The Great Triumvirate Clay, Calhoun, & Webster
The Great Triumvirate Henry Clay John C Calhoun • Between 1812 and 1850 had more impact on American government than any three politicians in American history. • none were ever elected president • they left a lasting legacy on American politics – more presidents of their day could match. Daniel Webster
Henry Clay • Born 1777 in Hanover County, Virginia • Studied law in Richmond • Joined the Bar in 1797 and moved to Lexington, Kentucky
Clay’s Political Career • Nov 1806 – March 1807 – appointed to U. S Senate to fill an unexpired term, even though he was not the required age of 30. • Jan 1810 - March 1811 – Filled another unexpired term in Senate from • March 1811 – Jan 1814 – served as Speaker of the House – Commissioner to negotiate treaty to end War of 1812
Clay’s Political Career March 1815 – March 1825 • – – served as Speaker of the House created the American System and the Missouri Compromise 1825 - 1829 • – Secretary of State for J. Q. Adams 1831 – 1842 • – – U. S. Senate created the compromise tariff to end the Nullification Crisis 1849 – 1852 • – – U. S. Senate created the Compromise of 1850
Clay for President • Election of 1824 – Democratic-Republican th – places 4 – but helps decide the election as Speaker of the House • Election of 1832 – Whig – against Jackson – supports the Bank, loses • Election of 1844 – Whig – against James K. Polk, – does not support the annexation of Texas, loses
“I’d rather be right than president” - Henry Clay
The Great Compromiser
John C. Calhoun • Born in 1782 in Abbeville, South Carolina • Graduated from Yale • Became a lawyer
Calhoun’s Political Career • 1811 – Nov. 1817 – House member • 1817 -1825 – Secretary of War for James Monroe • 1825 – 1829 – Vice-President for J. Q. Adams • 1829 – 1832 – Vice-President for Jackson – issues Doctrine of Nullification, resigns in Dec 1832
Calhoun’s Political Career • 1832 – 1843 – U. S. Senate from South Carolina • 1844 – 1845 – Secretary of State for Tyler • 1845 – 1850 – U. S. Senate – Compromise of 1850 • argued to support slavery and the rights of slave holders in the debates over the, dies before the final votes on the parts of the Compromise make it law.
“In looking back, I see nothing to regret and little to correct. ” - John C. Calhoun
Champion of State’ Rights
Daniel Webster • 1782 born in Salisbury, New Hampshire • Graduated from Dartmouth College • Admitted to the Bar in 1805
Webster’s Political Career • 1813 – 1817 – Represented New Hampshire in the U. S. House • 1816 – Moved to Boston, Massachusetts to pursue his legal career • 1823 – 1827 – Represented Massachusetts in the U. S. House • 1827 – 1841 – Represents Mass. in the Senate – spoke against nullification in the Webster-Hayne Debates • 1836 – Runs for president as a Whig, loses to Van Buren
Webster’s Political Career • 1841 – 1843 – Secretary of State for W. H. Harrison then Tyler, – Webster-Ashburton Treaty, 1842, settled the boundary between Maine and Canada • 1845 – 1850 – Senate – supported the Compromise of 1850 against the wishes of his supporters • 1850 – 1852 – Secretary of State for Fillmore – Known as one of the best orators of his day, school children memorized parts of his speeches for generations
Webster and the Supreme Court • Argued 171 cases before the U. S. Supreme Court – People packed the courtroom to hear him when he was arguing a case • Dartmouth College v. Woodward – made contracts more secure • Mc. Culloch v. Maryland – defended the Bank of the U. S. and won • Gibbons v. Ogden – defended Gibbons and supported the idea that transportation is part of commerce
Defender of the Union
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