The Militarization of America At What Cost Prepared

The Militarization of America At What Cost? Prepared by Jean Athey Peace Action Montgomery www. Peace. Action. MC. org

2

3

4

How Much Do We Spend on the Military? 5

6 Source: National Priorities Project

Growth in Military Spending Excluding Wars 7 Billions, 2010 Dollars DOD Budget Authority, Base Pentagon, Excluding Wars 600 550 500 450 400 350 300 1995 2000 2005 2010 2015 2020 Source: Project on Defense Alternatives

President’s Proposed Budget, FY 2017 Discretionary 8 “All Other” Includes: All other 39% Military 54% • Transportation • Environment • Science • Education • Everything else! Veterans 7% Source: National Priorities Project, President’s Budget 2013

President’s Proposed Budget, FY 2017 Discretionary Segment 9

Military vs. Non-Military Spending 1976 – 2016 (Discretionary) 10

Spending, by Category 2012 Budget, Billions of Dollars 11 Source: National Priorities Project,

Pentagon vs. NIH Spending 12

Top Military Spending Nations, 2014 In Billions US Dollars 13

Defense Expenditures Per Capita 14 Source: Friedman and Preble

UNICEF study of 29 Western countries: • material well-being • health & safety • behaviors & risks • housing & environment • education US is in bottom third on all measures. Only scores better overall than Latvia, Lithuania and Romania 15

Montgomery County, MD Citizens’ Share of Pentagon Expenditures, FY 2012 Budget 16 About $2. 4 billion or $2, 000 person Source: National Priorities Project

With $2. 4 Billion, Montgomery County Could Instead Have Paid For: 17 All expenses at a public university for four years for every 18 -year-old in the County, and Renewable electricity for three years for all the homes in the county, and Over 5, 000 new affordable housing units. Source: Computed from National Priorities Project and census

What’s Not in the DOD Budget? 18 Nuclear weapons (Dept. of Energy) Veterans Affairs Pensions to military retirees Interest on debt incurred in past wars State Department financing of foreign arms sales Militarily-related “development” assistance Department of Homeland Security NSA and CIA Counter-terrorism spending by FBI Military-related spending by NASA

Total Military Spending: $1. 3 Trillion? 19

$1 Trillion is a Thousand Billion 20 Imagine that you spent $1 million/day beginning with the birth of Jesus—to spend a trillion dollars, you’d need to keep spending $1 million/day until mid-way through the 28 th century. If you laid out $1 trillion end-to-end in $100 bills, you could circle the Earth at the equator 39 times.

Where Does the Money Go? 21 • Wars • Nukes & bases • War profiteers

Proposed Military Budget, 2017 22 Center for Arms Control and Non-Proliferation

Afghanistan War vs. World Military Spending 23 In 2011, the United States spent more on the war in Afghanistan than any other country in the world spent in total on the military. Billions of Dollars, 2011 Source: Center for Arms Control and Non-Proliferation; Reuters

“Most Expensive Wars in US History” 24 Harvard economist Linda Bilmes: Total cost of Iraq and Afghanistan wars is between $4 trillion and $6 trillion— 2013 estimate. (Includes “long-term medical care and disability compensation for service members, veterans and families, military replenishment and social and economic costs. )

Where Does the Money Go? 25 • Wars • Nukes & bases • War profiteers

Hiroshima, 1945 26

Hiroshima, 1945 27

Nuclear Weapons 28

Nuclear Modernization 29 Obama’s plan to build a new generation of nuclear weapons and production facilities will cost $1 trillion over thirty years.

