The history of the network INTERNET Internet

The history of the network INTERNET

Internet is an international computer "network of networks", acting in cooperation and connecting with each other a variety of users, including government agencies, educational institutions, libraries, corporations, hospitals, individuals, etc.

The end of the 60 s • Advanced Research Projects Agency U. S. (ARPA) has proposed to develop a computer network In autumn 1969 the first successful session godasostoyalsya exchange of information between the four computers : University of California at Los Angeles : Stanford Research Center : University of Utah : University of California at Santa Barbara

Thus was born the first network which was named ARPANET (Advanced Research Projects Agency Network)

Important facts: "September 1, 1969 - the first server installed ARPANET at UCLA in Los Angeles (Computer «Honeywell 516" had 12 KB of RAM). "1971 - developed the first program to send email network, which immediately became very popular. "1973 - to the network are connected via a transatlantic telephone cable is the first foreign organization in the UK and Norway, the network has become international.

Important facts: "January 1, 1983 - the ARPANET switched to the protocol TCP / IP, which has been successfully applied so far. It was in 1983, the term "Internet" was fixed for the ARPANET. "1984 - developed a system of domain names (English Domain Name System, DNS). "1984 - in the ARPANET came a serious rival Intercollegiate Network NSFNet (abbreviated from the English. National Science Foundation Network), organized by the U. S. National Science Foundation (NSF).

Important facts: " 1988 - invented the protocol Internet Relay Chat (IRC), so that the Internet was made possible realtime communication (chat). "1989 - in Europe, within the precincts of the European Council for Nuclear Research was born the concept of the World Wide Web. It is suggested that the famous British scientist Tim Berners-Lee, who is also a period of two years has developed a protocol is HTTP, HTML and identifiers URI. "1990 - the ARPANET ceased to exist, completely lost the competition to NSFNet. In the same year there were the first connection to the Internet via a telephone line.

Important facts: "1991 - The World Wide Web became widely available on the Internet. "1995 - The World Wide Web has become a major provider of information on the Internet, was founded World Wide Web Consortium. " Since 1996, the World Wide Web is almost a substitute for the term "Internet". " In the 1990 s, the Internet combines the majority of then existing networks. " By 1997, the Internet, there were already about 10 million computers were more than 1 million domain names. The Internet has become a very popular medium for information exchange.

Social and cultural face of Internet

Internet Community - A group of people with common interests and communicate primarily through the Internet. The Internet provides tremendous opportunities for technical communication. In addition, the Internet is relatively easy to find people with similar interests and views of the world. In addition, communication in the network to start psychologically easier than in person.

Internet addiction Definition of Internet addiction is: "It's obsessive desire to enter the Internet, while offline, and the inability to exit the Internet, as online" According to various studies, internet addicted today are about 10% of users worldwide. Russian psychiatrists believe that those now in the country 4 -6%. Menu

Trolling - Psychological and social phenomenon, noted by the Internet in the 1990 s, and hinders normal communication on the web. Internet troll, or simply troll (English troll) is called the World Wide Web of people who deliberately publish provocative articles and reports (in forums, newsgroups, Usenet, the wiki), designed to cause conflicts between the parties, flame, abuse, war , etc. pravokatsii themselves such articles and reports are also sometimes referred to as trolls. The process of writing these posts is called trolling. Currently, any popular forum, newsgroup, and wiki faces trolls and trolling.

Cyberpunk Back in the mid-1980 s, formed a special sub-genre of science fiction that focuses on computers, high technology and the problems that arise in society due to the destructive use of the fruits of technological progress. Plot works of this genre is often fight hackers with powerful corporations. Genre is widespread in the literature, the cinema ("Hackers, " "Network"), alternative music, graphic works (especially anime) and video games. The term "cyberpunk" invented and coined by Bruce Bethke writer, who in 1983 published a story titled. Less common are offshoots of the genre such as kibertresh and nanopank.

Network jargon Attribute of the Internet culture is the use of "emoticons", acronyms (abriviatur) English expressions special words and slovosochetany of particular value other than the usual.

Examples of jargon 4 - (for - to) for example, « 4 U» - (for you) «for you. " BB - (bye-bye) bye! FAQ - (frequently asked questions) FAQs (provided a list of "question-answer"), an analogue of the Russian language - "FAQ" (frequently asked questions) GGG - laugh (Ha Ha Ha) GL - (good luck) good luck! IMHO - (in my humble opinion) in my humble opinion (IMHO) OMG - (oh, my God) «O Lord!" - Expressed surprise and irritation. pls, plz - (please) - please short, widely spread, first in a chat room and then out of their Thnx!, Sometimes tnx, thx (THX), 10 x, ty - (thanks, thank you) thank you x. o. - Kiss, embrace

Examples of jargon Avatar, avatar, Avatka, Avik, Ava, Avchik, Avatar (avatar) Userpics (user - the user, picture - picture) - the picture that the user chooses as his avatar. It is mainly used in web forums, blogs Ip, Aypishnik - IP-address Ban, Banana (ban) - used in web forums, chat rooms or online games. The ban for the user to send messages. "Ban, ban imposed" ban for the user to do anything (post, reply to, or view them). Barsik, Vas - the programming language BASIC Baton, Button (button) - button. "Pressed loaves» (press button), «press / stomp loaves" - to work at the keyboard, working mouse.

Examples of jargon Beech - a laptop. Bekapit - (backup), to back (belay) copies. Google - search the internet (the name comes from Google). Zipovat - use the archive, compresses data in a format zip. Donkey, a donkey - Browser Internet Explorer Kryaknut, kreknut - to crack the program. Lamer - (lamer - lame) inexperienced users of computers with high self-esteem. Linuh, tench - the operating system Linux. LOL - (lol - «Laugh [ing] out loud» ) - a loud laugh. As a rule, is used to express a compliment to a sense of humor in conversation. Often used in the debate, as an expression of disrespect to the opponent's arguments. To enhance the effect, the middle of the letter "o" is often multiplying, for example, "looooooool. "

Examples of jargon Mesaga - message (chat, forum, IM) Brains - RAM. Momed - Modem. Cut - to write to CD-R-discs. Ognelis - browser Mozilla Firefox. Sabzh, Subzh - (subj. , short subject) topic of conversation, usually on the forum, what is specified in the message subject. Flood - (flood «flood"), sometimes Flood, repetition of identical or nearly identical messages; Fotozhaba (from the name of Adobe Photoshop) fake photograph taken with the installation or the imposition of graphical effects. Kettle - an inexperienced user, the person who does not know how it is expedient to use a personal computer in the right amount for him. Bloomers - shareware, shareware software.