The Ottoman Empire 1280 -1918 1 The

The Ottoman Empire 1280 -1918 1

The Ottomans were: ·Turkish (capital Istanbul) ·Muslim ·The largest empire in the world

Osman I (Othman): 1299 -1326

Tamerlane (1336 -1405) or “Timur, the Lame”

Mehmet I: 1413 -1421

Mehmet II (“the Conqueror”), who ruled from 1451 -1481 6 http: //home. earthlink. net/ ~snailstales 2/fatih. jpg

The Fall of Constantinople: 1453

The End of the Byzantine Empire

Islam and the Ottoman Empire ·Sultan = caliph (head of Islam) ·Divided the empire into Millets (religious groups) ·Divided the world into “the House of Islam” and the “House of War” 10

The Ottoman Bureaucracy SULTAN Divans (Governors) Heads of Religious Millets Social/Military Divans Jews Muslims Local Administrators/Military Christians Landowners/Tax Collectors

Selim I, ”the Grim”: 1512 -1520

Suleyman the Magnificent (or “the Law Giver, ” ruled 1520 -1566 12 http: //commons. wikimedia. org/ wiki/Image: Suleyman_young. jpg

Summary of the devshirme system: ·Slaves were taken from any non-Muslim areas. Race and language didn’t matter. ·Slaves were given jobs according to their interests and abilities. (Slaves did NOT do agricultural work – as American slaves did. ) 16

Devshirme (devşirme) 17 http: //www. pravoslavie. domainbg. com/ images/iljustracii/devshirme. jpg

Importance of the System: ·Government positions were based on merit, not on birth. ·Slaves were loyal to the sultan. – They owed their rank to him, and they had no powerful families to support them if they rebelled. ·When the system ended in the mid-1600 s, the government and military declined. 18

Three Ottoman Strengths:

1. Control of Trade ·Location on the east/west trade route ·Control of the Waterways

2. Wealth from trade

Sultan’s headpiece, decorated with gold, emeralds, rubies, diamonds, and pearls 27 www. tourism. gov. tr

Jeweled Dagger 28 www. ee. bilkent. edu. tr/~history/ Pictures 2/topkapi_dagger_1746. jpg

Golden cradle 29 www. ee. bilkent. edu. tr/~history/Pictures 2/goldencradle_16 cc. jpg

Gold dishes (for eating sweetmeats) 30 www. ee. bilkent. edu. tr/~history/Pictures 2/Yeni/trea 1. JP G

The gate of the Topkapi Palace, the oldest and largest of the remaining palaces in the world. 31 http: //www. bibleplaces. com/istanbul. htm

It’s a huge palace - the outer wall surrounding it is 3 miles long. 32 http: //www. iconofile. com/events/images/topkapi. jpg

The Blue Mosque 33 http: //lloydi. com/travel-writing/turkey/wallpaper/blue-mosque-1 x 7. jpg

Inside the Blue Mosque 34 http: //cache. eb. com/eb/image? id=95924&rend. Type. Id=4

3. Superior technology (the benefit of diffusion)

Ottoman Sipahi (cavalry) 21 http: //www. osmanischesreich. com/Geschichte/Armee/Heerwesen_I/Sipahi 1530. jpg

Janissaries

Musket Cannon Swords

How did the empire end? The Europeans destroyed their strengths.

Ottoman Strength #1: Control of trade. ·Europeans broke this strength by going around Africa and gaining control of trade.

Ottoman Strength #2: Wealth ·Discovery of the New World leads to great wealth for Europe from the gold and silver found there.

Ottoman Strength #3: Technology ·The technology of Europeans surpassed the Ottoman superiority especially in production of guns and munitions and other products necessary for war.

Until the 18 century, the Ottoman Empire was one of the greatest empires in the world. th 43

Conquerors__Suleyman_the_Magnificent. asf Attachments