THE NUTS AND BOLTS OF RESEARCH FUNDING Alicia

THE NUTS AND BOLTS OF RESEARCH FUNDING Alicia J. Knoedler, CRA, Ph. D Assistant Vice President for Research Director, Center for Research Program Development and Enrichment

Overview • Your instructor • Why do I need grant money? • Types of Grant Funding • Sources of Grant Funding • How do I get grant money? • Searching for Funding Opportunities • Grant Terminology • Grant Writing • Questions/Discussion

Alicia J. Knoedler, CRA, Ph. D • Associate Vice President for Research • Director, Center for Research Program Development and Enrichment • Ph. D (1996) in Cognitive Psychology from Purdue University • CRA – Certified Research Administrator (2004) • Taught Research Methods and Statistics for 8 years • Grant writer and proposal development specialist for over 9 years • Nitpicky perfectionist for over 35 years • Specialty – knowledge of government, military, and private foundation funding for training programs, basic science, multidisciplinary research, and applied science

Why Do I Need Grant Money? • Because I need it…. • You need what grant money can buy to do your innovative, cutting edge research and/or programs • Building a record of funding • May be a criterion for employment, tenure/promotion • May need it to pay your salary • Will make you a more competitive job candidate • Prestige • Respect • Funds for discretionary spending

Why Do I Need Grant Money? • Graduate Students • Stipend/Summer salary • Tuition • Materials (incl. Equipment) • Project-Related Travel • Subject payments • Access to equipment • Undergraduate Research Assistants Just Say No! Government Grant Funds will not* pay for… • Books or other publications • Professional Society Memberships • Lab Refreshments • Travel from home to lab • Furniture for the lab • Equipment that is not research-project related • Express mail (fed-ex) • Personal computers • There always exceptions – the key is “project-related”

Why Do I Need Grant Money? • Postdoctoral Fellows/Trainees • All those items listed previously, and… • Graduate and Undergraduate Research Assistants • Faculty • All the items listed previously, and… • Funds for Graduate Research Assistants and Postdocs (especially stipends and tuition) • Project-Related Collaborator Travel and Communication • Salary in academic year buys course releases • Project-Related Equipment

Types of Grant Funding • Grant • • • vs. Fellowship vs. Contract vs. Cooperative Agreement vs. Award vs. Gift vs. Scholarship • Types of Grants • • Research grant Travel grant Conference grant Curriculum development grant Collaborative grant Dissertation grant Postdoctoral grant External vs. internal

Sources of Grant Funding • Government - $$$ • Military - $$$ • Corporations - $$ • Foundations - $ to $$$ • Organizations - $ • Internal Funds (available at the university) - $ • The availability of these funds depends on the match between the grant program and the proposed project

How do I get grant money? • Determine why you need grant money • Determine how much you need • Find grant/funding opportunities that fit the two issues above as well as fit your project idea/topic • Apply for that grant/funding • Develop a unique, innovative, and fundable project idea • Get as much advice and assistance as you can when applying for a grant • Expect to be turned down many times before success!!!!! • Get the funds, spend them wisely, and apply for more grants

How do I get grant money? • Graduate Students • First and second-year students • NSF Graduate Research Fellowships (www. nsf. gov/grfp) • Post-comps, pre-dissertation • NIH National Research Service Awards – Predoctoral (F 31) • http: //grants. nih. gov/grants/guide/pa-files/PA-10 -108. html- Individual (general) • http: //grants. nih. gov/grants/guide/pa-files/PA-10 -109. html- Diversity based • http: //grants. nih. gov/grants/guide/pa-files/PA-10 -107. html - MD/Ph. D students (F 30) • http: //grants. nih. gov/grants/guide/pa-files/PAR-10 -211. html - for graduate students in nursing • Others at: http: //grants. nih. gov/training/F_files_nrsa. htm • NSF Doctoral Dissertation Improvement Grants www. nsf. gov/funding/pgm_summ. jsp? pims_id=13453 (SBE serves as an example) • Spencer Foundation, Dissertation Fellowships for Research Related to Education http: //www. spencer. org/content. cfm/dissertation-fellowships-in-education-program • American Association of University Women (AAUW), Dissertation Fellowshipshttp: //www. act. org/aauw/amdissert/ • Several others depending on disciplines • Check with your discipline’s professional society for other possibilities (APA; SPSSI; IEEE; etc. )

