The Israeli Palestinian Conflict Three Formative Pairs

The Israeli – Palestinian Conflict Three Formative Pairs Shaul Arieli 2012 www. shaularieli. com

The Israeli – Palestinian Conflict Three Formative Pairs 1. The Balfour declaration (1917) and the mandate (1922) recognizing the right for self-determination and its tools of implementation 2. The partition resolution (1947) and the independence war (1948 – 1949) the establishment of the state and the “inheritance” 3. The six day war (June 1967) and “resolution 242” (November 1967) the assets the basis of the conflict resolution

“Opening Shot” Balfour Declaration (1917) The Mandate (1922)

Balfour and others Balfour – “His majesties government looks favorably towards the establishment of a national home for the Jewish people in Israel with hopes to endeavor to facilitate the achievement of the project …” (Nov. 1917) Combo – “It would only be the justice and compensation , to support, with the help of the powers, the revival of the Jewish nation from the country it was expelled from centuries ago. The French government , has nothing to say but support your victory” June (1917) Wilson – "I am convinced that the allies, with full consent of our government and people, agree that in Palestine the foundation is laid for a Jewish community (1919) “

Balfour for the Zionist movement: 1: The support of the central world powers, Great Britain, within the vision of the Zionist Movement. 2: Historical right for the land of Israel – “ it is completely justified, that exiled Jews all around the world, will have a national center and a national home, where they can come together as one. And where could that place be if not in the land of Israel, where they are connected with for over 3000 years on such a deep and close level…” (Winston, 1919) 3: The need of the hour: “ Is the Zionism wrong or right, for better or worst, it revives from centuries of tradition, present needs and future hopes, and it has a much deeper significance many times more than the aspirations and prejudices of the 700, 000 Arabs which inhabit this ancient land” (Balfour, 1917)

The land of Israel during the ottoman empire – 1914 (separation of 1988) Tzur Sanjuk (district) What's in the Balfour declaration The term Palestine – region of Israel in general. Haifa The British governments desire to avoid any commitment - • Jenin The wailyah of B eirut Rational Wayilyah (provenience) Damascus The sanjak of Eglon The latest draft that was rejected “his majesties government accepts the printable that the land of Israel must rise again as the national home for the Jewish people. ” Petah – Tiqwa Nablus Tel Aviv – Jaffa Jerusalem Hebron Gaza Ber shebba

Allied plan concerning the Israel May – 1916 – Sykes Picot Rational A new region within British, Russian and French custody Tzur French region An Arabic state under British custody Haifa An Arabic state under French custody British enclave Tel Aviv Jerusalem Gaza Ber shebba Egypt (under British control)

The Zionist organization proposal during the peace conference in Paris 1919 Rational The Zionist organizations Proposition for the borders of Israel 45 – 50, 000 km Egypt (under British control)

Mandate for Palestine – Israel - 1922 Jewish – Arab settlements Rational Border lines according to the mandate Arab settlement Jewish settlement Co-existing territories For the Arabs of Palestine "The principle of self-determination is not applied to Palestine during the British Mandate created in 1922 due to the desire to enable the establishment of the Jewish national home. " • "The will of the Arab people of Palestine to ensure their national existence is a natural desire indeed. However, a nationalist Palestinian state, as opposed to Arab nationalism is in itself a phenomenon created not long ago and came into being only after the division of the Arab region by the settlement at the end of the First World War. " (Distribution Report, 1947) "We can not accept Zionist claims to include the Transjordan territory of the Land of Israel because there are no Jewish colonies there, and the local population publicly expressed its desire to join the Syrian Arab country" 28, 000 km • • 673, 400 Arabs • 83, 790 Jews

Rational Pure Arabic area (as declared by Hussein Ben Ali the sheriff from Mecca The border lines in the west of outside the Arabic state (as proposed by the British commissioner Mcmahon) Hijazian. Train tracks Hussein - Mc. Mahon 1915 Faisal - Weizmann - 1920 Wailyah of Haleb Cyprus (British) Wailyah of Beirut Wailyah of Damascus

