THE JOINT FORCES OF CSIRO SCION IMPROVING

THE JOINT FORCES OF CSIRO & SCION IMPROVING DRYING OF WOOD HARVESTED IN 2040 Ensis Wood Processing Nawshad Haque Email: Nawshad. Haque@ensisjv. com THE JOINT FORCES OF CSIRO & SCION Personal webpage: http: //www. geocities. com/nhaque. geo

Outline ·Why & how drying wood? ·Why drying model? ·How to simulate & optimise? ·Some results THE JOINT FORCES OF CSIRO & SCION

Why drying wood important? · Reduce movement & decay in service · Better properties · Less cost to transport · Meet drying & export standard · Energy hungry process THE JOINT FORCES OF CSIRO & SCION

Air-drying site THE JOINT FORCES OF CSIRO & SCION

THE JOINT FORCES OF CSIRO & SCION Solar kiln designs

Solar kiln at Boral Timber’s Herons Creek site, NSW, AUSTRALIA Recent design of solar kiln by Solar Dryers Australia, Bellingen, NSW Solar kiln designs THE JOINT FORCES OF CSIRO & SCION

Industrial kilns · Manipulate temperature, humidity & airflow THE JOINT FORCES OF CSIRO & SCION

HT drying Radiata · 40 mm board, 8 m/s, 2 h, 2. 4 m wide THE JOINT FORCES OF CSIRO & SCION stack

Dry product · Structural · Appearance/furniture THE JOINT FORCES OF CSIRO & SCION

Typical drying example: Hardwood THE JOINT FORCES OF CSIRO & SCION

Optimise drying · Drying Time = f (DB, WB, Vel, Thick) · $/m 3 cost = f (DT, $Kiln, $Operation) · Quality = f (drying stress, uniform final MC) · Find minimum $/m 3 for a given set of conditions with acceptable quality THE JOINT FORCES OF CSIRO & SCION

Optimised schedule THE JOINT FORCES OF CSIRO & SCION

Procedure (Radiata) · Harvesting age: 30 years · Log diameter: 65 cm · Board: 100 mm x 50 mm · Board initial MC: 162% · Final target MC: 6% · High Temp: 120/70°C, at 7 m/s THE JOINT FORCES OF CSIRO & SCION

Procedure (Radiata. . ) · Tree age: 26, 35 years · Sap EW MC: 180 to 200% · LW Density: 520 to 420 kg/m 3 · Permeability increase or decrease: × 10 to base case; · Shrinkage: ± 10%, high & low THE JOINT FORCES OF CSIRO & SCION

Some results (MC) THE JOINT FORCES OF CSIRO & SCION

Effect of permeability THE JOINT FORCES OF CSIRO & SCION

Effect of shrinkage THE JOINT FORCES OF CSIRO & SCION

2 D Single-board model · 100 x 50 mm board, ring number- 18 & 24, sap early & late wood · High Temp 140/90°C, at 8 m/s THE JOINT FORCES OF CSIRO & SCION

THE JOINT FORCES OF CSIRO & SCION

Procedure (Blackbutt) · Eucalyptus pilularis · Board thickness: 43 mm · Initial MC: 44%; Final MC: 18% · Basecase reference diffusion -5 m 2/s; coefficient: 1. 145× 10 · Solar kiln sched (max<50°C) · Case 1 diffusion: +30% THE JOINT FORCES OF CSIRO & SCION

Effect of diffusion (Euc) THE JOINT FORCES OF CSIRO & SCION

Conclusions • Effect of parameters assessed: ØAge, sapwood initial MC, density - small ØPermeability - high impact ØShrinkage & Diffusion coefficient - significant below FSP THE JOINT FORCES OF CSIRO & SCION

Future challenges · Validated models for Hardwood & Softwood · Reliable objective function necessary · Find optimum process for particular wood type (including variability) THE JOINT FORCES OF CSIRO & SCION

Application · Benchmarking · What-if scenario analysis for future wood resources · Sensitivity analysis for expensive or cheap: ØKiln ØEnergy ØOperation costs THE JOINT FORCES OF CSIRO & SCION

CDK Hardware simulation THE JOINT FORCES OF CSIRO & SCION

CSIRO Continuous Dryer Green timber Dry timber THE JOINT FORCES OF CSIRO & SCION Courtesy: Richard Northway

Future tech · Superheated steam drying · Continuous Drying Kiln · In-kiln MC sensor development (MKS), integrated compact systems · Energy & emission · Solar drying, vacuum drying for some species · Microwave based drying systems THE JOINT FORCES OF CSIRO & SCION

DRYSPEC THE JOINT FORCES OF CSIRO & SCION

Web: www. ensisjv. com Thank You Questions? Email: Nawshad. Haque@ensisjv. com Personal website: www. geocities. com/nhaque. geo THE JOINT FORCES OF CSIRO & SCION