How do I get grant money? • Postdoctoral Fellows/Trainees • NIH NRSA Postdoctoral Fellowship (F 32) • • http: //grants. nih. gov/grants/guide/pa-files/PA-10 -110. html NIH Pathway to Independence (PI) Award (K 99/R 00) http: //grants. nih. gov/grants/guide/pa-files/PA-10 -063. html NSF Minority Postdoctoral Research Fellowships and Supporting Activities – http: //www. nsf. gov/funding/pgm_summ. jsp? pims_id=13454 Minority Fellowship Program (APA) - http: //www. apa. org/mfp/ National Institutes of Health Loan Repayment Program http: //www. lrp. nih. gov/about/extramural/index. htm NIH Post-Doctoral Visiting Fellow Program http: //www. training. nih. gov/postdoctoral/vf. asp NIH Postdoctoral Research & Training Opportunities (Intramural or at NIH campuses) - http: //www. training. nih. gov/postdoctoral/pdopps. asp There are other opportunities that may be discipline specific or population specific (Ford Foundation Minority Postdoc)

How do I get grant money? • Faculty • Individual or Collaborative grants for basic science -> NSF, • • • NIH, DOE, NASA, DOD, DARPA, Foundations, some Industry, etc. Large Collaborative Programs/Centers for basic or translational science –> NSF, NIH, etc. , Foundations Training grants for graduate students and postdocs –> NIH, NSF, etc. Applied and/or contract research –> Military, Corporations Seed/Pilot Funds –> Internal to institutions Sabbatical Funds –> Foundations, perhaps some government sponsors (depends on the discipline) Funds to complete a book -> NEH, SSRC, Foundations (depends on the discipline)

Searching for Funding Opportunities • Community of Science - http: //fundingopps. com/cgi- bin/fo 2/search • Grants. gov - Find http: //www. grants. gov/applicants/find_grant_opportunities. jsp • Grants Net - AAAS http: //sciencecareers. sciencemag. org/funding? CFID=18956& CFTOKEN=20417659 • Foundation Finder (from the Foundation Center) http: //foundationcenter. org/findfunders/foundfinder/ • Grantsline (at Notre Dame) - http: //grantsline. nd. edu/ • Database, UC Riverside http: //or. ucr. edu/RD/Search. Or. aspx • Large list of others: http: //opd. tamu. edu/fundingopportunities

Searching for Funding Opportunities • Lists of Funding Opportunities – Arts and Humanities focused • http: //isla. nd. edu/for-faculty/external-funding/search-for-funding/ • http: //humanities. osu. edu/studentinfo/grads/gradexternalfunding. cf m • http: //www. grad. washington. edu/students/fa/calendar. shtml • http: //www. la. psu. edu/CLA-Deans_Area/research/calendar. htm • http: //resfacil. msu. edu/groups/Funding. Hum. Arts. Res/wiki/1 e 59 c/Art s_and_Humanities_by_Category. html

Searching for Funding Opportunities • Graduate Student Focused: • University of Notre Dame • • https: //apps. nd. edu/gfs/index. cfm? Main. Search Cornell - http: //www. gradschool. cornell. edu/? p=132 Michigan State: http: //staff. lib. msu. edu/harris 23/grants/3 gradinf. htm Harvard: http: //gsasgrants. fas. harvard. edu/ggg. cgi UCLA: http: //www. gdnet. ucla. edu/asis/grapes/search. asp Purdue: https: //ias. itap. purdue. edu/rgs/wfd_funding. Search_form University of Maryland: http: //www. arhu. umd. edu/graduate/fellowships/database Columbia: http: //www. ais. columbia. edu/sws/gsas/search. php Yale: http: //studentgrants. yale. edu/search. asp and http: //bin. yale. edu/~etb 6/fdb-index. html

Grants Alerts • Community of Science • National Science Foundation: https: //service. govdelivery. com/service/multi_sub scribe. html? code=USNSF&custom_id=823 • National Institutes of Health: http: //grants. nih. gov/grants/guide/listserv. htm and http: //www. nih. gov/Subscriptions. htm • Grants. gov: http: //www. grants. gov/applicants/email_subscript ion. jsp

Grant Terminology Sponsor PI = Principal Investigator Co-I or Co-PI = co-Investigator * Postdoctoral Fellow (senior personnel) Research Associate (senior personnel) Research Assistant (senior personnel) Consultant Subcontractor Prime or lead institution Percent effort