Map 6. Great Brittan and the Arabs 1917 and on Rational Past Turkish territories, that were left to be supervised by the French in 1920 and later received independence Arab states that were assisted by Britain in their war against Turkey, 1915 – 1918 and received financial support from Brittan Arab territories under the British authority or supervision in 1914 that have all received independence Past Turkish territories, that were established with the British mandate in 1921, and later as independent countries Land of Israel Golf Of Oman Egypt Saudi Arabia n lf Go Of a Om

Balfour for Arabs as designed for Palestine: 1: Definition in the statement has also been but in a negative way "non-Jewish testimony". Thus, religious communities without national rights. 2: Britain granted piece of land that is not of hers (in 1917 the area was within Turkish rule) to a group which is not entitled to it ( the Zionist movement) at the expense of the owners and those who are entitled to it (local Arabs) (Edward W. Said). 3: " In addition council confirms that the aggression on the Palestinian nation and the its territory began in 1917" (PLO Convention, 1964).

Rational -Mandate Border lines -Arab villages -Jewish settlement -Integrated villages The Mediterranean sea The Zionist movement - self definition in the state 000, 82 קמ"ר of Israel “ While the basis for the Jewish aspiration for national independence was not essentially different from the aspiration of other nations, the way in which the Jewish people fulfilled its right of self definition indeed was extraordinary- because the Jewish tragedy was extraordinary. Is the moral justification being lessened, in the case of the Jewish people? ” (Rubinshtain and Yaacobson, 2003) Egypt- Under British authority Jordanian River

The Mediterranean sea The mandate document (1922) “To create political, administrative and economical conditions in the state of Israel, that will promise the establishment of the National Jewish home” sq. km 28, 000 • Egypt- Under British authority Jordanian River

For the Zionist Movement 1: “the Jewish people’s historical connection to Palestine was recognized and it is their right to reestablish their national home in this land”. 2: "Both the Balfour Declaration and the mandate included an international commitment to the Jewish people as a whole. “ 3: ”During the last two to three generations the Jewish people created a settlement that now includes approximately 80 thousand in population and about a quarter of them are farmers. This settlement has its own political tools… its issues are being run in Hebrew as a spoken language and Jewish press is utilizing its needs. It has its special intellectual life in the city and in the village therefore it has “national virtues”

“Establishment of a national home for the Jewish people in the land of Israel. . . being clearly understood that nothing shall be done which may infringe the civil and religious non. Jewish committees. . . " (Balfour Declaration 1917) ". . . While preserving the civil and religious rights of all the inhabitants of Palestine, irrespective of race or religion" Mandate in 2012

Israel - Identity, Borders and Regime Democracy Jewish State Demographic “. . And encourage the immigration of the Jewish masses to this land, so they can shape their destiny and establish their home” Geography

United Nations Partition Plan for Palestine Jewish state Arab state The separate body 1947 Jews 638, 000 • Arabs 1, 325, 000 • • The rise of the national Palestinian movement (1936 -9 , 1921, 1929 , 1920) • The White paper(1939 , 1930 , 1922) • Eastern European Jews- The “Bond” and North America • The holocaust

“Reduction of the area - this is the price we pay for the delay of the Jewish people in building the country and for the rapid growth of the Arab Movement” (1937 , Mordechai Namir)

" Certainly the Arab community in Israel has a right to self-determination and self-government, good faith dictates, that we will not deprive nor will we dismiss this right. ” Ben Gurion, Feb 1947

"The Inheritance" Partition Resolution (1947) The war of independence and the (1947 -1949) “Nakba”

United Nations Partition Plan for Palestine Jewish state Arab state The separate body Partition Resolution (181) 45% November 1947 … only by the means of partition, can the two conflicting national aspirations portray themselves and allow their two nations to come to terms with their independent nations within the international community and United Nations…” (Partition Report Conference, 1947) 55%

The Zionist Movement: The establishment of the state of Israel (May 14 th 1948)- “. . The State of Israel was established as a Jewish State in the Land of Israel, by virtue of the historical connection between the Nation of Israel and its land by the recognition and approval of the nations of the world. In the Declaration of Independence of the State of Israel, the new State was defined by the members of the National Council The Arabs of Israel: Recognition of the nation and its right for self-determintation

