THE HISTORY OF CHEMISTRY TECHNICAL CHEMISTRY AND IATROCHEMISTRY

THE HISTORY OF CHEMISTRY. TECHNICAL CHEMISTRY AND IATROCHEMISTRY.

OCCURRENCE JATROCHEMISTRY AND TECHNICAL CHEMISTRY. Since the Renaissance, in connection with the development of increasing importance in alchemy began to acquire commercial and practical focus: metallurgy, ceramics, glass and paint.

Rational sections of the XVI century. Iatrochemistry. Technical chemistry. Libau A. , R. Glauber, JB Van Helmont , O. Taheniya, Paracelsus. Biringuccio B, G. Agricola and Bernard Palissy.

Iatrochemistry – the section of chemical science , which originated in the XVI and XVII centuries. The word "Iatro" was the Greek word "doctor" or "medicine. " The main aim of chemistry at the time - it's preparation of medicines. Chemists iatrochemistry era sought to put at the service of medicine chemistry. Representatives of iatrochemistry considered the processes occurring in the body, such as chemical phenomena of disease as a result of impaired chemical equilibrium , and set the task of finding chemicals to treat them.

The most impact vocal proponent of iatrochemistry was Theopharastus von Honhenheim, also known as Paracelsus (14931541). The word «Paracelsus» means «superior Celsus» . Famous alchemist and physician Swiss- German descent, one of the founders of iatrochemistry. He founded the discipline of toxicology. Paracelsus as Avicenna believed that the main goal of alchemy not searching for ways to get gold, and production of medicines. He borrowed from the alchemical tradition teaching that there are three basic parts of matter mercury, sulfur , salt. Turning to determine the causes of diseases , Paracelsus claimed that fever and plague occur in the body of excess sulfur in excess mercury paralysis , etc.

Very well known phrase of Paracelsus: "All things are poison, and nothing is without poison; only the dose permits something not to be poisonous. " That is to say, substances considered toxic are harmless in small doses, and conversely an ordinarily harmless substance can be deadly if overconsumed.

According to of Paracelsus, a man - is a microcosm that reflects all the elements of the macrocosm, the link between the two worlds is the power of "M" (starts with that letter name Mercury). According to Paracelsus, a man (who is also the quintessence, or fifth, the true essence of the world) is made by God from "drawing" of the whole world and bears the image of the Creator. There is no forbidden for a man of knowledge, he is able to and, according to Paracelsus, even the duty to investigate all the entities available not only in nature, but also beyond. Paracelsus leave some alchemical works, including "Chemical Psalter, or philosophical rules of the Stone of the Wise", "Nitrogen or the wood and the threads of life, " etc. It is believed that he gave the name of zinc metal. Zn

It should be understood that Paracelsus, Henry Cornelius and their followers were persecuted papal Church fought against all manifestations of the main goals of nonsense. Among the main targets Holy Office were almost all Faustian figure type, which became known as the "Renaissance of the Magi. " These were people whose thirst for knowledge and visionary aspirations cover art, science, theology, philosophy, medicine, technology, astrology, alchemy and magic.

Ian Helmont Franciscus Sylvius Andreas Libau The main representatives of iatrochemistry directions were Ian Helmont (1577 -1644), a doctor by profession; Franciscus Sylvius (1614 -1672), who enjoyed great fame as a doctor and eliminate iatrochemistry teachings of "spiritual" beginning; Andreas Libau (c. 1550 -1616) doctor of Rothenburg. Their studies have greatly contributed to the formation of chemistry as an independent science.

Technical chemistry and iatrochemistry brought directly to the creation of chemistry as a science at this point were accumulated skills of experimental work and observations , in particular, developed and improved stoves and laboratory devices , methods of cleaning substances (crystallization, distillation , etc. ), obtained new chemical preparations. The main result of the alchemical period as a whole , in addition to the accumulation of a large stock of knowledge about the matter , was the emergence of an empirical approach to the study of the properties of matter. Alchemical period was absolutely necessary transitional stage between natural philosophy and experimental science.

BENCH MINT RUBY

bun + u=o CARBON

or What type of metal? IRON!

Thank you for your attention!