The Passive Voice Страдательный Залог Formation of the

The Passive Voice Страдательный Залог

Formation of the Passive Voice To be + V3

Definition Active Passive People or things do something themselves. Something happens to people or things. Who or what did the action is unknown or unimportant. Object in the Active Subject in Passive Active: They built this house in 1989 Passive: This house was built in 1989. The Passive is a way of forming the sentence so that the focus is on the person or thing receiving the action.

Why use Passive?

Give, send, show, lend, teach, leave, promise, offer, pay, sell, tell, refuse smth. smb. Direct Object refers to things Indirect Object refers to people She gave the car to her sister. She gave her sister the car. Both of these structures can be Passive The car was given to her sister. Her sister was given the car. Verbs with two objects 1. Passive with indirect object is more common. 1. 2.

Explain, read, dictate, describe, point out, announce, mention, repeat, declare, introduce, present, prove, demonstrate, report, suggest. smth. Direct Object refers to things The rule was explained to us. The book was read to me. The place was described to us. Verbs with one direct object 2. Passive We were explained the rule.

Teach, envy, forgive smb. Indirect Object refers to people The child was forgiven for the bad behavior. Rich people are often envied. I was taught a serious lesson. Verbs with one indirect object 3. Passive

4. Verbs with prepositions To agree with/to/on The contract was agreed on. To call for The doctor was called for immediately. To count on His experience can be counted on. To deal with He is dealt with very easily. To hear of This artist is much heard of. To insist on The wedding was insisted on. To laugh at His is often laughed at because of his looks. To look after The children are looked after well at school. To pay attention to Education is paid much attention to nowadays. To rely on Good friends are always relied on. To send for The nurse was send for when he felt bad. To speak about The film was much spoken about. To think of This actor is not thought of too much. To write about This play is much written about. To listen to This lecture was listened to very attentively. To operate on The dog was operated on right after the accident. To take care of The teeth are bad, they are not taken care of properly.

Sell, wash, wear, bake, read, iron, read, wear Active verb – passive meaning 5. Detectives sell well. The dress washes and wears well. The cake is still baking. Детективы хорошо продаются. Платье хорошо стирается и носится. Пирог все еще печется.

BY for agents WITH for instruments, tools, weapons, materials If you want to say who did the action or what caused the action, use BY or WITH. The house was built BY my grandfather. It was destroyed BY fire. The room was filled WITH smoke. The wood can be cut WITH a knife.

Get instead of be+V3 in Passive To say that smth. happens to somebody especially if this is unplanned or unexpected. 1. 2. When things happen or change! We don’t use GET for the state. In informal spoken English. 3. You cannot use get in these sentences: Jill is liked by everybody,(not 'gets liked' - this is not a 'happening') He was a mystery man. Nothing was known about him. (not 'got known') There was a fight at the party but nobody got hurt. (= nobody was hurt) I don't often get invited to parties. (= I'm not often invited) 4. We also use get in the following expressions (which are not passive in meaning): Get married Get divorced Get dressed Get changed

It is said that….He is said to… Henry is very old. Nobody knows how old he is. It is said that he is 100 years old. He is said to be 100 years old. To be thought, believed, considered, reported, known, expected, understood… It is believed that she works 16 hours a day. She is believed to work 16 hours a day.

Practice Complete with the verb in present simple and passive form. 1. He (find) in the garden . 2. She (tell) a story. 3. These cars (repair) by the mechanics. 4. People (allow) to walk on the grass . 5. Wine (produce) all over the world . 6. Sugar (add) to help fermentation. 7. Money (collect) to help this family. 8. Children (chase) by the horse . 9. The eggs (eat) with some bread. 10. The bottles (sell) to the wine dealers.

Practice 1. Human beings are destroying the rainforests = The rainforests by human beings. 2. The woman is pouring water on the pavement = Water on the pavement by the woman. 3. The boys are throwing papers on the road = Papers on the road by the boys. 4. The fishermen are putting a liquid in the lake = A liquid in the lake by the fishermen. 5. The sellers are using plastic papers to cover foods = Plastic papers to cover foods by the sellers. 6. The child is breaking the table = The table by the child. 7. The students are learning English = English by the students. 8. The scientists are catching the butterflies with a net = The butterflies with a net by the scientists. 9. The girl is washing two babies = Two babies by the girl. 10. The father is hugging the child = The child by the father

Practice Open the brackets and use the verb in the appropriate form of the Passive Voice. 1, The first draft resolution (not discuss) yesterday; it (withdraw) long before the beginning of the meeting. 2. He is not in town; he (send) on a special mission, 3. Don't come into the compartment; the berth (fix) now. 4. A new underground line (construct) now. They say one of its stations (build) in my street. 5. He wants to know when the final decision (take). The activities of the committee and their delays already much (speak) about. 6. It was three o'clock. We (tell) to hurry up because we (wait). 7. Do you believe that such a problem can (solve)? 8. It must (do) without delays. 9. On September 9, 1850, California (admit) to the Union as the thirty-first state. 10. Don't speak in a loud voice: we (listen). 11. The plan (approve)? — No, it (discuss) now. — How long it (discuss)? 12. By the time he arrives everything (settle). 13. Not all the necessary things (buy) for our trip that's why the departure (postpone). 14. The money (lend) to him two months ago, but it (not give) back yet. 15. The business day was in high gear: the mail (look) through, documents (type), letters (answer), talks (hold). 16. Wait a minute. The table (lay). 17. Dynamite (invent) by Alfred Bernhard Nobel. 18. This exercise may (write) with a pencil. 19. This work (do) before you went to Moscow? 20. If you (ask) about it, will you be able to answer?

Change the following sentences into the Passive Voice. A using the Indefinite Tenses (give two forms where possible). Example: Tom gave her a book. — She was given a book. The book was given to her. 1. He broke my watch. 2. The teacher explained the rule to the students. 3. He often asks me to help them. 4. They usually do written exercises in class. 5. She will make a new discovery soon. 6. Steve will make a report at the conference. 7» They play tennis all year round, 8. His friends never forgave his betrayal, 9, The manager offers me several jobs. 10. They will promise you much, but don't imagine they will give you everything. 11. His parents regularly sent him parcels with fruit from their garden. 12. They will give me a leave in July if there is no urgent work. 13. The Spanish government offered Columbus three ships, 14. They usually send their children to camp for summer. 15. The officer charged him with a very important mission, 16, I'm sure we'll settle the matter easily. 17. The policeman fined the driver for exceeding the speed limit 18. Somebody calls her every day. 19. We request the passengers leaving for London to register. 20. The manager will sign contracts tomorrow. Practice

Change the following sentences into the Passive Voice. Example: He can do this work. — The work can be done (by him). 1. She can find a job easily. 2, The matter is urgent. They should phone her immediately. 3, The boss wants Mr. Black. You must find him. 4. I can make an interesting offer to you. 5. He's get a pay rise and low they can buy a new house. 6, You must send the document as quickly as possible. 7. The weather is warm. She may plant the flowers. 8. The document is of great importance. He must show it to us. 9. He must give back the book on Sunday. 10. Their kitchen is large and they can use it as a dining room. 11. Ecologists say that we should take care of our planet", 12. You must send for the doctor immediately. 13. The lecture is over. You may ask questions. 14. You should avoid the center of town during1 rush hours. 15. They agreed that the club should raise membership fee. Practice