The Global Brain Drain 全球性的

The Global Brain Drain 全球性的人才外流主讲：黄新英语教程年华盛顿根 Guatemala Unit 7, Book II 斯里兰卡印度

Introduction: Study abroad has existed for thousands of years. But in more recent decades, the world has increasingly become a global community, and study abroad has flourished. Since World War II there has been a dramatic increase in foreign students coming to the United States to study. In 1986, the number of foreign students was more than 1 million.

America’s gain is often another country’s loss 美国所获得的往往是另一个国家所失去的 Immigrants at New York Harbor

These graduate students in a university laboratory record data from an oscilloscope.

This map shows the numbers of people (in thousands) who immigrated to the United States between 1820 and 1990.

II. Comprehension Questions 1. What does the "brain drain" refer to in this article? 2. It refers to the flow of and where do they and Who are these people talented, educated come from? (Para. 1) into the United States. intelligent people They are outstanding students and trained professionals formerly from Europe and now mostly from the third world

II. Comprehension Questions 3. What are the causes for their outflow? (Para. 3&4) a) The students move to study in U. S universities, accept challenging jobs and high salaries upon graduation. b) The well-trained professional emigrate to the U. S. A. in search of an easy life 4. Why are the foreign students welcome in the U. S. ? (Para. 3) These students are dedicated individuals of discipline, diligence and dignity; and are a treasure to any country.

II. Comprehension Questions 5. What is the cost to the countries that lose the "minds and hearts"? (Para. 5) n The outflow of the well-educated people – deal a blow to the native land's human resources, – create a bottleneck in the home country's economic development – and leave fewer professionals to take care of their welfare. n The best and brightest lose the confidence of those who remain in the motherland.

II. Comprehension Questions 6. Are there any measures being taken to stop the outflow? (Para. 6&7) Many countries have mounted efforts to 7. What is the result of the measures taken? counter the outflowing tide. It They shame that the measures taken prove n is a promise many benefits to those who want ineffective. Today the queue for immigrant visas to return home. to the U. S. A. is still growing n

Read New 本课生词： Aloud Words 1. visa 2. widen 3. gap 4. embassy 5. mortgage 6. administration 7. dedicated 8. customs 9. diligence 10. dignity 11. dean 12. adviser 13. immigrant 27. admission 14. departure 15. wage 16. visible 17. costly 18. lawyer 19. prosperity 20. presence 21. severe 22. poverty 23. sophisticated 24. inevitable 25. weekday 26. tide 28. apply

Par. 1 America's gain is from India loss. 1. When a scientist the native land'sor a professor from Guatemala or a doctor from the Philippines moves to the U. S. , America’s gain is the native land’s loss. Since few American professionals head out to settle elsewhere in thethe U. S. Rich country: world, the flow of difference educated people serves only to widen the gap between the land of plenty and the lands of poverty. Poor countries

2 -1. Thoughit is nothing new brain Though nothing new, the drain has recently seemed more than ever. But, would. They want in ahouse, whereas and to e. g. taking from the poor be rather live a flat. they giving to the rich: whereas 30 years ago most well-qualified newcomers to the U. S. arrived from Europe, now they stream in from the poorer flow in as a stream; come in in a World. countries of the Third great number. It also implies "difficult to stop".

drain N. pipe, channel, etc. for carrying away water or other unwanted liquids; using up of force, time, wealth, etc. Vt. lead off (liquids)by means of drains 1) There's a bad smell; something is wrong with the drains, I suppose. 2) All this extra work was a drain on his strength. 3) Military expenditure has been a great drain on the country's resources. 4) Land must be well drained for some crops.

Stream VI. to flow fast and strong; pour out 1) Tears streamed down her face. 2) The water streams out of the broken pipe. 3) The workers streamed from the factory. 4) Light streamed in through the window when I parted the curtains.

2 -2. It is very strange that the What’s the function of “it”? It is a formal underdeveloped countries, which subject. have the greatest need for scientists, engineers, managers, and other professionals, are in fact losing many of their best educated young men to the developed countries. Par. 2 Brain drain is taking from the poor and giving to the rich.

3 -1. The first to leave are outstanding students who win admission to U. S. universities and who, not surprisingly, accept challenging jobs Jobs high salaries in America upon andwhich are difficult and interesting. their graduation. Each year, for instance, some 6, 000 Taiwan Chinese arrive to study in the U. S. ;

challenge n. an invitation to play a game, run a race, have a fight, etc. to see who is better; (fig) something with this quality Vt. to invite to play a game, to have a fight, etc. 1)The young man accepted his enemy's challenge to fight. 2) To build abridge in a day was a real challenge. 3) Ann is ready to meet all kinds of challenges. 4) I challenged him for a game of cards. 5) The enemy leader is going to challenge our king to fight.

