The Hornbostel Era Key Issues New

The Hornbostel Era

Key Issues: • New age of American campus design at the turn-of-the-century. • New wealth and elevation of culture. • Additive growth (“Old Main” plus…) replaced by grand schemes. • American architects influenced by École des Beaux Arts (Paris). • Campuses adopt group plans of Beaux Arts planning. • Carnegie Tech founded in 1900 as secondary technical school. • Beaux Arts campus integrates technology and culture. • Imprint of Andrew Carnegie and architect Henry Hornbostel. • Recognition by the architectural press. Key Issues

Carnegie Technical Schools Competition. 1904.

Carnegie Technical Schools Competition Program: • Design of buildings for Administration, School of Applied Sciences, School for Apprentices and Journeymen, Technical School for Women, School of Applied Design, Service (592, 000 square feet) • Buildings should have an architectural treatment of great simplicity. • Instructive examples for laboratories and shops include technical institutes (e. g. Pratt Institute) and industrial plants (e. g. Westinghouse Electric and Manufacturing Co. ) • Special attention must be given to natural lighting • Special attention must be given to the simultaneous movement of large numbers of students and the movement of wagons of heavy materials Carnegie Technical Schools Competition. 1904.

Invited Competitors: • Carrere & Hastings • Frank Miles Day & Brother • Cass Gilbert • Howells & Stokes • George B. Post Winner: • Palmer & Hornbostel Carnegie Technical Schools Competition. 1904.

Howells, Stokes and Hornbostel. University of California Competition [second place]. 1900.

World’s Columbian Exposition. Chicago. 1893.

Beaux Arts Group Plan • Monumental scale • Unified organization and architecture • Grid • Strong axes • Symmetry • Hierarchy of major and minor buildings and spaces • Ability to accommodate many buildings and additions within plan Architecture • Italian Renaissance pavilions • Tall round-arched windows • Low pitched roofs Beaux Arts.

Palmer & Hornbostel. Carnegie Technical Schools Competition [winner]. 1904.

Palmer & Hornbostel. Campus Master Plan. 1906.

Palmer & Hornbostel. Campus Master Plan. 1911.

Thomas Jefferson. University of Virginia. 1817 -1826.

Palmer & Hornbostel Mall. 1905 -1916.

Palmer & Hornbostel. School of Applied Industries (Porter Hall). 1906.

Henry Hornbostel. Administration Hall (Baker Hall). 1914.

Roman Triumphal Arch Greek Temple Front Leon Battista Alberti. Sant’Andrea. Mantua. 1470 -1472.

R. Guastavino Company Henry Hornbostel. Administration Hall (Baker Hall). 1914.

Henry Hornbostel. Machinery Hall (Hamerschlag Hall). 1912 -1914

Henry Hornbostel. Machinery Hall (Hamerschlag Hall). 1912 -1914.

Andrea Palladio. Villa Barbaro. Ca. 1549 -1558.

Henry Hornbostel. Machinery Hall (Hamerschlag Hall). 1912 -1914

Claude-Nicholas Ledoux. Blacksmith Building at Saltworks of Chaux. 1770 s.

Henry Hornbostel. Machinery Hall (Hamerschlag Hall). 1912 -1914

Temple of Vesta. Rome. Late 2 nd century B. C. Claude-Nicholas Ledoux. Barriére de Reuilly. Paris. 1786. Richard Mique. Temple de l’Amour. Versailles. 1777 -1778.