The issue of Education between Taiwan and Netherlands
作分配 v 常致泰 v ━ 教育分流、期末上台報告 v 李燕強 ━ 技職教育、投影片制作 v ━ 人文教育、投影片制作 v 陳振昌 謝宏裕 ━ 前言、英文簡介 張慧君 ━ 技職教育、期末報告整合 v ━ 前言、期中上台報告 v 柯秋霜 曹育欣 ━ 教育國際化、期末上台報告 v 吳嘉坪 ━ 教育國際化、投影片整合
Introduction v. Why we discuss education v. The following issues we discuss in our report Ø Ø humane education V. S education system education tracking and reform vocational education internationalization of education v. The reason why we choice these issues
Environment Education System Environment Higher Education Vocational Education Professional Human Resource International View Adult Education Humane Education Environment
Humane education v Humane education is to cultivate people the humane spirit. Humane spirit is one kind of attitude of life, a world view, a selfcultivation of personality.
Humane Spirit v Holland is a country full of humane spirit ØEnjoy in reading, traveling, art, life ØBack up system for medical care at home 居家醫療照顧 ØCarry out the euthanasia 安樂死 Humanism --People are most important
Humane spirit to education v From the experience of Holland, we find the design of education frame respect the choice of students and the system of supporting the needs of students. Students are most important
Taiwan's education system VS. Holland's education system 二技 大學 院校 (universi ty) 18 -22 高級 中學 15 -18 科技大學與 技術學院 Institutes/univ ersities of technology 18 -22 20 -22 junior college (2 years) 二專 18 -22 Senior vocational schools 高級職業中學 15 -18 大學 WO junior college (5 years) 五專 18 -22 VWO大 學預備 教育 15 -20 14 -18 高等 專 業 教育 HBO MBO 中等職 業教育 16 -20 18 -21 HAVO 高級 中學 14 -17 VMBO 初期預備職業中學 12 14 -16 9 年 義 務 教 育 國民中學 Junior high school 13 -15 國小教育 7 -12 Standard Flow Nonstandard But be allowed Flow 非標準但 容許進路 年 義 務 教 育 第一階段中等教育 (國訂課程) 13 -14 Common courses 國小教育 5 -12
The educational problems in Taiwan According to the research: The National Education policies and problems in 1999 by Taipei Teacher College and the investigation in 2001. 1. The heavy competition pressure on students. 升學競爭壓力大 2. Heavy Near sight. 近視 3. Low intention to study. 學習意願低 4. Violence in school yard. 校園暴力 5. Youth crime. 青少年犯罪 6. Transfer to better school. 越區就讀 7. Heavy cram. 惡補 8. Abnormal distribution in class arrangement. 非常態編班
The Main cause According to the research by our team and the report by National Taiwan University, 1996. “Compulsive Tracking System” is the Key.
What is “Compulsive tracking 強迫分流 ? ” v. No optional right for students. 教育選擇權 v. Student’s high school carrier must be decided by the united entrance examination. 聯考 v. The capacity of vocational high school to regular high school is 7: 3. (The Economic and Constructive Committee designed the capacity ratio. ) What is “tracking”(分流) ？ v. Tracks for students to continue their vocational or regular high school carrier.
What are the problems that caused by compulsive tracking？ United exam 聯考 Compulsive tracking 7: 3 Distorted the school education Heavy competition pressure on students 升學競爭壓力 Near sight 近視 Heavy school work 課業壓力大 Vocational high school education are discriminated 高職教育被歧視 Vocational education students are regarded as low level engineers or Mechanics 高職生被視為低層 程師或技 Degree orientation 升學主義 Diploma orientation 文憑主義 Five major education training lost balance 五育失衡 Star school 明星學校 Degree orientation 升學主義 Cross area to better school 越區就讀 Abnormal class arrangement 非常態編班 Low intention to study 學習意願低落 School violence 校園暴力 Youth crime 青少年犯罪 Heavy cram 惡補 Cause and effect diagram
Why Holland’s education system succeed ？ • Complete set of policies 完整的配套政策 Holland’s education system 大學 WO －Optional right of education. 教育選擇權 高等 專業 教育 HBO MBO 中等職 業教育 16 -20 －Tracking by Guide test & Coordinator’s suggestion. 導引測驗+導 師建議 －Strict education quality control system. VWO 大學預 備教育 HAVO 高級 中學 成 人 教 育 VMBO 初級職業教育 14 -16 嚴格的教育品質控管系統 －All comprehensive high school. 第一階段中等教育 (國訂課程) 非標準但 容許進路 全部是綜合高中 • Guidance instead of forced tracking. • Humanism 人本主義. 標準進路 國小教育
Our View Point Why our education reform fail? Not focusing on the main cause • –“ Compulsive Tracking” Reform polices are not in well package • –Ministers policies are not in series • 李遠哲： –cancel vocational high school –cancel entrance examination • No humane environment Our Proposition To Education Ministry Set up long term but definite goal • –Focus on the main cause “Compulsive Tracking”. • Set up package policies First of all : setup strict educational quality control system for all schools －Not qualify, no certificate, degrade －Guide students to choose his school or courses according to his competence －Guide students to study diligently
Our Secondly : turns all the Regular high school and Vocational high school into comprehensive high school. Proposition Thirdly : review the present patterns of entering the high school. －Take present basic competence － Provide both academic & vocational test as Guide test. training as well as for students to －Consider to adopt the coordinator’s change his course according to his suggestion as the pattern of entrance competence. to the course of comprehensive high － Postpone the tracking timing. school. － Break the social value of star schools. The last : stop compulsive tracking education system. －Carry out the student’s optional right of education. －Related polices. • The basic humane education environment.