Population – The Rural Villages Survey (April 1945) District Arabs Jews Total Galilee Acre 184, 460 37, 350 230, 840 Haifa 115, 790 104, 310 224, 430 Jerusalem 284, 440 100, 280 384, 880 Lod Gaza Samaria 207, 210 187, 830 217, 090 293, 520 3, 040 14, 900 501, 040 190, 880 232, 220 Total 1, 196, 820 553, 400 31. 4%)) 1, 764, 320

Land Proprietary Right (April 1945) District Arabs Jews Communal Total Galilee Acre 1, 815, 536 576, 028 398, 633 2, 801, 383 Haifa 434, 666 364, 276 208, 047 1, 031, 755 Jerusalem 3, 993, 001 39, 679 243, 446 4, 333, 534 Lod 828, 812 251, 598 96, 591 1, 205, 558 Gaza 2, 766, 709 114, 491 10, 806, 967 13, 688, 501 Samaria 2, 736, 077 145, 627 360, 721 Total 12, 574, 801 1, 491, 699 (5. 7%) (10. 6%) 3, 262, 287 12, 114, 405 26, 323, 018

Israeli Arabs: "While 37% of the Jewish population in Palestine own only 7% of the field, 55% received their sovereignty from Israel, the Palestinians could not understand why they should pay the price for the occurrence Holocaust. . . They were unable to figure out why it is unfair that the Jews will be a minority in undivided Palestine while considered FAIR that the Palestinians who are living in the Jewish region , half the population is almost being of native-born ancestry - will override a minority subject to foreign rule "(Walid al - Khalidi , 1988)

Article 16 of the Palestinian Covenant: "Distribution of Palestine in 1947 and the establishment of Israel are essentially flawed, One is how it persist to exist, because they are contrary to the will of the Arab nation and the Palestinians and the natural right to its homeland, and since they Contradict the principles contained in the Declaration of the United Nations, and foremost - the right to self-determination. "

"Representative of the Jewish Agency told us yesterday that they are not the aggressor. Because it was the Arabs who started the conflicts and when the Arabs will stop firing, Jews will do too. As a matter of fact, we do not deny this fact. . We said to the world. . . that we do not agree that little Palestine should be divided. . and that we intend to fight against it " (Jamal al - Husseini, the Arab Higher Committee representative Security Council on April 16, 1948)

Results of the war Palestinians Israelis De facto loss of the right to self- Establishment of an independent determination state and a UN recognition The division of Palestine between Israel and Jordan and Egypt Armistice Agreements lest 78% of the land of Israel about 711 thousand refugees, a small minority in Israel demographic balance of 84 -16 towards the Jews The destruction of over 400 villages, the abandonment of the 11 cities involved, massive property loss (3. 5 to 4. 6 million hectares. . . ) Control over the land refugees’s property Loss of 3, 000 people Loss of 6, 000 people the About a million Jewish refugees from Arab and Muslim countries

-Armistice lines 1949 Rational -Armistice lines Israel Jordan and the West Bank under its control JEWS 1, 000 • ARABS 156, 000 • Egypt and Gaza under its authority Un. Excessive region The Zionist stand "The military can conquer all territory between Jordan and the ocean. But what kind of country will we have, assuming that there are elections and Deir Yassin is not our policy. We will have a parliament with an Arab majority. Between the choice of the whole country or a Jewish state, we chose a Jewish state". 20. 8% 1. 2% (1949 April 4 th , Volume 1 , Parliament debate)David Ben Gurion 78%

Assets and Solutions Six Day War / cover (June 1967) Security Council Resolution 242 (November 1967)

Israel and the territories in authority post six day war 1967 Rational Syria - 1967 border lines Israel - Territories that were occupied the war Jordan Israel Sinai Peninsula Egypt Saudi Arabia

Israel, the Arab countries and the Palestinians 1. International legitimacy for the 1949 border lines in exchange for the occupation in 1967. 2. Arab countries - the return of occupied sovereign territory (peace agreements). 3. Establishment of a Palestinian state only on 22% of the territory in exchange for the recognition of Israel (1988).

