Скачать презентацию The learner s autonomy The way Скачать презентацию The learner s autonomy The way

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The learner’s autonomy The learner’s autonomy

 • The way to autonomy - Trocmé-Fabre ‘s « tree of ability to • The way to autonomy - Trocmé-Fabre ‘s « tree of ability to learn » • • • « 1 - Savoir-observer (contextualiser) ; 2 - Savoir-repérer les lois de la vie (respecter la logique du vivant) ; 3 - Savoir-organiser (catégoriser) ; 4 - Savoir-ancrer (faire émerger du sens) ; 5 - Savoir-décider (choisir, s’engager) ; 6 - Savoir-créer (différencier) ; 7 - Savoir-échanger (s’exprimer) ; 8 - Savoir-comprendre ; 9 - Savoir-intégrer ; 10 - Savoir-communiquer. »

 • André De Péretti, Jean Boniface et Jean. André Legrand who put forward • André De Péretti, Jean Boniface et Jean. André Legrand who put forward “a referential of methodological abilities”. « Expression, sensibilité, raisonnement, imagination, esprit d’analyse, esprit de synthèse, comportement en groupe, rapports aux règles du jeu. » (De Péretti, Boniface, Legrand, 1998, 58 -60) • Official texts of 1987

 • Henri Holec’s definition of learner’s autonomy : “'the ability to take charge • Henri Holec’s definition of learner’s autonomy : “'the ability to take charge of one's own learning’[ = 'to have, and to hold, the responsibility for all the decisions concerning all aspects of this learning, ‘ (1981: 3). These decisions are as follows: - “determining the objectives - defining the contents and progressions - selecting methods and techniques to be used - monitoring the procedure of acquisition (rhythm, time, place, etc. ) - evaluating what has been acquired »

 • • • Anne-Brit Fenner « choice of subject-matter choice of different types • • • Anne-Brit Fenner « choice of subject-matter choice of different types of texts choice of different levels choice of varying amount (of texts and tasks) choice of approach to a text choice of tasks choice of approach to tasks choice of progression »

 • « Metacommunication about learning may include such issues as: • what the • « Metacommunication about learning may include such issues as: • what the learner already knows • what the learner wants to/needs to learn • reflection on choices made • reflection on outcome • what has been learnt” (Fenner, 2000)

 • CEFR - chapter 4 “Language use and the language user/learner” Strategies are • CEFR - chapter 4 “Language use and the language user/learner” Strategies are a means the language user exploits to mobilise and balance his or her resources, to activate skills and procedures, in order to fulfil the demands of communication in context and successfully complete the task in question in the most comprehensive or most economical way feasible depending on his or her precise purpose.

 • The use of communication strategies can be seen as the application of • The use of communication strategies can be seen as the application of the metacognitive principles: - Pre-planning - Execution - Monitoring - Repair Action to the different kinds of communicative activity: Reception, Interaction, Production and Mediation.

 • Students are often reluctant to “appropriate a part of the teacher’s competence” • Students are often reluctant to “appropriate a part of the teacher’s competence” (Pothier, 2003 : 84). • La Borderie’s definition (1998) : « l’autonomie est un objectif éducatif qui consiste à rendre progressivement les élèves capables de gérer, de manière responsable, leurs activités d’apprentissage » . (Pothier, 2003 : 83). • « N’est-ce pas remplacer l’imposition des contenus par l’imposition indirecte des manières d’apprendre [qui]est peut-être une contrainte plus forte et plus intrusive ? » (Gremmo, 1999 : 68 in Pothier, 2003 : 85).

A class activity (1985) After listening and repeating a dialogue while looking at the A class activity (1985) After listening and repeating a dialogue while looking at the corresponding pictures in their textbooks, the pupils are now doing an activity in which the teacher is using the magnetic white board. The goal is to get the students make suggestions in different ways. The teacher displays pictures of Jenny and items of clothing on the board. Then she asks the pupils to make suggestions. She says: Jenny is going to a party tonight. She doesn’t know which dress to choose. Can you advise her? – – Pupil 1: What about choosing the red dress? Pupil 2: How about choosing the Blue one? Pupil 3: Why don’t you choose the green one ? Pupil 4: If I were you I’d choose the pink one. Then she does the same with Mr Garret who wants to buy a new car.

 • « Il ne s’agit pas, en effet, que l’enseignant multiplie les « • « Il ne s’agit pas, en effet, que l’enseignant multiplie les « exercices d’application » , il faut que l’apprenant cherche et trouve luimême des situations différentes où il puisse réinvestir ses acquis ; il faut qu’il les fasse jouer, à sa propre initiative, dans des situations qu’il découvre » . (Meirieu, 1993 : 118)

Self-training/self-learning • Self-training or self-learning (self-decided, as opposed to hetero-training (decided by someone else) Self-training/self-learning • Self-training or self-learning (self-decided, as opposed to hetero-training (decided by someone else) (Ciekanski : 2007) • “How can I help my students acquire more autonomous practices ? ” • Introducing multimedia activities in the language class implies « une injonction paradoxale d’autonomie » (Linard, 2002 : 145, in Barbot, 200 ? : 33).

