The Renaissance The word Renaissance means rebirth and

The Renaissance The word Renaissance means rebirth and it is the name given to a cultural movement which began in Italy around 1350 and spread to the rest of Europe by 1600

Reasons the Renaissance began in Italy was the centre of the old Roman empire. In towns ruins were visible and were a constant reminder of the great achievements of their ancestors Forum

Coluseem reminder of the great a. Chie. Vement. S of their an. Ce. Stor. S Aquaduct

Italy was the crossroads of trade n Italy lies in the centre of the Med. And in the C 14 th trade between east and west Europe passed through Italy. Italians were in contact with eastern cultures and new ideas.

In 1453 the Turks captured Constantinople in Greece . As a result hundreds of wealthy greeks fled to Italy and brought with them old manuscripts and art. This helped create an interest in art and literature

Italy was made up of independent states, each ruled by wealthy rulers. These rulers were willing to spend their money on architecture, hire artists to decorate their houses. They were called patrons. n n n Lorenzo de Medici Ruler of Florence He spent vast amounts of money buying and translating old manuscripts, employing painters , architects and sculptors.

A Patron was a wealthy person who hired artists to paint their potrait, decorate their homes, design churches etc n Another famous patron Pope Sixtus 1 V He hired artists To decorate the Sistine chapel

Renaissance paintings were more realistic n Artists cut up human bodies so their paintings would be more realistic – this interest in the human body led to the painting of nudes, shocking to medieval people

Renaissance artists used perspective in their paintings n Perspective gives a painting depth

MEDIEVAL ARTISTS SHOWED MORE EMOTION ON THEIR SUBJECTS FACES. The Mona Lisa

Medieval artists painted on canvas instead of wood n n They used oil paints which dried slowly and allowed artists change their work. They used strong bright colours

Many renaissance paintings were frescos-a painting done directly onto wet plaster

Painted on the wall of a convent in Milan by Leonardo

Michelangelo The story of the creation Of the world From the Bible

Artists used Sfumato [shading] to make it more realistic Artists blend their subjects Into the background by Blurring the edges of the Hair and clothing

n n Born in Vinci near Florence Apprenticed to Verrocchio Accepted into Florence artists guild and worked for Lorenzo de Medici. He went to Milan and compiled a notebook full of designs for helicopters, submarines. parachutes. He was an inventor way before his time. The Flying machine

In Milan he painted n The Virgin on the rocks What painting techniques can You see? Sfumato – the transition from light To shade Perspective - depth

Note the smile on her face Perspective Sfumato Potrait No eyebrows – is it finished?

Situated in the Louvre Paris. It has her own room Behind bullet proof glass

n n Let's begin with an easy one. Who was the famous painter who created the masterpiece of "Mona Lisa"? Leonardo da Vinci painted the "Mona Lisa" from 1503 to 1506 in Italy. In addition to being a talented painter, he was an inventor and a scientist. n n Where does the painting hang today? The Louvre Museum in France. Though painted in Italy, since the 16 th century, when she came into the possession of Francois I, King of France, she has remained in that country. She currently hangs in the famous Louvre museum, where she has been since 1804 and now has her own room. n n What was the real name of the woman who posed as "Mona Lisa"? Lisa Gherardini Giocondo. Lisa Gheradini Giocondo was about 25 when she posed for Leo's painting. She was the daughter and wife of wealthy men and it is believed her husband paid Leo for her to be painted. She started as Mia Donna Lisa (my lady Lisa) and it got shorted to Monna Lisa. Due to a spelling error in English it is now known as "Mona Lisa". She is called "La Giocondo" in Italian and "La Joconde" in French. (By the way, 'materassino ad aria' is Italian for air mattress. ) n n What was the "Mona Lisa" painted on? poplar wood panel. da Vinci used oil paints on a poplar wood panel. The panel is 30 inches tall and about 20 inches wide. n n When was the "Mona Lisa" stolen? 1911. Employee Vincenzo Peruggia smuggled her out under his smock when he was in the room alone in the Louvre. Two years later, in 1913, she was returned after he attempted to sell the painting in Florence. n n Was the "Mona Lisa" insured when she was returned after being stolen? n. The "Mona Lisa" is valued as a priceless item and is not insured. n n Approximately how many people visit the "Mona Lisa" each year? 6 million. Over 6 million people visit the Louvre every year and the "Mona Lisa" is viewed by nearly all of them. n n During World War II, was the "Mona Lisa" taken out of the museum for her safety? y. The Louvre actually boarded up almost all of the works of art and sent them away by train to protect them during the war. n n One of the reasons that the "Mona Lisa" is considered such an amazing painting is due to the revolutionary new technique Leonardo used. What was it? blending light and shade. The blending of light and shade Leonardo used is called sfumato. n n Other artists have made many reproductions and alterations to the painting. Who was the artist that added a mustache and goatee on "Mona Lisa"? Marcel Duchamp. He added this to a postcard in 1919 bearing the "Mona Lisa" and it became his most famous painting.

