The Gospel of Apartheid Alec Ryrie The

The Gospel of Apartheid Alec Ryrie

The Cape Colony in the late 17 th century

The Khoikhoi as the early Dutch settlers saw them …

… and as they saw themselves

The Cape Colony in 1820

The shameful and unjust proceedings with reference to the freedom of the slaves. . . their being placed on an equal footing with Christians, contrary to the laws of God and the natural distinction of race and religion … Anna Steenkamp

The principal routes of the ‘Great Trek’ (against modern borders)

Battlefield at ‘Blood River’

The fierce vermin worsen, stark naked black hordes, following tyrants. How the handful of trekkers suffer, the freedom seekers, creators of a People. Just like another Israel. Revd J. D. du Toit, Potgieter’s Trek (1909)

Revd Andrew Murray (1828 -1917), Scottish minister in the Dutch Reformed Church (DRC), advocate of mission and reluctant sponsor of the 1857 concession

Aftermath of the battle of Spion Kop, 1900

We hold this nationhood as our due for it was given to us by the Architect of the universe. . The history of the Afrikaner reveals a will and determination which makes one feel that Afrikanerdom is not the work of men but the creation of God. Daniel F. Malan, leader of the NP

Areas allocated for ‘native’ use by the Native Lands Act, 1913

Badges of the Ossewabrandwag (OB)

The theology of apartheid • Human diversity is God’s will • The unit of that diversity is the nation (‘Volk’) • Nations are created by God and must be preserved inviolate • Hence ‘separateness’ ( = ‘apartheid’) • ‘Each nation has a right to be itself and to try to develop and uplift itself. … Spiritual and cultural segregation [is] to the benefit of both sections. ’ (DRC mission policy, 1935)

The Boer nation can therefore understand the sufferings of the Bantu [black South Africans]. It is the same imperialism and capitalism, having them believe that the foreign is better than what is their own, which seeks to destroy their tribal life. Geoffrey Cronje, A Home for Future Generations (1945)

Prof. Gustav Gerdener (1881 -1967), idealistic theorist of separation

South Africa’s new National Party government, 1948

If we came together, and then agreed that the solution is that we should separate, then separate development would have a moral basis. But now only one section says we must separate and dictates how we should separate. Manas Buthelezi, 1977

Hendrik Verwoerd (1901 -66), chief architect of apartheid and prime minister 1958 -66

Revd Beyers Naudé (19152004), DRC minister, leading participant in the Cottesloe consultation …

… founder of the Christian Institute (1963), leading antiapartheid campaigner

Desmond Tutu (1931 -), elected president of the South African Council of Churches 1976

They were … good men who had inherited certainties, which no longer seemed certain, and who were now groping their way, in considerable intellectual, and some moral, discomfort. Conor Cruise O’Brien, 1979

DRC report, 1974: ‘Race, people and nation, and relations between peoples in the light of Scripture’

Factors which impede the happiness and full development of a Christian marriage would render such a marriage undesirable. DRC report, ‘Race, People and Nation’, draft text (1974)

Factors which impede the happiness and full development of a Christian marriage and those which would eventually destroy the God-given diversity and identity, would render such a marriage undesirable and impermissible. DRC report, ‘Race, People and Nation’, amended text (1974)

Revd Allan Boesak (1946 -), anti-apartheid campaigner in the Dutch Reformed Mission Church

Johan Heyns (1928 -94), bellwether conscience of the DRC

The application of apartheid as a political and social system by which human dignity is adversely affected, and whereby one particular group is detrimentally suppressed by another, cannot be accepted. DRC report, ‘Church and Society’, draft text (1986)

Johan Heyns (1928 -94), bellwether conscience of the DRC

I confess before you and the Lord, not only my own sin and guilt, and my personal responsibility for the political, social, economical and structural wrongs that have been done to many of you and the results of which you and our whole community are still suffering from … Willie Jonker, statement at the Rustenburg Conference, 1990

… but vicariously I dare also to do that in the name of the D. R. Church of which I am a member, and for the Afrikaans people as a whole. Willie Jonker, statement at the Rustenburg Conference, 1990

I believe that I certainly stand under pressure of God’s Holy Spirit to say that. . . when confession is made, then those of us who have been wronged must say ‘We forgive you. ’. . . It [the confession] is not cheaply made and the response is not cheaply made. Desmond Tutu, statement at the Rustenburg Conference, 1990

The Gospel of Apartheid Alec Ryrie