Israel / Palestine Size 28 000 square kilometers Population Israel Jews - 5. 55 million Arabs - 1. 3 million West Bank + Gaza + East Jerusalem Arabs - 4. 2 million Jews - 0. 5 million

The new threat Eastern Front - surface missiles and terrorism, including rockets and mortars

Palestinian state 1. Conventional capabilities 2. Terrorism

Regions = security Security = demilitarization 1. Demilitarization for the exchange of strategic depth 2. International Presence 3. Warning stations 4. Aerial space

Development of Israel's position in the negotiations regarding the permanent border Taba Anapolis 7%

What is the Israeli stance toward the old secure territories ?

What is the Israeli stance toward strategic roads?

Control over waters?

Airport Landing routes?

Rational --1967 borders Jewish settlements – Jewish Infrastructure/farming – area – Palestinian village Settlements that were evacuated in 2005 - Israeli borders Beyond the Green Line Judea and Samaria 324 thousand Jews In 124 communities East Jerusalem 193 thousand Jews In 12 neighborhoods Total persons beyond the Green Line 517 thousand Jews the west bank Israel Jerusalem

Rational -1967 borders -The historical basin -Annexed territory to Israel 6. 5% -Annexed territory to Palestine 5. 8% -Jewish settlement that will be annexed to Israel -Jewish settlement outside of Israel’s borders -Palestinian village Territory and borders The Israeli proposal Palestine (the west bank) ISRALIES 85% 6. 5% TERRITORIES Israel Jerusalem

Rational Territory and borders The Palestinian proposal -1967 borders -The historical basin -Annexed territory to Israel 2% -Annexed territory to Palestine 2% -Jewish settlement outside of Israel’s borders -Palestinian village Palestine (the west bank) 70 -75% ISRALIES 2% TERRIROTIES Palestine (Gaza strip ) Israel Jerusalem

Two Capitals in Jerusalem

The issue of Jerusalem -1967 borders -Jerusalem municipal borders -Old city -Israeli settlement -Palestinian village -Jewish settlement -Jewish infrastructure/ Agriculture Jerusalem Israel WEST BANK (2010)United Jerusalem KM 126. 4 • (64%) JEWS 500, 000 • IN THE EASTERN 193, 000) • (SIDE (36%) ARABS 281, 000 •

In many ways I think Jerusalem is advancing“ said Olmert and immediately altered “. . . I'm talking about West Jerusalem. I'm talking about neighborhoods where Jews live, even the parts that were not part of the city until 1967. Regarding other parts of Jerusalem, where no Jews live, there is no big change. "I've reached very sad conclusions regarding Jerusalem's future as a united city. . No Israeli government, since the year of 67’, has made even the smallest effort to unite the city in the practical sense. Even the government I led didn’t do everything in its power to turn Jerusalem to a united city. While we did invest in Jerusalem, we consciously invested in the western part of city, primarily the new neighborhoods like Har Homa, Pisgat Ze'ev, Ramot Gilo. We avoided from investing in territories that I believed were not going to be apart of Jerusalem under Israeli sovereignty. “ Ehud Olmert, May 2012.

Jerusalem Israeli proposal Jerusalem Palestine Israel -1967 borders -Municipal Borders of Jerusalem -The historical basin -Annexed territory to Israel 6. 5% -Annexed territory to Palestine 5. 8% -Jewish settlement that will be annexed to Israel -Jewish settlement outside of Israel’s borders -Palestinian village

Jerusalem - Palestinian Proposal – Annapolis (2008) Ramallah Giv'at Ze'ev Jerusalem Palestinian Proposal Mount Scopus Jerusalem Palestine Israel 1967 Borders Jerusalem's municipal boundaries The Old City Bethlehem The historic basin An attached territory to Israel An attached territory to Palestine Israeli settlement Gush Etzion Efrat Jewish settlement Jewish Industrial/Agriculture Zone Palestinian settlement

Jerusalem - The historic basin Annapolis (2008) 1967 Borders The Old City The historic basin Solution in the historic basin Jerusalem 2. 5 Square Kilometer 5. 2 קמ"ר 60, 000 Residents • Palestinians - Demographic division • Israel International Management The Old City Mount Zion Gehenna The Temple Mount Kidron Valley Mount of Olives

Refugees

Refugees Absorption • Israel – 10005000 for 5 years • Palestinians – 10, 000 for 10 years • “It will be unreasonable to ask Israel to absorb 5 million refugees or even a million refugees”, says Abu Mazen. “The meaning of that will be the end of the state of Israel”.