What’s Your Priority? 30

U. S. Foreign Military Bases 31 The US maintains about 1, 000 foreign military bases Foreign bases cost taxpayers about $250 billion per year Source: Foreign Policy in Focus, Anita Dancs

32

Military Bases as the New Imperialism 33 95% of all the military bases on another country’s soil are U. S. bases. “Once upon a time, you could trace the spread of imperialism by counting up colonies. America's version of the colony is the military base. ” Chalmers Johnson, 2004 Source: Chalmers Johnson

The Movement to End Foreign Bases 34 International Network for the Abolition of Foreign Military Bases: www. no-bases. org Source: International Network for the Abolition of Foreign Military Bases

Jeju Island, South Korea 35

Foreign Military Aid: $13 billion 36

Where Does the Money Go? 37 • War costs • Nukes & bases • War profiteers

38

Outsourcing the Military 39 “The United States has created a new system for waging war. . . You intricately link corporate profits to an escalation of warfare and make it profitable for companies to participate in your wars. ” “We live amidst the most radical privatization agenda in the history of our country. ” Investigative reporter Jeremy Scahill Source: Bill Moyers Interview

Outsourcing the Military 40 Powerful companies promote war because it is profitable, not because of the interests of the nation The profit motive can be counter to the military’s goals and the nation’s Oversight of contractors is negligible and contractors often do poor jobs—costing lives and more money Cost-plus contracts , the most common DOD-type contract, encourage waste and unnecessary spending

War Profiteers Example: Lockheed Martin 41 84% Percent of L/M profits derived directly from US tax payers, 2010 $3. 2 billion Amount of tax-payer money listed as profit, 2010 $53 million Total compensation of Lockheed Martin CEO, 2012 Sources: Forbes; Y Charts; LM Company Statements;

War Profiteers Example: Lockheed Martin 42 During the last presidential cycle in 2012, Lockheed Martin: Donated $4 million to political campaigns Spent over $15 million lobbying Congress Won over $44 billion in government contracts

War Profiteers Example: Lockheed Martin 43 Geographic distribution of subcontractors “The ideal weapons system is built in 435 Congressional districts and it doesn’t matter whether it works or not. ” Alain C. Enthoven, economist and former Pentagon official In 2009, Lockheed Martin placed full-page ads in the Washington Post showing the number of jobs for F-22 construction, by Congressional district, throughout the nation.

War Profiteers Example: Lockheed Martin 44 Lockheed's former vice-president, Bruce Jackson, worked in the DOD, and then organized and chaired the “non-profit” Committee for the Liberation of Iraq (2002 -03): It lobbied hard for the Iraq war—a war that dramatically increased Lockheed Martin profits 8 other senior Bush Administration members had similar ties to Lockheed Martin

45

What Does the Militarization of America Cost the US? 46

The Pentagon is Taking Your Education 47 With $3. 5 trillion, for the next 133 years, we could send every 18 -year-old in the U. S. to a state university. We could pay all their education expenses--tuition, fees, and room and board--for four years. Total estimated cost of wars in Iraq & Afghanistan: $6 trillion

The Pentagon is Destroying Your Planet 48 The U. S. military is the biggest polluter in the world, generating an estimated 750, 000 tons of toxic waste every year. The military burns an estimated 20 million gallons of gasoline daily— about the same as Iran. The military writes its SOFAs to exempt the U. S. from responsibility for cleaning up environmental damage. Sources: Graydon Carter; Barry Sanders

The Pentagon is Taking Your Job War is a Lousy Jobs Project 49 Number of Jobs Created U. S. Job Creation with $1 Billion Spending Education Health Care Clean Energy Consumption Military Source: U of MA, Political Economy Research Institute

50

The Pentagon is Taking Your Democracy 51 Militarism: • Demonizes certain citizens--who lose basic rights • Leads to secrecy -- incompatible with democracy • Expands government surveillance of citizens • Leads to powerful secret paramilitary organizations, illegal actions by government—destroying the rule of law • Corrupts the political system with immense amounts of money

Threat to Democracy 52 Of all the enemies to public liberty war is. . . most to be dreaded because it comprises . . . the germ of every other. . . No nation could preserve its freedom in the midst of continual warfare. James Madison

The Cost of Militarism 53 Every gun that is made, every warship launched, every rocket fired signifies in the final sense, a theft from those who hunger and are not fed, those who are cold and are not clothed. This world in arms is not spending money alone. It is spending the sweat of its laborers, the genius of its scientists, the hopes of its children. Dwight Eisenhower

