The Militarization of America At What Cost PREPARED

The Militarization of America At What Cost? PREPARED BY PEACE ACTION MONTGOMERY WWW. PEACEACTIONMC. ORG

Topics 2 How Much do We Spend on the Military? Where Does the Money Go? What Does American Militarism Cost You? To Reverse Militarism, Can We Safely Cut the Military Budget? Fund Our Communities: Bring the War Dollars Home

How Much Do We Spend on the Military? 3

Total Federal Budget, FY 2010 Both Discretionary & Mandatory 4 Mandatory: Required by law Examples: • Interest on Debt (9. 5%) • Social Security (21%) • Medicare • Unemployment Discretionary: Negotiated each year Examples: • Military • Education • Research Source: National Priorities Project

Obama Budget Proposal FY 2011 5 “All other” includes: • Environment • Science • Transportation • International affairs • Everything else except entitlements and debt. Source: National Priorities Project, FY 2011

Growth in Military Spending Excluding Wars 6 Billions, 2010 Dollars DOD Budget Authority, Base Pentagon, Excluding Wars 600 550 500 450 400 350 300 1995 2000 2005 2010 2015 2020 Source: Project on Defense Alternatives

Military Spending Over Time 7

Discretionary Spending By Category, 2009 8 Billions of Dollars Source: Center for Arms Control and Nonproliferation, Briefing Book

2010 Budget: Military Recruitment vs. Peace Corps 9 Dollars Sources: American Forces Press Service; Peace Corps Web Site

U. S. Military Spending vs. Other Countries, In Rank Order, FY 2009 10 Source: Center for Arms Control and Nonproliferation

Montgomery County Citizens’ Share of Pentagon Expenditures, FY 2010 Budget 11 About $3 billion or $2, 000 person Source: National Priorities Project

With $3 Billion, Montgomery County Could Instead Have Paid For: 12 All expenses at a public university for four years for every 18 -year-old in the County, and Renewable electricity for three years for all the homes in the county, and Over 5, 000 new affordable housing units. Source: Computed from National Priorities Project and census

State of Maryland 13 What MD residents paid in FY 2010 towards the Pentagon budget: $13. 7 bn Entire State FY 2010 budget: Shortfall: $13. 9 bn 2. 6 bn State spending cuts: Public Health Disabled Education Source: National Priorities Project, Out of Balance

Where Does the Money Go? 14 • War costs • Foreign military bases • War profiteers

Military Budget, 2011 15 Center for Arms Control and Non-Proliferation

Total War Costs Iraq and Afghanistan Through 2010 16 Total direct cost of both wars by 2010: over $1 trillion Iraq: Af/Pak: Total: $747 billion $332 billion $1. 079 trillion Source: National Priorities Project

$1 Trillion is a Thousand Billion 17 Imagine that you spent $1 million/day beginning with the birth of Jesus—to spend a trillion dollars, you’d need to keep spending $1 million/day until mid-way through the 28 th century. If you laid out $1 trillion end-to-end in $100 bills, you could circle the Earth at the equator 39 times. A trillion dollars could pay the salaries for a year of 18 million people at $55, 000 per job.

Afghanistan War Costs 18 Total U. S. defense spending in Afghanistan, FY 2010: $101 billion. $1 million: cost to send one soldier to Afghanistan for one year $400 per gallon: US military’s cost of gasoline in Afghanistan Source: Congressional Research Service Report RL 33110

Afghanistan War vs. World Military Spending 19 In 2010, the United States will spend more on the war in Afghanistan than any other country in the world spends in total on the military. Source: Center for Arms Control and Non-Proliferation; Reuters

It’s a Choice! 20 Are lengthy occupations of Iraq & Afghanistan how we want to spend our money? We have other threats!

Where Does the Money Go? 21 • War costs • Foreign military bases • War profiteers

U. S. Foreign Military Bases 22 The US maintains about 1, 000 foreign military bases Foreign bases cost taxpayers about $250 billion per year Source: Foreign Policy in Focus, Anita Dancs

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Floating Bases 24 The U. S. has 11 nuclear powered aircraft supercarriers—the entire rest of the world has 11 carriers, and these are all much smaller than those of the U. S. The U. S. maintains over 100 deployed ships and submarines at any given time—with 30, 000 sailors afloat. Source: United States Navy; Project on Defense Alternatives

Military Bases as the New Imperialism 25 95% of all the military bases on another country’s soil are U. S. bases. “Once upon a time, you could trace the spread of imperialism by counting up colonies. America's version of the colony is the military base. ” Chalmers Johnson, 2004 Source: Chalmers Johnson

The Movement to End Foreign Bases 26 International Network for the Abolition of Foreign Military Bases: www. no-bases. org Source: International Network for the Abolition of Foreign Military Bases

Foreign Bases: A Provocation 27 The Declaration of Independence criticizes the British "for quartering large bodies of armed troops among us" and "for protecting them. . . from punishment for any murders which they should commit on the inhabitants of these States. “ Foreign bases create enemies and make us less safe.