Issue： Technological and vocational education(技職教育，TVE)
Taiwan's education system VS. Holland's education system 二技 大學 院校 (universi ty) 18 -22 高級 中學 15 -18 科技大學與 技術學院 Institutes/univ ersities of technology 18 -22 20 -22 junior college (2 years) 二專 18 -22 Senior vocational schools 高級職業中學 15 -18 大學 WO junior college (5 years) 五專 18 -22 VWO大 學預備 教育 15 -20 14 -18 高等 專 業 教育 HBO 18 -21 HAVO 高級 中學 14 -17 MBO 中等職 業教育 16 -20 VMBO 初期預備職業中學 14 -16 12 9 年 義 務 教 育 國民中學 Junior high school 13 -15 國小教育 7 -12 Standard Flow nonstandard But be allowed Flow 非標準但 容許進路 年 義 務 教 育 第一階段中等教育 (國訂課程) 13 -14 Common courses 國小教育 5 -12
Taiwan: university 大學院校 Institutes of technology (2 years) 二技 Institutes/univers ities of technology (4 years) 18 -22 科技大學與技術 學院 18 -22 高級中學 High school 20 -22 junior college (2 years) 二專 18 -22 junior college (5 years) 五專 15 -20 Senior vocational schools 高級職業中學 15 -18 36% : 58% Tracking
Holland 大學 WO 18 -22 高等 專業 教育 HBO 18 -21 VWO 大學預備教 育 HAVO 高級中學 14 -18 14 -17 40% : 60% Tracking MBO 中等職 業教育 16 -20 VMBO 初期預備職業中學 14 -16
Taiwan TVE’s problems 1. The social value about TVE is negative 2. Cooperative education programs(建教 合作) are not implemented thoroughly. Ø Both school and enterprise are: ━ ━ ━ lack of long-term plan lack of desires of R&D get used to strive by themselves
Taiwan’s TVE problems(cont. ) 3. Certification system(證照制度) is not practicable. 4. Teachers are short of practical working experience.
The TVE in Holland 1. 2. 3. 4. The public respect individual development. The path to enter higher school is diversified, and permit students to move horizontally. Cooperative education programs are well done. Better certification system and professional capability recognition.
Our propositions 1. 2. 3. 4. To promote TVE to be more diversified and flexible. To strengthen the cooperative education programs. To enhance the certificate value to improve the TVE course to tie in the trend of globalization.
Internationalization of education
The comparison between Holland Taiwan Holland Goal v. To enhance the quality of education v. To link education and foreign policy , create Netherlands as a “center of “ knowledge” Taiwan v. To enhance the quality of education v. To increase the competitiveness of the education in Taiwan
The comparison between Holland Taiwan Holland means v 13 international education colleges v. Provide many master and Ph. D programs lectured in English Taiwan vuniversity integration v. To encourage Taiwan schools to allay with foreign schools.
The comparison between Holland Taiwan Holland means v. Pay attention to the learning of second and third foreign language v. Promote all education stage fully internationalization： ━ promote the understanding of foreign culture ━The approval of foreign diploma ━cross-national learning and working Taiwan v. Promote the approval of China’s diploma. v. Promote the international exchange of academic research
What is the difference? v We don’t emphasis language education. Ø More than 44% Dutch people can speak 2 foreign languages. Ø Taiwan’s average TOEFL score is the last 4 th in Asia. v Holland’s field of vision is much broader than ours. Ø Holland: global Ø Taiwan: more focus on China v The focus are different: Ø Holland: training up students Ø Taiwan: we too focus on the competitiveness of education institution, ignore the competitiveness of students.
Our propositions 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. Enhance the global view as early as possible Strengthen language education. Promote the international mobility of student, teacher, and labor. Strengthen the collaboration relationship with foreign schools. Build Taiwan as a “Chinese learning center” “
Summary 1. Education tracking and reform： ━ we should change our compulsive tracking education system, and take volunteer tracking education system. 2. Humane education： ━ before improving the essence of humane, we should strengthen humane education. 3. Vocational education： ━ developing complete license system is the key point for improving the quality of human resource 4. Internationalization of education： ━ We should pay more attention on bringing up a person with international competitiveness.
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