Questions so far…

Grant Terminology • Budget Terminology • Direct costs • Salary (AY [sabbatical and course release] and summer) • Fringe benefits (the AY and Summer rates) • Other direct costs • Modified Total Direct Costs (MTDC) • Indirect costs (aka Facilities and Administrative or F&A costs) – rates vary by institution and type and location of research • Total costs = direct costs + indirect costs • Unallowable costs • Cost sharing – asking the institution to split costs with the funding agency

Characteristics of a Fundable Idea • Has some outcome – solves a problem, takes an innovative approach, fills in gaps in known outcomes, will inform policy and/or procedures, commercial application, etc. • Is motivated by sound theory • Advances theory • Can be realistically executed (has rational plans) • Has been thoroughly considered • Inspires enthusiasm from PI and reviewers • Fits a general funding program type • Has specific goals or aims • Balances risk and success • Fits the sponsor’s priorities

Common Grant Sections/Questions • All grant applications are different, but you can create some of your own boilerplate language to use over and over again • Describe your prior research experience • Describe your short-term research goals • Describe your long-term career goals • Describe your current project and expected outcome • Details are important • Show some thought, planning • Get feedback from experienced writers and reviewers

Common Grant Sections/Questions • Goals – What are goals? • My goal is to earn a Ph. D and take a job as an assistant professor at a research institution • My goal is to improve my methodology skills by taking additional courses during my training • SMART Goals • • • S = Specific (who, what, when, why, which, why) M = Measurable A = Attainable R = Realistic T = Tangible • Your goals can never be stated too specifically • Goals vs Objectives vs Aims

Tips for Successful Grant Writing Three Common Problems… • LACK OF LOGICAL THOUGHT AND COMMUNICATION • NOT FOLLOWING THE INSTRUCTIONS • MISSING THE BIG PICTURE

Typical Sections of a Grant Proposal Cover Page (Face Page, cover letter, etc. ) Abstract (Summary, description) Table of Contents Research Plan (project description, narrative) – structure varies by program/agency • Timeline or work plan • Listing of personnel and their effort on the project • Biosketches (vita, resumes) • Prior research or project funding (current and pending support, other support) • Budget and budget justification • Facilities and Resources • Appendices (attachments) • •

Proposal Process and Getting Help • Decide to pursue external funding • Find funding opportunity (trouble, contact crpde@ou. edu) • Decide to complete a proposal – complete an OU Infosheet • • • (http: //research. ou. edu/proposal/infosheet/infotype/Info. Main_2 008. asp) Need help in planning and developing proposal content and/or would like someone to read and give comments – contact crpde@ou. edu Office of Research Services (ORS) will contact you about budget, forms, deadlines and other requirements Submit proposal early and wait 3 -6 months for a decision If you receive a grant, ORS will assist If you do not receive a grant, CRPDE can help you by going over your reviews with you and planning a revision

Why you need help… • To compete with all of this:

Tips for Successful Grant Writing 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. Understand how time, money, and project scope of work all work together Be flexible - If you want grant money, you need to figure out how to tweak your research ideas/approach to get it Market your project to the appropriate agency/agencies Know current priorities for funding agencies Read the guidelines and find help to understand them Don’t assume that you know everything, even after you have 20 years of continuous funding (rules change fast) Spend your money wisely, guided by what you proposed Go for grants rather than contracts (contracts have more restrictions) Revisions – respect reviewer comments and address them Start small and build

Tips for Successful Grant Writing Start early on grants/proposals – VERY EARLY 12. Make friends with a good research/ grants administrator 13. Develop collaborative relationships among colleagues 14. Develop a sequential plan for funding that includes independent and collaborative research 15. Publish and otherwise become well-known in your field 16. Expect (and do what is necessary) to obtain a strong record of funding OVER TIME 17. Seek internal funding to get projects started or to start new lines of research 18. Get to know program officers who manage the programs to which you will apply 19. Get feedback whenever and wherever you can on your grant proposals 20. Be persistent and don’t give up; persistence pays off 11.

Questions/Discussion

Contacts • CRPDE – http: //crpde. ou. edu • Alicia Knoedler, Director • aknoedler@ou. edu • Cindy Clark, Center Administrator • cgclark@ou. edu • crpde@ou. edu • Office of Research Services - http: //research. ou. edu/