The Past Perfect
The past perfect What does this expression mean? “That’s perfect!” ! זה מושלם
The past perfect talks about 2 actions that were completed in the past …. ( )מושלם
The past perfect = TIME MACHINE
The past perfect is used to go further back in time when we are already talking about the past. It lets us understand that one action happened BEFORE another action…. In the PAST!
The past perfect When dealing with the past perfect ask yourself………. . WHAT HAPPENED FIRST? Sequence of events!
Sequence of events! Past Perfect Simple Timeline FIRST ACTION SECOND ACTION
Form FIRST ACTION = past perfect form HAD (for all pronouns!) + V 3 SECOND ACTION = past simple form V 2
Think…What happened first? When she called he had already left his house. FIRST ACTION: he left his house SECOND ACTION: she called
Again…. I ran to the store but it had closed. SECOND ACTION Really far back FIRST ACTION past
Form The first event always takes the past perfect. HAD + V 3 The second event always takes the past simple V 2
Examples: I had never seen such a beautiful beach before I went to Hawaii…. FIRST ACTION: Never seeing a beautiful sunset HAD + V 3 (seen) SECOND ACTION: Going to Hawaii V 2 (went)
Your turn… didn’t have I _____ (not have) any had lost money because I _______ (lose) my wallet. First, I lost my wallet And because of that I didn’t have any money
Positive sentences I had already done the shopping by the time that she came home. Subject + HAD + V 3 I had done
Negative Statements The thief walked into the store because I had not locked the door. subject + had + not + V 3 I had not locked
Y/N Questions Had I locked the door before I left the store? Had + subject + V 3 Had I locked
WH Questions What had she done before she got to work? WH word + had + subject+ V 3 What had she done
Time Expressions when Her husband had already made dinner when she came home. by the time… By the time he finished his homework she had left for school. Before They had arrived before we called them. after I was tired after I had run a marathon.