It’s a Choice: Militarism or Democracy with a Healthy Economy 54

What Can We Do? 55

Sources 56 American Forces Press Service, http: //www. smallgovtimes. com/2009/05/proposed-militaryrecruiting-cuts-reasonable American Friends Service Committee, http: //www. countdowntowithdrawal. org/ Amnesty International, http: //www. amnesty. org. uk/uploads/documents/doc_20012. pdf Bacevich, Andrew, Washington Rules, America’s Path to Permanent War, Metropolitan Books, 2010. Center for Arms Control and Non Proliferation, 2009 Briefing Book, http: //www. armscontrolcenter. org/assets/pdfs/fy 09_dod_request_briefing_book. pdf Center for Arms Control and Non-Proliferation, “Putting Afghanistan Troop Increases in Perspective, ” Dec. 2. http: //www. armscontrolcenter. org/policy/securityspending/articles/120209_afghanistan_costs_in_ perspective/ http: //www. armscontrolcenter. org/policy/securityspending/articles/102109_c 111_fy 10_authconf/ Center for Arms Control and Nonproliferation: http: //www. armscontrolcenter. org/ Center for Arms Control and Non-Proliferation: http: //armscontrolcenter. org/policy/securityspending/Fiscal_Year_2012. pdf Center on Budget and Policy Priorities, http: //www. cbpp. org/cms/index. cfm? fa=view&id=1258 Center for Economic and Policy Research: http: //www. stwr. org/global-conflicts-militarization/reportshows-increased-us-military-spending-slows-economy. html Chalmers Johnson, America’s Empire of Bases. http: //www. tomdispatch. com/post/1181/chalmers_johnson_on_garrisoning_the_planet

Sources, continued 57 Commission on Wartime Contracting in Iraq and Afghanistan, Interim Report, June 2009: http: //www. wartimecontracting. gov/docs/CWC_Interim_Report_At_What_Cost_06 -10 -09. pdf Conetta, Carl, Project on Defense Alternatives, http: //www. comw. org/pda/fulltext/1110 bm 50. pdf CNN , Congress to Probe Private Military Contractors in Afghanistan: http: //www. cnn. com/2009/WORLD/asiapcf/12/17/afghanistan. contractors. probe/ Congressional Joint Economic Committee Majority Report. War At Any Price? : http: //jec. senate. gov/index. cfm? Fuse. Action=Reports&Content. Record_id=c 6616188 -7 e 9 c 9 af 9 -716 c-d 2 ecbc 191 d 33&Region_id=&Issue_id= Congressional Research Service Report RL 33110, September 28, 2009 http: //www. fas. org/sgp/crs/natsec/RL 33110. pdf Congressional Research Service Report R 40764, September 21, 2009, http: //www. fas. org/sgp/crs/natsec/R 40764. pdf Congressional Research Service Report RL 33222, US Foreign Aid to Israel, http: //www. fas. org/sgp/crs/mideast/RL 33222. pdf Congressional Research Service: http: //fpc. state. gov/documents/organization/129342. pdf Daily Kos: “Our Taxes Are off to War, ” March 8, 2010: http: //www. dailykos. com/story/2010/3/8/123728/5092 Anita Dancs, Mary Orisich, Suzanne Smith, The Military Costs of Securing Energy (National Priorities Project – October 2008) http: //www. nationalpriorities. org/auxiliary/energy_security/executive_summary. pdf

