The league of Arab states Made by Mukaramova

The league of Arab states: Made by: Mukaramova Araigul’

Plan: History Geography Member states Organs Politics and administration Economic resources Foreign relations Summits Military Transportation Demographics of Arab league countries

Administrative center situated in Cairo. Official language- Arabic. Membership-22 members. Leaders: Arab League Secretariat-Nabil el-Araby. Arab Parliament-Ali Al-Daqbaashi. Council Presidency-Lebanon. Legislature-Arab Parliament. Establishment-Alexandria Protocol-22 March 1945.

Arab league: The Arab League, formally, the League of Arab States , is a regional organization of Arab countries in and around North Africa, the Horn of Africa, and Southwest Asia. It was formed in Cairo on 22 March 1945 with six members: Kingdom of Egypt, Kingdom of Iraq, Transjordan (renamed Jordan in 1949), Lebanon, Saudi Arabia and Syria. The aims of the league in 1945 were to strengthen and coordinate the political, cultural, economic, and social programs of its members, and to mediate disputes among them or between them and third parties. Common market was established in 1965 year.

Geography: The area of members of the Arab League covers over 13, 000 km 2 , and straddles two continents: Africa and Asia. The area consists of large arid deserts, namely the Sahara. Nevertheless, it also contains several very fertile lands, such as the Nile Valley, the Jubba and Shebelle valley of Somalia, the High Atlas Mountains, and the Fertile Crescent which stretches over Mesopotamia and the Levant. The area comprises deep forests in southern Arabia, as well as parts of the world's longest river, the Nile.

Member states: currently , the league has 22 members: Algeria Bahrain Comoros Djibouti Egypt Iraq Jordan Kuwait Lebanon Libya Mauritania Morocco Oman State of Palestine Qatar Saudi Arabia Somalia Sudan Tunisia United Arab Emirates Yemen

Eritrea, Brazil and 3 observer states: Venezuela

Organs: Arab league Secretariat. Arab Parliament. The Council of Arab league. The main organ is the Council of Arab league. Each member has only one vote in the Council , and decisions are binding for those who have voted for them.

Politics andadministration: The Arab League is a political organization which tries to help integrate its members economically, and solve conflicts involving member states without asking foreign assistance. It possesses elements of a state representative parliament while foreign affairs are often dealt with under UN supervision. The Charter of the Arab League endorsed the principle of an Arab homeland while respecting the sovereignty of the individual member states. The internal regulations of the Council of the League and the committees were agreed in October 1951. Those of the Secretariat-General were agreed in May 1953. Since then, governance of the Arab League has been based on the duality of supra-national institutions and the sovereignty of the member states. Preservation of individual statehood derived its strengths from the natural preference of ruling elites to maintain their power and independence in decision making. Moreover, the fear of the richer that the poorer may share their wealth in the name of Arab nationalism, the feuds among Arab rulers, and the influence of external powers that might oppose Arab unity can be seen as obstacles towards a deeper integration of the league.

Economic resources: The Arab League is rich in resources, with enormous oil and natural gas resources in certain member states. Another industry that is growing steadily in the Arab League is telecommunications. Within less than a decade, local companies such as Orascom and Etisalat have managed to compete internationally.

Foreign relations: The Arab League is filled with critical crises and conflicts, from the Iraq in the East to Ceuta in the West. Many superpowers have several interests in this vast rich region. China, Europe and the USA are seeking to expand their influence over the oil rich countries. The EU is trying to stop illegal immigration to its lands by poorer African Citizens passing from Arab States such as Libya, Morocco and Tunisia. The U. S. fears for one of its greatest allies, Israel, from neighbouring Arab States that do not support its existence, while also fears on the Iranian influence in the oil rich Persian Gulf. Russia with its strong diplomatic relations with Arab States from the Soviet Era, is trying to regain its strength by supporting their causes, especially in the Security Council. China has also started to take interest in the oil rich reserves that will help increase its economic growth. Meanwhile, other countries have large interests in the region. Turkey has faced tensions several times with its neighbouring Arab countries, Syria and Iraq over the Tigris and Euphrates rivers, when it built dams blocking their flow into the two states. Iran is trying to strengthen its Shia and Islamic influence by supporting rebellion and liberation movements against Israel, and U. S. led coalition forces in Iraq, while Spain and Morocco have increasing tensions over the Melilla and Ceuta dispute.

