
5409b78f63c754c356f59d0df1e3d748.ppt
- Количество слайдов: 30
The Prehistoric Aegean Terminology & Chronology
archaeological vs. political • Near East • Middle East • Anatolia • Turkey • Mesopotamia • Levant • Iraq & Eastern Syria • Israel, Jordan, (Palestine) Syria & Lebanon
Middle/Near East
Stone Age • Old Palaeolithic 25, 000 -8, 300 bc • Middle Mesolithic 8, 300 -6, 500 bc • New Neolithic 6, 500 -3, 100 bc
Bronze Age Arthur Evans, Knossos, 1921 -1935 Tripartite division of Bronze Age Early Bronze Age EBA Middle Bronze Age MBA Late Bronze Age LBA • Cp. Old, Middle, New Kingdom in Egypt
Greece
Regional Bronze Age Nomenclature Crete Minoan (Minos - mythical king) Cyclades Cycladic (Aegean island chain) Mainland Helladic (Hellas = Greece) • Early EBA • Middle MBA • Late LBA EM EC EH (3100 -2000) MM MC MH (2000 -1650) LM LC LH (1600 -1050)
Alternative Minoan Chronology (Palaces of Knossos, Phaistos, Mallia & Zakro) • Pre-palatial EM I - MM IA (ca. 3100/3000 -1925/1900 B. C. ) • Protopalatial (Old Palace) MM IB - MM IIB (ca. 1925/1900 -1750/1720 B. C. ) • Neopalatial (New Palace) MM IIIA - LM IB (ca. 1750/1720 -1490/1470 B. C. ) • Post-palatial LM IIIA-C (ca. 1490/1470 -1075/1050 B. C. )
Greece
Prehistory vs. history • • • Palaeolithic Mesolithic Neolithic Bronze Age Dark/Iron Age • • • Archaic Classical Hellenistic Roman Byzantine
The Peoples • Greeks, Mycenaeans, Danaans, Argives, Achaeans • Trojans, Dardans • Trojan Allies: Zeleians, Paeonians, Ciconians, Thracians, Phrygians, Mysians, Maeonians, Carians, Lycians, Pelasgians, Paphlagonians
Hittite Empire • Cuneiform script & Luwian Hieroglyphics adapted for Hittite language • Wilusa, Ilios, Ilium • Taruisa, Tarwiza, Troy • Ahhiya(wa), Achaea
Hittite Evidence… • Troy, Ilium, & Achaea real places! • Homeric World gains credibility • So what do we know about Greek Prehistory from Archaeological Evidence?
Beginning of Bronze Age in Greece • Agricultural population • Metal-working from Anatolia? • Fast-spinning potter’s wheel
Early Helladic Sites: Lerna & Tsoungiza
Tsoungiza: House A • • Wall 1. 1 m thick Why so thick? Room 0. 9 m wide Why so wide?
House A Reconstruction • 1 Room 0. 9 m wide
Corridor Houses of EHII
• House of Tiles Distribution • Same dimensions, different sizes • Shared Culture? • Organized Relationships?
• EHII Architecture • Common Design • Megaron style
EH Agriculture • EHII figurine • Domestic animals
Complex Culture: fine pottery & quality metalwork
EHII Sealings from Lerna’s House of Tiles • Personal Property • Social Hierarchy • Trade
• Massive fortification walls at EHII Lerna, • Jutting Towers • Approaches force exposure of weapon side - conscious of serious threat?
Lerna Fortifications
Invasion? • EHII destructions widespread, coupled with major cultural changes • Switch from orthogonal corridor houses to mostly apsidal houses in EHIII • Disappearance of popular EHII pottery shapes • Collapse of complex society • Depopulation of surrounding areas
EHIII Apsidal House
EHII Sauceboats disappear
New Pottery Types: Pattern-painted, heavy dark-burnished
? ? ? ? • Who are these people? • Where do they come from?