Sources, continued 58 Debt, Deficits and Defense, Sustainable Defense Task Force, 2010: http: //www. armscontrolcenter. org/media/Debt_Deficits_and_Defense. pdf Tom Englehardt: Tomdispatch, http: //www. tomdispatch. com/blog/175219/tomgram%3 A_william_astore%2 C_you_have_no_say_a bout_your_military/? utm_source=feedburner&utm_medium=email&utm_campaign=Feed%3 A+tom dispatch%2 Fes. UU+%28 Tom. Dispatch%3 A+The+latest+Tomgram%29 Experts Letter on Defense Spending, Nov. 18, 2010, http: //www. comw. org/pda/fulltext/NCFRRexpertsletter. pdf Forbes: http: //people. forbes. com/profile/robert-j-stevens/49897 Foreign Policy in Focus: Anita Dancs, The Cost of the Global U. S. Military Presence, July 2009: http: //www. comw. org/qdr/fulltext/0907 dancs. pdf Foreign Policy in Focus, A Unified Security Budget: http: //www. ips-dc. org/reports-list. php? start=6 http: //multinationalmonitor. org/mm 2003/03 jan-feb/jan-feb 03 corp 2. html Friends Committee on National Legislation, “Keeping Military Spending in Balance with the Nation’s Priorities, ” March 16, 2009. http: //www. fcnl. org/issues/item. php? item_id=3538&issue_id=19 Benjamin Friedman and Christopher Preble, “Budgetary Savings from Military Restraint, ” Policy Analysis, Cato Institute, Sept. 23, 2010: http: //www. cato. org/pubs/pas/PA 667. pdf William Hartung and Michelle Ciarrocca, “ Corporate Think Tanks and the Doctrine of Aggressive Militarism, ” The Multinational Monitor, Jan/Feb. 2003. Huck Gutman, http: //www. redrat. net/BUSH_WAR/mercenaries/index. htm#mercs ublications/NPP_Security_Spending_Primer. pdf

Sources, continued 59 Iraq Coalition Casualties: http: //icasualties. org/oif/ Jeremy Scahill, interviewed by Bill Moyers, June 2009. http: //www. organicconsumers. org/articles/article_18211. cfm John Feffer, “Good War vs. Great Society, ” Foreign Policy in Focus, Sept. 22, 2009. http: //www. fpif. org/fpifzines/wb/6433 Joseph Stiglitz and Linda Bilmes, The Three Trillion Dollar War, Norton & Co. , 2008. Just Foreign Policy: http: //www. justforeignpolicy. org/iraqdeaths. html Lockheed Martin Financial Statement http: //www. lockheedmartin. com/data/assets/corporate/documents/ir/2011/2010 -LM-annualreport. pdf Maryland Budget and Tax Policy Institute: http: //www. marylandpolicy. org/dnn/Portals/mbtpi/stateofworkingmaryland/stateofworkingmarylan d. pdf National Priorities Project: http: //www. nationalpriorities. org National Priorities Project Security Spending Primer: http: //www. nationalpriorities. org/P National Priorities Project, Talking About Military Spending and the Pentagon Budget: http: //nationalpriorities. org/media/uploads/publications/talking-about-military-spending/npptalking-military-spending. pdf National Priorities Project, President’s Budget 2013: http: //nationalpriorities. org/media/uploads/webinars/presidents-budgetfy 2013/presidentsbudfy 2013 -1. pdf National Academies Press, Rising Above the Gathering Storm, 2010,

Sources, continued 60 Open Secrets: http: //www. opensecrets. org/indivs/index. php? capcode=mwkzr&name=Lockheed&state=&zip=&emp loy=&cand= and http: //www. opensecrets. org/lobby/clientsum. php? year=2008&lname=Lockheed+Martin Pape, Robert A. , “It’s the Occupation, Stupid, ” Foreign Policy , Oct. 18, 2010: http: //www. foreignpolicy. com/articles/2010/10/18/it_s_the_occupation_stupid? page=0, 0 Peace Corps Web Site, http: //www. peacecorps. gov/index. cfm? shell=resources. media. press. view&news_id=1452 Political Economy Research Institute, U. of Mass. , Robert Pollin and Heidi Garrett-Peltier , “The U. S. Employment Effects of Military and Domestic Spending Priorities , ” , Oct. 9, 2009: http: //www. ipsdc. org/reports/071001 -jobcreation. pdf Project on Defense Alternatives: http: //www. comw. org/pda/1002 Budget. Surge. html Project on Defense Alternatives, http: //www. comw. org/pda/fulltext/1001 PDABM 45. pdf Project on Government Oversight, http: //www. pogo. org/pogo-files/alerts/contract-oversight/co-fcm 20090421. html Rand, “How Terrorist Groups End: Lessons for Countering Al Qa’ida ” http: //www. rand. org/pubs/monographs/MG 741 -1/ Refugees International: http: //www. refugeesinternational. org/content/article/detail/9679 Reuters, Chinese Military Spending: http: //www. reuters. com/article/id. USTRE 6230 A 720100304