Where Does the Money Go? 28 • War costs • Foreign military bases • War profiteers

War Profiteers Example: Lockheed Martin 29 84% Percent of L/M profits derived directly from US tax payers, 2008 $4. 4 billion Amount of tax-payer money distributed as profit, 2008 $42. 68 million Total compensation of Lockheed Martin CEO, 2009 Sources: Forbes; LM Company Statements;

Lockheed Martin 30 Paid $577. 2 million in fines because of contract fraud since 1995 Found guilty of 50 instances of various kinds of misconduct (including contractor kickbacks, nuclear safety violations, fraud, etc. ) Source: Project on Government Oversight

Lockheed Martin: Forms of Influence 31 Political donations, 2008 cycle: $2, 801, 455 (from L/M PACs and individuals, per FEC) Paid lobbying, 2008: $15, 981, 506 Source: Open Secrets

Lockheed Martin: Forms of Influence 32 Geographic distribution of subcontractors “The ideal weapons system is built in 435 Congressional districts and it doesn’t matter whether it works or not. ” Alain C. Enthoven, economist and former Pentagon official In 2009, Lockheed Martin placed full-page ads in the Washington Post showing the number of jobs for F-22 construction, by Congressional district, throughout the nation.

Lockheed Martin: Forms of Influence—The Revolving Door 33 Lockheed's former vice-president, Bruce Jackson, worked in the DOD, and then organized and chaired the “non-profit” Committee for the Liberation of Iraq (2002 -03): It lobbied hard for the Iraq war—a war that dramatically increased Lockheed Martin profits 8 other senior Bush Administration members had similar ties to Lockheed Martin Source: Hartung & Ciarrocca

The War Profiteer Circle 34 Contracts: $$ Profits $$ Revolving Door Lobbying Political Donations

What Do Military Contractors Do? 35 Feed troops Maintain facilities and equipment Transport cargo Wash clothes Provide security guards for bases and diplomats Engage in military actions Contractors are doing everything that used to be done solely by the military—for a profit.

Contractors vs. Troops in Afghanistan 36 Source: Congressional Research Service

Who Are Mercenaries? 37 Soldiers-for-hire or “private security contractors. ” They are recruited from all over the world.

Outsourcing the Military 38 Powerful companies promote war because it is profitable, not because of the interests of the nation The profit motive, in war, can be counter to the military’s goals and the nation’s Oversight of contractors is negligible and contractors often do poor jobs—costing lives and more money Cost-plus contracts , the most common DOD-type contract, encourage waste and unnecessary spending

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What Does the Militarization of America Cost You? 40 • Economic Costs • Environmental Costs • Cost to Democracy

A Weaker Economy 41 Increased spending on the military relative to other parts of the economy leads to : Fewer jobs Higher interest rates Greater inflation Source: Center for Economic and Policy Research

U. S. Job Creation with $1 Billion Spending Number of Jobs Created 42 Education Health Care Clean Energy Consumption Military Source: U of MA, Political Economy Research Institute

A Weaker Economy 43 Money to finance wars displaces productive investment, for example to rebuild infrastructure at home. As a result of not making these investments, future output in the U. S. will be smaller. Source: Stiglitz and Bilmes, The Three Trillion Dollar War

Economic Costs: Debt Service 44 Interest costs alone are so high that they will soon dwarf federal spending on other priorities Source: Congressional Joint Economic Committee Majority Staff, Nov. 2007

Personal Costs Projected Costs of Wars: $3. 5 Trillion by 2017 45 Almost $50, 000 per Family Source: Congressional Joint Economic Committee Majority Staff, Nov. 2007

Total Estimated Costs of Iraq & Afghanistan: $3. 5 Trillion 46 With $3. 5 trillion, for the next 133 years, we could send every 18 -year-old in the U. S. to a state university. We could pay all their education expenses --tuition, fees, and room and board--for four years.