Key Issues And Parameters for The Arrangement • Borders – ’ 67 borders as a base (With territorial exchanges in ratio of 1: 1) • Security - demilitarization of the Palestinian state and ending the terror and violence. • Jerusalem – dividing east Jerusalem to two capitals. • Refugees - solving the refugee problem not by returning to Israel.

“I was within touching distance from a peace agreement. The Palestinians never rejected my proposals. And even if in the 1, 000 th time there will be factors that will try to claim that they rejected my proposals, the reality was different. They didn’t accept them, and there is a difference. They didn’t accept them because the negotiation didn’t end, it was almost done. If I was to stay prime minister four-six more months, I believe that you could reach a peace agreement. The differences were very small, we reached the last stretch” Ehud Olmert, May 2012

Molcho and Erekat Conversation at Amman Israel Territory • How many more Israelis and less Palestinians under Israeli sovereignty • Israel will annex the large settlement blocs Security Israel will maintain a presence in the Jordan Valley for a certain time • The border in Jerusalem will not be discussed Palestinians • 1967 borders as a base. • Demilitarization of the Palestinian state army and heavy weapons • 1: 1 land swaps in the • Placing an amount of 1. 9% international force in the borders.

Demographic Forecast Percentage of Jews : Year State of Israel (78%) Land of Israel (100%) 2015 80. 8% 48. 6% 2030 78. 3% 43. 9% 2050 77% 33%

What is the proposed alternative for the division?

The Religious Sect and The Recruited Religion “There is no national or international law to change our position, our rights… The fate of these areas, according to Jewish law, as the Land of Israel under Jewish rule, and overall there is sovereignty, Jewish property and ownership. . ” (Rabbi Goren, 1995) “In term of pure religion… Every knowingly concession (of areas in Israel) is a intentional violation of the sanctity of the land Covenant of the pieces” (The Chief Rabbis, 1937).

We Returned Home Here, in Bet El 3, 800 years ago the Land of Israel was promised to the People of Israel by the Creator of the Universe By virtue of this promise we are living today in Haifa, Tel Aviv, Shilo and Hevron

The Religious Dimension and the Recruited Religion “Under the wing of Islam, it is possible for the followers of the three major religions - Islam, Christianity and Judaism - to coexist in peace and quiet with each other. Peace and quiet would not be possible except under the wing of Islam. Past and present history are the best witness to that” (The Hamas Covenant, 1987). “The land of Palestine is one unit that can’t be divided, there is no difference between Haifa or Nablus, between Lod or Ramallah, and between Jerusalem and Nazareth… the land of Palestine is a Waqf land consecrated for the benefit of all Muslims, from east and from west. No one has the right to divide it or give any part of it. ” (PA Radio, 1999)

We pray three times a day "and forecasts eyes return to Zion in mercy. " We want to return to Israel. But the question if this whole land of Israel, or a half or a quarter of it is not a religious question. Our sources anywhere [. . . ] No command of "one inch. " On the contrary [. . . ] is your responsibility here and now [. . . ] reality in which you live. And if after all the horrors of the 20 th century finally gathered here five million Jews, we are responsible for them [. . . ]. I am totally against Christianity, it can kill and cause us to lose this country“. Yonatan Bassi 2005 "You come to the conclusion that in very difficult circumstances you must withdraw. But the withdrawal is made while internalizing that there is no other choice and without doubting your right. You say: It is my absolute right and justice is with me, but in this generation I do not have the power to exercise it. " Ze'ev Hever, Zambish, before the disengagement in 2005

It is inconceivable that because of these precious places. . . We shall give up the acquisition of new real options (meaning country). . . across the country we poured blood, we created spiritual values, built tombstones. However, we now face the possibilities to be a great power in the land, without getting our facilities and tombstones. We must find in us Potency moral decision. “ Moshe Sharett, Zionist Congress 1937

