The history of descending to New Ocean Depths

The history of descending to New Ocean Depths Throughout history, scientists have relied on a number of specialized tools to measure, map, and view the ocean's depths. In this presentation are introduced the main highlights.

Breaking the stereotypes 1 submersibles • are not fully autonomous • may rely on a support facility or vessel for replenishment of power and breathing gases • typically have shorter range • may be relatively small, hold only a small crew, and have no living facilities. submarines • refer to a large crewed autonomous vessel • have living facilities • can work at greater depths than submersibles

Breaking the stereotypes 2 Submarines seem to be modern inventions, but is it really so? • The origin of the submarines goes back to the fourth century B. C. E. • Around 1620, Drebbel built submersibles Historians consider Drebbel's vessels the first practical use of a maneuverable submarine.

XVIII century • Submarines built in the United States, England, France, Germany, and Italy • 1775 - The first military submarine «the Turtle» • 1800, «the Nautilus» -a human-powered submarine designed by American Robert Fulton.

XIX century • 1863 - French Plongeur (Diver) • 1879 - the fully operational submarine Toro Submarin • 1888 - the Peral Submarine

Early 20 century By 1903, the U. S. government gave Holland a contract for six more submarines, creating the world's first submarine fleet. By World War I (from 1914 to 1918), a submarine had been a weapon of war for over a century. • 1892 - German engineer Rudolf Diesel invented the new engine • September 5, 1914 - the German submarine U-21 sunk the British Pathfinder, the first ship successfully sunk by a fully submerged submarine. • During World War II (from 1939 to 1945), submarines were improved with better engines and longer ranges.