What Does the Militarization of America Cost You? 47 • Economic Costs • Environmental Costs • Cost to Democracy

Environmental Costs 48 The U. S. military is the biggest polluter in the world, generating an estimated 750, 000 tons of toxic waste every year. The military burns an estimated 20 million gallons of gasoline daily—about the same as the entire country of Iran. The military writes its SOFAs to exempt the U. S. from responsibility for cleaning up environmental damage. Sources: Graydon Carter; Barry Sanders

What Does the Militarization of America Cost You? 49 • Economic Costs • Environmental Costs • Cost to Democracy

Threat to Democracy 50 Militarism restricts freedom at home Recent arrests of peace activists in Chicago and Minneapolis “Protest zones” established

Threat to Democracy 51 Militarism involves immense amounts of money that corrupt the political system Campaign contributions, election ads and lobbying by war profiteers and other corporations (e. g. , oil) Militarism leads to secrecy which is incompatible with democracy The “State Secrets Privilege” Patriot Act provisions

Threat to Democracy 52 Militarism erodes fundamental rights Denial of Habeas Corpus in “War on Terror” “Legalization” of torture Military Commissions Act of 2006, creating kangaroo courts Militarism demonizes certain citizens--who then lose basic rights Japanese-Americans in WW II Muslims and Arab Americans today

Threat to Democracy 53 Militarism expands government surveillance of citizens Maryland activists placed on “terrorist” list, organizations monitored by State police NSA data mining Militarism leads to powerful secret paramilitary organizations, illegal actions by government, and lack of accountability—destroying the rule of law CIA – Black sites and illegal violence in many countries “Extraordinary rendition”— kidnappings and disappearances

Threat to Democracy 54 Of all the enemies to public liberty war is. . . most to be dreaded because it comprises. . . the germ of every other. . . No nation could preserve its freedom in the midst of continual warfare. James Madison

What Does the Militarization of America Cost You? 55 BECAUSE OUR ECONOMY IS WEAKER DUE TO EXCESSIVE MILITARY SPENDING, WE HAVE: Less to invest in new businesses and new ways of doing things Less to spend on health, education, infrastructure, art and culture WE ALL HAVE TO WORK HARDER AND LONGER HOURS, JUST TO STAY EVEN. WE ENDANGER THE ABILITY OF HUMAN BEINGS TO LIVE ON EARTH. WE PLACE THE FUTURE OF OUR DEMOCRACY AT RISK.

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The Cost of Militarism 60 Every gun that is made, every warship launched, every rocket fired signifies in the final sense, a theft from those who hunger and are not fed, those who are cold and are not clothed. This world in arms is not spending money alone. It is spending the sweat of its laborers, the genius of its scientists, the hopes of its children. This is not a way of life at all in any true sense. Under the clouds of war, it is humanity hanging on a cross of iron. Dwight Eisenhower

To Reverse Militarism: Can We Safely Cut the Military Budget? 61 FIVE MYTHS ABOUT SECURITY

Myth #1: The More We Spend, the More Secure We Are 62 “The vitality of our economy is the cornerstone of our nation's strength. ” Source: Experts Letter to Deficit Commission

Myth #1, cont’d: The More We Spend, the More Secure We Are 63 Since 1968, most terrorist groups have ended because: (1) They joined the political process (43 percent), or (2) Local police and intelligence agencies arrested or killed key members (40 percent). Source: Rand

Myth #2: U. S. Military Spending Protects Americans from Foreign Threats 64 The U. S. military is designed for: “Power projection”: the capacity to intimidate other nations and implement policy by means of force or threat of force Military intervention around the globe Do power projection and wars make us safer? Bacevich, Washington Rules

Myth #2, cont’d: U. S. Military Spending Protects Americans from Foreign Threats 65 Example: Suicide Attacks 2000: 20 suicide attacks, one was anti-American 2009: 300 suicide attacks, 270 were anti-American. Source: Pape, Foreign Policy

Myth #3: Only Force or Threat of Force Can Keep Us Safe 66 Other sources of power: Diplomacy Economic power Moral suasion International cooperation (e. g. , intelligence, policing) Peace & security require justice Justice requires law

Myth #4: Military Spending is the Only Good Government Spending 67 We’re not “number one”: 11 th : Percent of 25 -34 year-olds who have graduated high school 22 nd: Broadband Internet access 24 th: Life expectancy at birth 32 nd: Infant mortality rate 37 th: Health care quality 48 th: Quality of K-12 science and math Sources: National Academies Press; UN Social Indicators