n n Famous artist and sculptor At 13 apprenticed to Ghirlandaio Invited by Lorenzo to join his school for sculptors

Supposed to represent David Immediately before his battle With Goliath 5 m high White marble

Statue of the dead Jesus lying in the arms of Mary White marble Damaged in 1972

The story of the Creation Of Man

The Last Judgment

Pope Julius 11 tomb The central figure is Moses

Renaissance Artist outside Italy 1. He was the son of a Hungarian goldsmith based in Nuremberg in southern Germany but after 3 years studying his fathers trade he decided to become a painter 2. He became an apprentice at the age of 15 and learnt painting and wood and copper engraving skills. 3. He did engravings in wood called Woodcuts, which were then inked over and used to illustrate books. 4. With the help of a mirror he painted a self- portrait, the first done by a Renaissance artist.

5. He also painted landscapes not just as a backdrop but for their own sakes. n The Great piece of turf He is considered one of the first European landscape artists due to his watercolours

He had some beautiful nature studies Note the detail. You can see every Whisker and hair You can almost feel the Texture of his fur

Little Owl n A small owl, warm , meek and gentle. Shows character and lovely textures

Renaissance Writers

His plays are divided into Comedies. Tragedies. histories Born Stratford on Avon 1564 Actor Poet Playwright Married Anne Hathaway Involved in the Globe Theatre All 38 plays were Performed there

The Theatre had no roof. It was burnt down in 1613 and rebuilt In 1997.

Shakespeare's plays can be divided into Romeo and Juliet Hamlet A Midsummers Nights Dream Julius Caesar Henry V

He is famous for his Sonnets ie 14 line poems, mostly about love n n n n Like as the waves make towards the pebbled shore, So do our minutes hasten to their end, Each changing place with that which goes before In sequent toil all forwards do contend. Nativity, once in the main of light, Crawls to maturity, wherewith, being crowned, Crooked eclipses 'gainst his glory fight And Time that gave, doth now his gift confound. Time doth transfix the flourish set on youth, And delves the parallels in beauty's brow, Feeds on the rarities of natures truth, And nothing stands but for his scythe to mow; And yet, to times, in hope, my verse shall stand, Praising thy worth, despite his cruel hand.

Francesco Petrarch n n Born in Florence 1304 He wrote several important books in Latin on a wide variety of subjects eg Concerning Famous Men- dealt with the achievements of men of the past especially the Greeks and Romans. He wrote poems to a woman called Laura. This collection of 14 line sonnets was called the Canzoniere. They were written in Italian ie in the vernacular. ie the language of the people. Niccolo Machiavelli - The Prince

n n Middle Ages Knowledge of medicine was poor Galen was a Greek physician who dissected animals to try to understand more about the human body. , therefore all his findings were not correct. He believed blood came from the liver and the liver pumped it around the body. The catholic church thought it was wrong to dissect bodies so there was very little advances in medicine.

Father of modern anatomy He studied medicine and became a professor of anatomy He dissected bodies himself to see how they worked He wrote a 7 volumne book “On the structure of The human body “ including 270 pictures of bones, Muscles, heart and brain. This was a detailed and Accurate study of the human body.

He proved blood is pumped around the Body by the heart. He proved Galen incorrect