A non-Jewish state • “It is better that the Palestinians would be citizens of Israel, than to divide the country, " Parliament Speaker Rivlin, May 2011. • "If Jordan was ready to absorb both territories and more population, it would have been much easier and natural. But Jordan does not agree. This is Why I say you can look at another option. An option for Israel to apply its law to Judea and Samaria and grant citizenship to a million and a half Palestinians" Moshe Arens, 2011 • Begin the process culminating in the Palestinians' Blue identity card, a yellow number, social security and the right to vote for the Knesset. “ Uri Elitzur, 2011 The "one country, in which the children of settlers and Palestinian child will be on the same bus together" Emily Amrousi, July 2010

Non democratic state • “If the Palestinian leadership will continue in the one-sided political disturbance, the Prim Minister must act on the same coin: Apply immediate sovereignty on all Jewish settlements in Yehuda and Samaria”. Parliament member Danon, April 2011 • You have turn to to a positive action. . . to clarify that we are allowed to act unilaterally to declare the sovereignty of Judea and Samaria, or at least part of the territory (like the settlements territory), depending on the majority we can get in the parliament. . . swarm of sovereignty on the land slowly move forward. " (Parliament member Elkin, May 2011) • "Israel will extend sovereignty over areas B and C in the West Bank, including all the Jewish settlements in the West Bank without any exception. Israel would allow the Palestinians in these areas to receive Jordanian - Palestinian national citizenship. . . in A, the IDF will continue to dominate in terms of security, in coordination with the Jordanian police “ Parliament member Orlev, 2011 • “The annexation should be done in stages, starting with the Jewish settlement. But the other half of the equation. . . the Arab residents of Judea and Samaria will be Israeli residents and citizens of the Palestinian state in Jordan . . The day is close, when the Arab spring will come to the Kingdom of Jordan, and the king will rule over the Palestinian people. Thus they will have their own state. “Parliament member Eldad, 2011

• “The Anti Boycott Law and Inquiry committees are the first stage in a country that wishes to be ruled by a right-wing, because so people voted. And there is nothing more important to the public in Israel than the sovereignty, since it the most profound implementation of the people in Israel. We want sovereignty!. . This is something that will be politically possible only if a large popular movement will call the government to apply sovereignty to Judea and Samaria, and run counter to the media to pressure the left “ • The first step must be applied sovereignty over the territory C. 100, 000 Palestinians live in Area C in Total , this is the whole story. Accommodate 100, 000 Palestinians is something that Israel can certainly deal with. It will be a important test to the large application of sovereignty. " • ". . . The one who does not accept the solution of the Jewish state can not be a citizen with political rights. "(Parliament member Hotobuely, June 2011) • "They tell us there is an issue, two values collide: the land of Israel or democratic government. Do not even compare the two. Eretz Israel is a vision, it's a target, it's a goal. Democracy is a rule, the tool, we should not be confused here, the issue is simple. How can you even compare the land of Israel and a democratic government or other? "Jewish Katzover, July 2011 • Applying Israeli sovereignty unilaterally on Area C, providing blue identity cards to tens of thousands of West Bank residents and transfer of Gaza to Egypt” Naftali Bennett February 2012

2012 JEWS IN THE LAND OF ISRAEL 52. 2% JEWS IN THE STATE OF ISRAEL 82. 3% Position of the international community Recognition of the Palestinian people and their right to an independent state within the 1967 borders with Israel Palestinian offer Expected changes? Nuclearization in the Middle East? Weakening of the U. S. ? Arab world led by the Islamic movements? Hamas - the PLO? Zero increase - refugees? Jordan - alternative homeland?

Website WWW. SHAULARIELI. COM "Israeli negotiations territorial aspect - Palestinian permanent status” Ron Pundak, Shaul Arieli, Rabin center 2004 "You've got great did not really see, " Shaul Arieli, Carmel Publishing, 2006 "Injustice and Folly" Download site Floersheimer Institute, Shaul Arieli, Dubi Schwartz, Hadas Tagari, 2006 WWW. FIPS. ORG. IL • “Homa Umihdal”, “aliat hagag publishing- Yediot books, Shaul Arieli and Michael Sfarad, 2008 2010 , Download in the website , "The right of thought”, Shaul Ariely 2010 , Download in the website , "People & Borders", Shaul Ariely