Myth #5: The U. S. is Responsible for Organizing the World 68 We are the “good guys” who fight to: Create democracy Save lives Kill the “bad guys” Eliminate evil dictators

How Much for “Security”? 69 The U. S. spends: 55 times as much as the combined spending of the six “rogue” states that we have demonized (Cuba, Iran, Libya, North Korea, Sudan, and Syria) But 47% of Americans fear that our military is inadequate! Source: Daily Kos

How Much & What to Cut? 70

How Much Could We Cut the Military Budget? 71 Andrew Bacevich: We should reduce the US military budget to a level that does not exceed the combined military spending of all ten of the next highest-spending countries in the world. Source: National Priorities Project—Security Spending Primer

Deficit Commission Proposal 72 Co-chairs of the President’s Commission on Fiscal Responsibility and Reform: Cut $100 billion by 2015 Examples: Cut specific weapons systems Cut 1/3 of foreign military bases Charge military more for health care

Barney Frank/Ron Paul Proposal 73 Sustainable Defense Task Force: Cut $998 billion over 10 years Examples: Cut nuclear warheads Reduce size of military forces Cut certain weapons systems Source: Debt, Deficits and Defense

Institute for Policy Studies 74 Task Force on A Unified Security Budget for the U. S. : Cut $75 billion in 2011: Examples: Nuclear weapons: $7 bn Missile defense: $7 bn V-22 Osprey: $2. 7 bn Source: Task Force on a Unified Security Budget

Fund Out Communities: Bring the War Dollars Home 75 A growing coalition: • CASA de Maryland • Chesapeake Climate Action • Columbia United Christian Church, Peace & Justice Committee • Gray Panthers /Metro DC • Network of Spiritual Progressives/MD • Pax Christi/MD • Peace Action Montgomery • Progressive Democrats of America/MD • Southern Christian Leadership Conference/ Montgomery County • Women’s International League for Peace and Freedom/DC

Fund Our Communities: Goals 76 Significant increases in domestic spending for jobs, veterans’ services, infrastructure, education, health care, the environment, and human services. Major reductions in the Pentagon budget, amounting to at least 25% over the next five years.

Coalition Member Activities 77 Campaign endorsement Education of own group Legislative advocacy Events Outreach to other organizations

Campaign Activities: Peace Action Montgomery 78 General Assembly resolution and/or letter County Council resolution Series of events in March, with cost-of-war sign a focus Public presentations on cost of war Lobbying Congress Community organizing: building the coalition

Fund Our Communities: Bring the War Dollars Home www. Our. Funds. org 79

Sources 80 American Forces Press Service, http: //www. smallgovtimes. com/2009/05/proposed-militaryrecruiting-cuts-reasonable American Friends Service Committee, http: //www. countdowntowithdrawal. org/ Amnesty International, http: //www. amnesty. org. uk/uploads/documents/doc_20012. pdf Bacevich, Andrew, Washington Rules, America’s Path to Permanent War, Metropolitan Books, 2010. Center for Arms Control and Non Proliferation, 2009 Briefing Book, http: //www. armscontrolcenter. org/assets/pdfs/fy 09_dod_request_briefing_book. pdf Center for Arms Control and Non-Proliferation, “Putting Afghanistan Troop Increases in Perspective, ” Dec. 2. http: //www. armscontrolcenter. org/policy/securityspending/articles/120209_afghanistan_costs_in_ perspective/ Center for Arms Control and Non-Proliferation, “Analysis of 2010 Defense Authorization Agreement, ” Oct. 21, 2009. http: //www. armscontrolcenter. org/policy/securityspending/articles/102109_c 111_fy 10_authconf/ Center for Arms Control and Nonproliferation: http: //www. armscontrolcenter. org/ Center on Budget and Policy Priorities, http: //www. cbpp. org/cms/index. cfm? fa=view&id=1258 Center for Economic and Policy Research: http: //www. stwr. org/global-conflicts-militarization/reportshows-increased-us-military-spending-slows-economy. html Chalmers Johnson, America’s Empire of Bases. http: //www. tomdispatch. com/post/1181/chalmers_johnson_on_garrisoning_the_planet