 • Some examples of autonomous modes of learning in FLT & L today • Some examples of autonomous modes of learning in FLT & L today • The European portfolio • « Tu peux remplir les différentes parties quand tu en as envie. Mais nous te conseillons de le faire au moins une fois par trimestre (tout(e) seul(e), ou avec l’aide de tes camarades et de tes professeurs). N’oublie pas que tu peux toujours demander de l’aide à tes enseignants ! » . (p. 4)

 • Tandem learning a form of open learning, whereby two people with different • Tandem learning a form of open learning, whereby two people with different native languages work together in pairs in order - to learn more about one another’s character and culture. - to help one another improve their language skills. - to exchange additional knowledge – for example, about their professional life. • • the Principle of Reciprocity the Principle of Learner Autonomy

 • • • The participating institutions actively involved in the expansion of the • • • The participating institutions actively involved in the expansion of the International E-Mail Tandem Network organise, in addition to tandem à distance, face-to-face tandem in tandem courses and in other contexts. The advising of tandem learners is increasingly taking place through individual counselling. The Tandem Server (Bochum (DE), Dublin (IE), Oviedo (ES), Paris (FR), Rostov (RU), Torino (IT), Trier (DE) etc. ), established by the network, provides for the publication of learning aids for learners as well as for teachers, tandem counsellors and organisers. The Institute for German Language at the University of Freiburg/Fribourg (Switzerland) with UNI-TANDEM (one of the oldest university tandem agencies, which now also offers a guide to tandem learning). The TANDEM® Network, through which many private language schools have come together, one of which being TANDEM-Madrid, where the first tandem pairs outside of courses were created at the beginning of the 1980 s. – TANDEM® Fundazioa – TANDEM® International - TANDEM network

 • To what extent can such practices be implemented in an institutional context • To what extent can such practices be implemented in an institutional context ? • « L’enseignement traditionnel vise à faire acquérir des savoirs et des savoirfaire que l’élève ne parvient pas toujours à s’approprier pour diverses raisons dont le manque d’intérêt personnel. Compléter cet enseignement par des séances en tandem permet d’aider les apprenants à rendre ces savoirs actifs en établissant un lien avec une nécessité extérieure à l’école. Tandem crée une situation qui force l’apprenant à mobiliser et à enrichir ses moyens linguistiques pour pouvoir communiquer avec un natif, et ainsi à mettre en oeuvre intuitivement ses propres stratégies de communication et d’apprentissage. C’est alors qu’il pourra choisir le fonctionnement qui lui convient personnellement, s’approprier et enrichir les savoirs et savoir-faire appris en classe pour lesquels il voit une application directe et solliciter l’aide de l’enseignant pour le conseiller dans la voie qu’il s’est choisie. L’apprenant progresse alors bien plus rapidement, car il sait ce qu’il veut apprendre et comment. » (Reymond, Tardieu, 2001 : 35)

 • CALL = computer assisted learning • 2 important features: bidirectional (interactive) learning • CALL = computer assisted learning • 2 important features: bidirectional (interactive) learning and individualized learning. • CALL is meant to supplement face-to-face language instruction, not replace it.

 • The reasons for using Computer-assisted Language Learning include: (a) experiential learning, (b) • The reasons for using Computer-assisted Language Learning include: (a) experiential learning, (b) motivation, (c) enhance student achievement, (d) authentic materials for study, (e) greater interaction, (f) individualization, (g) independence from a single source of information, and (h) global understanding.

 • The ‘audio no’madic[1] project http: //www. catice. acbordeaux. fr/fr/index. html A mobile/nomadic • The ‘audio no’madic[1] project http: //www. catice. acbordeaux. fr/fr/index. html A mobile/nomadic language lab. - Audacity - http: //educnet. education. fr/dossier/baladod iffusion

Conclusion • The learner will learn to master the tools of long-life learning and Conclusion • The learner will learn to master the tools of long-life learning and to adopt a self-reflexive approach

 • • • Barbot, M. -J. , « Rôle de l’enseignant-formateur : l’accompagnement • • • Barbot, M. -J. , « Rôle de l’enseignant-formateur : l’accompagnement en question » , Mélanges Crapel, n° 28, 2004. Ciekanski, M. , « Formation à l’accompagnement des démarches autoformatives » , Journée de formation, IUFM de Paris, 17 janvier 2007. De Péretti, A. , Boniface, J. , Legrand, J. A. , Encyclopédie de l’évaluation en formation et en éducation, Guide pratique, Paris, ESF Editeur, 1998. Fenner, A. B. , “Learner Autonomy” In Fenner & Newby (2000): Approaches to Materials Design in European textbooks Holec, H. (1981) Autonomy and Foreign Language Learning. Oxford: Pergamon. Meirieu, P. , Apprendre oui mais comment, Paris, ESF Editeur, 1991. - Emile, reviens vite, ils sont devenus fous !, ESF éditeur, 1992, 2ème édition 1993 Pothier, M. (2003) Multimédias, dispositifs d’apprentissage et acquisition des langues. Paris : Ophrys. Reymond, C. Tardieu, C. , Guide Tandem pour l’apprentissage des langues en binôme dans le secondaire, Collection Chemin faisant, IUFM et CRDP de l’académie de Rouen, CNDP, 2001. Trocmé-Fabre, H. (1987) J’apprends, donc je suis, Introduction à la neuropédagogie. Paris : Les éditions d’organisation. - (1996) L’Arbre du savoir-apprendre, vers un référentiel cognitif. Paris : Librairie Etre et Connaître.