THE HISTORY OF GEODETIC INSTRUMENTS Made by St

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THE HISTORY OF GEODETIC INSTRUMENTS Made by: St. gr. GKb – 12 -1 Oleg Magliona

HYPERLINKS General information Modern instruments: theodolite Modern instruments: tacheometer A Brief History of Geodesy Invention of first instruments Modern instruments: levels Developments in geodetic instrumentation

A BRIEF HISTORY OF GEODESY

GENERAL INFORMATION Geodesy - is the scientific discipline that deals with the measurement and representation of the Earth.

GENERAL INFORMATION There were many ideas about the figure of the Earth in ancient times. All of them thought that earth has a spherical form.

The invention of the telescope, theodolite and development of logarithm tables AN OLD TELESCOPE Old Theodolite

A THEODOLITE XIX cent. theodolite A device for measuring: Horizontal angles; Vertical angles.

Theodolites have been used in navigation and astronomy

A theodolite can help determine the distance and height of a feature.

LEVELS Automatic levels make use of a compensator, which ensures that the line of sight is always horizontal. It reduces the effect of minor settling of the tripod to the actual amount of motion. These instruments became standard in the later part of the twentieth century.

DIGITAL LEVEL LASER LEVEL Digital levels electronically read a bar-coded scale on the staff. Laser levels project a beam which is visible and detectable by a sensor on the leveling rod. LEVELS

TACHEOMETER A tacheometer is a type of theodolite used for rapid measurements.

Tachymetry - is the process of measuring distance indirectly. This can be done by measuring time and speed in a moving vehicle. MODERN TACHEOMETER AND MEASUREMENTS

DEVELOPMENTS IN GEODETIC INSTRUMENTATION (1975 - PRESENT): the improvement of astronomic latitude and longitude determinations (by Automated Astronomic Positioning); new techniques for astronomic azimuth determination, transfer, monitoring (ring laser and nuclear magnetic resonance gyroscopes); absolute gravity measurements.

Thank you for your attention. Made by: St. gr. GKb – 12 -1 Oleg Magliona

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