Sources, continued 81 Commission on Wartime Contracting in Iraq and Afghanistan, Interim Report, June 2009: http: //www. wartimecontracting. gov/docs/CWC_Interim_Report_At_What_Cost_06 -10 -09. pdf CNN , Congress to Probe Private Military Contractors in Afghanistan: http: //www. cnn. com/2009/WORLD/asiapcf/12/17/afghanistan. contractors. probe/ Congressional Joint Economic Committee Majority Report. War At Any Price? : http: //jec. senate. gov/index. cfm? Fuse. Action=Reports&Content. Record_id=c 6616188 -7 e 9 c 9 af 9 -716 c-d 2 ecbc 191 d 33&Region_id=&Issue_id= Congressional Research Service Report RL 33110, September 28, 2009 http: //www. fas. org/sgp/crs/natsec/RL 33110. pdf Congressional Research Service Report R 40764, September 21, 2009, http: //www. fas. org/sgp/crs/natsec/R 40764. pdf Congressional Research Service Report RL 33222, US Foreign Aid to Israel, http: //www. fas. org/sgp/crs/mideast/RL 33222. pdf Congressional Research Service: http: //fpc. state. gov/documents/organization/129342. pdf Daily Kos: “Our Taxes Are off to War, ” March 8, 2010: http: //www. dailykos. com/story/2010/3/8/123728/5092 Anita Dancs, Mary Orisich, Suzanne Smith, The Military Costs of Securing Energy (National Priorities Project – October 2008) http: //www. nationalpriorities. org/auxiliary/energy_security/executive_summary. pdf

Sources, continued 82 Debt, Deficits and Defense, Sustainable Defense Task Force, 2010: http: //www. armscontrolcenter. org/media/Debt_Deficits_and_Defense. pdf Tom Englehardt: Tomdispatch, http: //www. tomdispatch. com/blog/175219/tomgram%3 A_william_astore%2 C_you_have_no_say_a bout_your_military/? utm_source=feedburner&utm_medium=email&utm_campaign=Feed%3 A+tom dispatch%2 Fes. UU+%28 Tom. Dispatch%3 A+The+latest+Tomgram%29 Experts Letter on Defense Spending, Nov. 18, 2010, http: //www. comw. org/pda/fulltext/NCFRRexpertsletter. pdf Forbes: http: //www. forbes. com/lists/2009/12/best-boss-09_Robert-J-Stevens_RIMI. html Foreign Policy in Focus: Anita Dancs, The Cost of the Global U. S. Military Presence, July 2009: http: //www. comw. org/qdr/fulltext/0907 dancs. pdf Foreign Policy in Focus, A Unified Security Budget: http: //www. ips-dc. org/reports-list. php? start=6 http: //multinationalmonitor. org/mm 2003/03 jan-feb/jan-feb 03 corp 2. html Friends Committee on National Legislation, “Keeping Military Spending in Balance with the Nation’s Priorities, ” March 16, 2009. http: //www. fcnl. org/issues/item. php? item_id=3538&issue_id=19 William Hartung and Michelle Ciarrocca, “ Corporate Think Tanks and the Doctrine of Aggressive Militarism, ” The Multinational Monitor, Jan/Feb. 2003. Huck Gutman, http: //www. redrat. net/BUSH_WAR/mercenaries/index. htm#mercs ublications/NPP_Security_Spending_Primer. pdf

Sources, continued 83 Iraq Coalition Casualties: http: //icasualties. org/oif/ Jeremy Scahill, interviewed by Bill Moyers, June 2009. http: //www. organicconsumers. org/articles/article_18211. cfm John Feffer, “Good War vs. Great Society, ” Foreign Policy in Focus, Sept. 22, 2009. http: //www. fpif. org/fpifzines/wb/6433 Joseph Stiglitz and Linda Bilmes, The Three Trillion Dollar War, Norton & Co. , 2008. Just Foreign Policy: http: //www. justforeignpolicy. org/iraqdeaths. html National Priorities Project: http: //www. nationalpriorities. org National Priorities Project Security Spending Primer: http: //www. nationalpriorities. org/P National Academies Press, Rising Above the Gathering Storm, 2010, http: //www. nap. edu/catalog. php? record_id=12999 National Priorities Project, Out of Balance: http: //www. nationalpriorities. org/webinars/out-ofbalance National Priorities Project, President’s Budget FY 2011: http: //www. nationalpriorities. org/Presidents_Budget_FY 2011 Newser: http: //www. newser. com/story/38814/pentagon-seeks-152 b-fighter-sale-to-israel. html