Summits: # 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 Date 13– 17 January 1964 5– 11 September 1964 13– 17 September 1965 29 August 1967 21– 23 December 1969 26– 28 November. 1973 29 October 1974 25– 26 October 1976 2– 5 November. 1978 20– 22 November 1979 21– 22 November 1980 6– 9 September 1982 1985 1987 June 1988 1989 1990 1996 27– 28 March 2001 27– 28 March 2002 1 March 2003 22– 23 May 2004 22– 23 March 2005 28– 30 March 2006 27– 28 March 2007 29– 30 March 2008 28– 30 March 2009 27– 28 March 2010 27– 29 March 2012 21– 27 March 2013 March 2014 Country Egypt Cairo Egypt Alexandria Morocco Casablanca Sudan Khartoum Morocco Rabat Algeria Algiers Morocco Rabat Egypt Cairo Iraq Baghdad Tunisia Tunis Jordan Amman Morocco Fes Morocco Casablanca Jordan Amman Algeria Algiers Morocco Casablanca Iraq Baghdad Egypt Cairo Jordan Amman Lebanon Beirut Egypt Sharm el-Sheikh Tunisia Tunis Algeria Algiers Sudan Khartoum Saudi Arabia Riyadh Syria Damascus Qatar Doha Libya Sirte Iraq Baghdad Qatar Doha Kuwait City

Military: The Arab League as an Organization has no military Force, like the UN or EU, but at the 2007 summit, the Leaders decided to reactivate their joint defense and establish a peacekeeping force to deploy in South Lebanon, Darfur, Iraq, and other hot spots.

Transportation: The Arab League is divided into five parts when it comes to transportation, with the Arabian Peninsula and the Near East being entirely connected by air, sea, highways and railway. Another part of the League is the Nile Valley, made up of Egypt and Sudan. These two member states have started to improve the Nile river's navigation system to improve accessibility and thus foster trading. A new railway system is also set to connect the southern Egyptian city of Abu Simbel with the northern Sudanese city of Wadi Halfa, and then to Khartoum and the Port of Sudan. The third division of the League is the Maghreb, where a 3000 km stretch of railway runs from the southern cities of Morocco to Tripoli in Western Libya. The fourth division of the League is the Horn of Africa, whose member states include Djibouti and Somalia. These two Arab League states are separated by only ten nautical miles from the Arabian Peninsula by the Bab el Mandeb, and this is quickly changing as Tarik bin Laden, the brother of Osama bin Laden, has initiated the construction of the ambitious Bridge of Horns project, which ultimately aims to connect the Horn of Africa with the Arabian Peninsula via a massive bridge. The project is intended to facilitate and accelerate the already centuries-old trade and commerce between the two regions. The last division of the League is the isolated island of Comoros, which is not physically connected to any other Arab state, but still trades with other League members.

Demographics of Arab League countries: The Arab League is a culturally and ethnically one association of 22 member states, with the overwhelming majority of the League's population identified as Arab (either on a cultural basis, or on an ethno-racial basis). As of July 1, 2013, about 359, 000 people live in the states of the Arab League. Its population grows faster than in most other global regions. The most populous member state is Egypt, with a population of about 91 million. The least populated is the Comoros, with over 0. 6 million inhabitants.

The Arab League has also played a role in shaping school curricula, advancing the role of women in the Arab societies, promoting child welfare, encouraging youth and sports programs, preserving Arab cultural heritage, and fostering cultural exchanges between the member states. Literacy campaigns have been launched, intellectual works reproduced, and modern technical terminology is translated for the use within member states. The league encourages measures against crime and drug abuse, and deals with labour issues—particularly among the emigrant Arab workforce.