
4f77162c6a93b363505bd112808a3664.ppt
- Количество слайдов: 17
The Large Hadron Collider at CERN: Entering a new era in unravelling the mystery of matter, space and time LHC Tsinghua, Beijing April 2009 Felicitas Pauss
Particle Physics Study the structure of the Universe at its most fundamental level: explore the basic physics laws which govern the fundamental building blocks of matter and the structure of spacetime Big Bang Proton Atom Radius of Earth to Sun Radius of Galaxies Universe Hubble WMAP cm ALMA VLT Tsinghua University Beijing, April 2009 2
Open Fundamental questions Particle mass ? Particle mass Dark Matter ? Unification of Forces ? LHC Matter-Antimatter Asymmetry? Answers to open questions LHC at CERN Tsinghua University Beijing, April 2009 3
Enter a New Era in Fundamental Science Start-up of the Large Hadron Collider (LHC), one of the largest and truly global scientific projects ever, is the most exciting turning point in particle physics. CMS LHCb Will address some of the most fundamental questions in modern physics ALICE LHC ring: 27 km circumference ATLAS Tsinghua University Beijing, April 2009 4
LHC: Exploration of a new energy frontier Proton-proton collisions at ECM = 14 Te. V Heavy Ions: Lead-lead collisions: Energy/nucleon = 2. 76 Te. V/u LHC The LHC will illuminate a new landscape of physics, possibly landscape of physics answering some of the most fundamental questions in modern physics, like e. g. physics The origin of mass Unification of fundamental forces New forms of matter Extra dimensions of spacetime Tsinghua University Beijing, April 2009 5
Future of High-Energy Frontier CERN became a GLOBAL LABORATORY Overall increase of CERN Users since May 2001: 46% increase since May 2001 26% Member States 97% Observer States (India, Israel, Japan, Russia, Turkey, USA) 121% Other States Tsinghua University Beijing, April 2009 Due to LHC 6
Chinese Involvement in LHC Experiments Chinese Institutes are involved in all 4 LHC experiments 3 Institutes Inst. of Atomic Energy, Beijing Hua-Zhong Normal Univ. , Wuhan Hua-Zhong Univ. , Wuhan LHC 7 members 4 Institutes 3 Institutes IHEP Beijing Nanjing Univ. Shangdong Univ. USTC Hefei IHEP Beijing Peking Univ. USTC Hefei 55 members 31 members 1 Institute Tsinghua University, Beijing 14 members Hardware contributions Preparation for physics analysis LCG: Tier-2 at IHEP Tsinghua University Beijing, April 2009 7
Chinese Involvement in LHC Experiments 32 MDT constructed at IHEP ATLAS China Group, meeting IHEP, May 2005 Examples Muon trigger chambers construction at Shandong Chinese muon chambers installed in the ATLAS detector Tsinghua University Beijing, April 2009 8
Chinese Involvement in LHC Experiments 1/3 of CSC chamber production at IHEP Examples Support carts All support carts for endcap disks were built at Hudong Shipyards CSC in CMS infrastructure and cabling and contribution to purchase of crystals from SIC RPC chambers are mounted behind the CSCs RPC’s for barrel muon system, Peking University RPC’ Tsinghua University Beijing, April 2009 9
Chinese Involvement in LHC Experiments Contribution to the production and commissioning of the readout and trigger electronics for out trigger electronics the Photon spectrometer Examples PHOS CCNU, Wuhan HUST, Wuhan CIAE, Beijing Construction of the HV card testing system at Tsinghua HV card testing system Testing of all the HV cards at NIKHEF (1850 HV boards) Chinese team participated in the ALICE installation at Point 2 ORC GEB at Tsinghua : Construction and testing of Gigabit Ethernet Board (GEB), Optical Receiver Card (ORC) Tsinghua University Beijing, April 2009 10
Collisions at LHC …. in 2009 Protons, Ebeam= 7 Te. V Beam crossings : 40 Million / sec p p - Collisions : ~ 600 Million / sec Write to disk : ~ 100 / sec, 1 -2 Mbyte each Tsinghua University Beijing, April 2009 11
Beam Conditions for Physics n Machine protection will be tested with beam (at 0. 45 Te. V energy levels) n Beam energy limit in 2010: 5 Te. V n Estimated integrated luminosity n The during first 100 days of operation. . ≈100 pb-1 Peak L of 5. 1031 η (overall) = 10% gives 0. 5 pb-1/day Peak L of 2. 1032 η (overall) = 10% gives 2. 0 pb-1/day n n During next 100 days of operation ≈ 200 pb-1? Towards end of year (2010) heavy ion run The LHC is an unprecedented adventure Imperative to progress with care Tsinghua University Beijing, April 2009 12
Present Status of Experiments Use time in most efficient way: Installation of some detector components, some repairs, commissioning using cosmics Gain operation experience in situ before collisions start CMS: 300 million cosmic events ATLAS: 216 million cosmic events CMS Tsinghua University Beijing, April 2009 13
Basic processes at LHC g W/Z Tsinghua University Beijing, April 2009 14
LHC Physics in 2009/2010 First beams: very early physics - rediscover SM physics Detector synchronization, in-situ alignment and calibration 10 pb-1: Standard Model processes measure jet and lepton rates, observe W, Z bosons first look at possible extraordinary signatures… first look extraordinary signatures 30 pb-1 Measure Standard Model Processes (at 10 Te. V need ~ 30 pb-1): Measure Standard Model Processes Background for new ~ 104 Z e+e- (golden Z’s for detector studies (1%)) physics ~ 105 W e Need to understand very ~ 103 ttbar (measure to 10%) well Initial Higgs searches and searches for physics beyond the SM > 200 pb-1 Entering Higgs discovery era and explore large part of SUSY and new resonances at ~ few Te. V Tsinghua University Beijing, April 2009 15
L=1035 Update 2009 LHC discoveries vs. time: we can dream !! “ We are ready for an unforeseen event that may or may not occur” (A. Gore) Tsinghua University Beijing, April 2009 16
Very exciting years are ahead of us CMS LHCb 谢谢! ALICE LHC ring: 27 km circumference ATLAS Tsinghua University Beijing, April 2009 17