The love of the native earth was always felt by the writer, and he looked for echoes of this love in the nature of other lands. Memory of the writer vividly stored an image of the small homeland, its nature which couldn't be forced out exotic beauty of another's countries. • Native people from Yelets are proud of Prishvin and keep Prishvin's creative heritage. In Yelets and Lipetsk significant dates of anniversaries of the writer are always celebrated.