The Neuropeptide Oxytocin Regulates Parochial Altruism in Intergroup

The Neuropeptide Oxytocin Regulates Parochial Altruism in Intergroup Conflict Among Humans Group № 3

Oxytocin The Neuropeptide Oxytocin Regulates Parochial Altruism Intergroup Conflict Parochial Altruism in Intergroup Conflict Among Humans

Presentation Structure

1 st Experiment Does oxytocin stimulates… In-Group Love Out-Group Hate ? In-Group Love & Out-Group Hate

1 st Experiment Option s Outco me was Each kept KEEP CONTRIBUTE TO WITHINGROUP POOL CONTRIBUTE TO BETWEENGROUP POOL worth Each added to each in-group member AND subtracted from each out-group member

In-Group Member Participant IN-GROUP LOVE Decision Analysis Within-Group Beneficial for the group Between. Beneficial for the group Group Pool MAX group outcome Altruistic, directed towards in-group members Intentionally hurts out-group members NEUTRAL FOR THE OUT-GROUP HATE Out-Group Member

1 st Experiment Results 1 Placebo condition Oxytocin Condition in-group love No effect to the out-group hate

2 1 st Experiment Results Participants were classified by their dominant strategy Egoists In-group lovers Out-group haters Gave more to themselves Contributed more to in-group love Contributed more to out-group hate KEEP Within. Group Pool Between. Group Pool

1 st Experiment Results 2 Participants distribution changes 60% 58% 52% 50% 40% 17% 20% 30% 28% 20% 10% 0% Egoists In-group Lovers Out-Group Haters 25% Placebo Oxytocin

3 1 st Experiment Results Expectations were analyzed In-group Trust Expectation that in-group members will contribute to within-group pool Out-group Distrust Expectation that out-group members will contribute to between-group pool

3 1 st Experiment Results = in-group trust = No significant effect to the out-group distrust

1 st Experiment Summary 1 Oxytocin promotes in-group love 2 Oxytocin increases the number of “in-group lovers” 3 Oxytocin promotes in-group trust 4 Out-group hate, out-group distrust and number of out-group haters is not affected by the oxytocin

Can we generalize the effects of oxytocin across cooperative and non-cooperative individuals?

2 nd Experiment Is it possible to generalize the effects of oxytocin on parochial altruism found in Experiment 1 across cooperative and noncooperative people ?

2 nd Experiment Design 1 stage Standard Social Values Test 9 Choices between distribution of outcomes Oneself Anonymous Other Cooperative choice Non-Cooperative choice At least 6 out of 9 COOPERATIVE CHOICES Cooperator At least 6 out of 9 NON- COOPERATIVE CHOICES Non-Cooperator

2 nd Experiment Design 2 stage Prisoners Dilemma Game identical to Experiment 1

2 nd Experiment Results IN-GROUP LOVE COOPERATORS NONCOOPERATORS OUT_GROUP HATE Increased in-group love among both for cooperators and non-cooperators Oxytocin did not affect out-group hate

2 nd Experiment Results IN-GROUP TRUST COOPERATORS NONCOOPERATORS OUT_GROUP DISTRUST Increased in-group trust among both for cooperators and non-cooperators Oxytocin did not influenced out-group distrust

2 nd Experiment Summary 1 2 3 Oxytocin promotes in-group love among both initially cooperative and non-cooperative individuals Oxytocin promotes in-group trust among both initially cooperative and non-cooperative individuals Out-group hate, out-group distrust are not affected by the oxytocin

Oxytocin does not motivate out-group hate and aggression. But, it is possible that it modulates defensive aggression against out-group.

3 rd Experiment Whether or not oxytocin promotes defensive aggression against out-group to protect in-group members ?

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