Sources, continued 84 Open Secrets: http: //www. opensecrets. org/indivs/index. php? capcode=mwkzr&name=Lockheed&state=&zip=&emp loy=&cand= and http: //www. opensecrets. org/lobby/clientsum. php? year=2008&lname=Lockheed+Martin Pape, Robert A. , “It’s the Occupation, Stupid, ” Foreign Policy , Oct. 18, 2010: http: //www. foreignpolicy. com/articles/2010/10/18/it_s_the_occupation_stupid? page=0, 0 Peace Corps Web Site, http: //www. peacecorps. gov/index. cfm? shell=resources. media. press. view&news_id=1452 Political Economy Research Institute, U. of Mass. , Robert Pollin and Heidi Garrett-Peltier , “The U. S. Employment Effects of Military and Domestic Spending Priorities , ” , Oct. 9, 2009: http: //www. ipsdc. org/reports/071001 -jobcreation. pdf Project on Defense Alternatives: http: //www. comw. org/pda/1002 Budget. Surge. html Project on Defense Alternatives, http: //www. comw. org/pda/fulltext/1001 PDABM 45. pdf Project on Government Oversight, http: //www. pogo. org/pogo-files/alerts/contract-oversight/co-fcm 20090421. html Rand, “How Terrorist Groups End: Lessons for Countering Al Qa’ida ” http: //www. rand. org/pubs/monographs/MG 741 -1/ Refugees International: http: //www. refugeesinternational. org/content/article/detail/9679 Reuters, Chinese Military Spending: http: //www. reuters. com/article/id. USTRE 6230 A 720100304

Sources, continued 85 Right Web: Committee for the Liberation of Iraq: http: //www. rightweb. irconline. org/profile/Committee_for_the_Liberation_of_Iraq Salary. com: http: //swz. salary. com/salarywizard/layouthtmls/swzl_compresult_national_lg 12000010. html Smartrend: http: //www. mysmartrend. com/news-briefs/news-watch/lockheed-martins-f-35 -jointstrike-fighter-program-needs-another-year-reuters Task Force on a Unified Security Budget, Institute for Policy Studies: http: //www. ipsdc. org/reports/USB_fy_2011 United Nations, Social Indicators: http: //unstats. un. org/unsd/demographic/products/socind/ U. S. Budget: http: //www. whitehouse. gov/omb/budget/fy 2010/assets/summary. pdf. United States Navy Fact File, http: //www. navy. mil/navydata/fact_display. asp? cid=4200&tid=200&ct=4, accessed November 15, 2009. War Resisters League: http: //www. warresisters. org/ Ycharts: Lockheed Martin: http: //ycharts. com/companies/LMT

Optional Slides Follow 86

Arming the World: Costs Associated with Aid & Sales 87

U. S. : Arms Dealer to the World 88 Arms Transfer Agreements with The World, By Supplier, 2008 U. S. Italy Russia France Germany China All Others 0 50 100 Percentage of Total Transfers Source: Congressional Research Service, Sept. 2009

Sales to Other Countries: Example Israel 89 Proposed U. S. Military Aid to Israel FY 2009 -FY 2018: $30 billion Israel is required to use 74% of its aid money on U. S. purchases, totaling $24. 4 billion. Source: Congressional Research Service: US Foreign Aid to Israel

Sales to Other Countries Example: Israel 90 Pentagon Seeks $15. 2 B Fighter Sale to Israel Sept. 30, 2008 “The Defense Department said today it wants to sell up to 75 fighter jets to Israel in a $15. 2 billion deal. . . The Defense Security Cooperation Agency said it notified Congress on Friday that Israel has asked to buy 25 of the F-35 s made by Lockheed Martin Corp. , with an option to buy an additional 50 at a later date. ” Newser Online News Journal

Sales to Other Countries: Example Israel 91 US gives Israel billions of dollars US requires Israel to spend most of it by buying from US arms manufacturers Israel buys planes from Lockheed Martin makes more profits

92 White phosphorus: Causes deep burns through muscle and down to the bone, continuing to burn until deprived of oxygen. Can contaminate other parts of the body, poisoning and irreparably damaging internal organs. Is extremely painful and very lethal. White phosphorus was used extensively in the war on Gaza 2008 -09 Fragments of a US-made M 155 white phosphorus carrier artillery shell fired by Israeli forces into Gaza Source: Amnesty International

93 War on Gaza, ‘ 08 -’ 09: American-made planes Dropping Americanmade bombs Paid for with American taxpayer funds Remains of a US-made Hellfire missile that killed 3 paramedics and a child in Gaza. Source: Amnesty International