3 -2 no more than 20% ever return home. Many of the top students at the famous Indian Institute of Technology at Kharagpur are quickly hired by the U. S. National Aeronautics and Space Administration. (NASA)

Par. 3 Outstanding studentsare Third World of dedicated 3 -3. “These students nations are offered difficult and interesting jobs individuals of discipline, diligence and high salaries in America. dignity, ” says Robert Ringler, an 这些学生都 dean 身 the 人，都是 associate 是具有献of 精神的 University of 遵守纪律、勤奋苦干、受人尊敬的人。 California, Los Angeles, who is an adviser to Asian students. “They are a treasure to any country, and it is a shame that their homes sometimes It is too bad that their homes don't have what is necessary to don’t have the resources to nurture further their development and keep them there. and hold on to them. ” to hang on to, to keep

discipline n. training, esp. of the mind and character ; order kept; set rules; subject 1) Some teachers maintain discipline more strictly than others do. 2) The children were clever, but there was not much discipline in the school. 3) Pronunciation drill and question and answer work are good disciplines for learning a foreign language. 4) You're no good at history, so you'd better choose one of the other disciplines.

What is to Third World nations is 4. No less costlycompared prefer poverty in the Par. 4 Many people wouldwith? It is compared with what has been said above, U. S. to steady outflowing of outstanding students. an uneasy prosperity of well-trained the equally migration at home. the professionals in search of a life, any life, in America. The wage differential between the U. S. and Mexico, for example, is 15 to 1. For many others, even poverty in the U. S. is preferable to an uneasy prosperity unstable, insecure, uncertain, difficult, uncomfortable at home: thus lawyers and doctors from Many other people prefer to live poor life in washing Central America may abe foundthe U. S. rather than a life which seems to be prosperous cars or working as waiters in Miami. but full of anxieties and worries at home. 主语补足语

no less (expressing surprise at a large number or amount )equally 1) No less than 1000 people came. 2) No less difficult is it for a young man of 20 to deal with such a sophisticated problem. 3) It is no less painful for me to say this than for you to hear it.

Whatever the cause, the 5 -1. Whatever there (it) is, cost for countries that lose minds and hearts to the U. S. can be high. The presence Outstanding people who are of 8, 000 Israeli engineers in the U. S. important to their country. has, according to Yosef Kucik, emigration adviser to the Israeli government, “created a severe bottleneck in the development of sophisticated industry in Israel. ” 尖端业

5 -2. Around half of the 1, 000 students who graduate each year from the 27 medical schools in the Philippines go abroad, leaving one doctor tending to as many as 20, 000 people in some of the country’s rural areas. 农村 Par. 5 Loss of minds and hearts causes difficulties in the development of sophisticated industry.

tend to to look after, to take care of; to give help to 1) She tended to her sick husband for 20 years. 2) Tend to your own affairs. 3) The young woman has gone away, leaving a baby with nobody to tend to it. 4) Who’s tending the shop when you’re away? 5) Janet tends to get very angry if you annoy her.

6. 6 Third World nations many countries great Par. Inevitably, unavoidably have made have efforts to control the outflowing tide. hard mounted efforts to Try very counter the outflowing tide. An Israeli professional in the U. S. who considers going home, for example, is promised to receive a host of benefits, including a handsome mortgage on a new house, A large amount of loans to cover moving costs and a waiver 关税 customs duties on of everything except a car.

counter v. to oppose, move or act in opposition 1) Our theory counters his. 2) The debater counters with another argument. 3) The employer countered his request for more money by threatening to dismiss him.

A host of: a large number of 1) She had left a host of details of her plan unexplained. 2) A host of troops armed with modern weapons are moving towards the North. 3) His two roommates were there to welcome him, as well as a host of others. 4) He got a host of admission letters from various universities. 5)He found a host of different species of birds on the island.

Benefit n. advantages; help; favor Vt. do good to, VI. (by, from ) receive benefit from 1) Did you get much benefit from your holiday? 2) The money is to be used for the benefit of the poor. 3) We should repay the benefits we receive from our parents and teachers with kindness. 4) His work did not benefit him; he got no money for it. 5) No one benefited from/by the news.

7 -1. Few countries can afford to take satisfaction from the departure of To be satisfied with their best and brightest. In the process, they lose not only the resources of those who leave but also the confidence of those who remain. That loss is physically visible in an image common to most Third World capitals: the long line that snakes each weekday around the U. S. embassy.

7 -2. In loss of intelligent people is still growing. Par. 7 The Mexico, most applicants must wait eight years for a U. S. immigrant visa. 移民签证 In India, 140, 000 people are on the waiting list for 20, 000 annual U. S. immigrant visas. Most difficult of all, perhaps, is Hong Kong, where nearly 31, 000 people have applied for the 600 places available each year. That could mean a wait of more than 50 years. And the line is growing longer.

apply v ask to be given; put (sth. ) into use or into position to serve its purpose 1) You may apply for the job in person or by letter. 2) You must apply to the teacher for permission. 3) This rule does not apply in all classes can adapt and apply in all classes. 4) Businesses are looking for software that they can adapt and apply at once to their own accounting procedures.

Outline: 1. US’s gain is other countries' loss of outstanding people. (para. 1 & 2. ) 2. Causes for the steady migration （ para. 3&4） 3. students' seeking higher education, 7） Effects of the outflow tide (para. 5& getting 4. challenging jobs economical pay and living Countermeasures (para. 6） difficulties in the and high and industrial easier life development; the loss have confidence; the third world nations of made efforts to widenedthe outflow and to attract talented control gap people home

Key Words 本课重点词组： 1. drain n. vt. 2. more than ever 3. stream vi. 4. challenge n. vt. 5. discipline n. 6. It is a shame that. . . 7. hold on to (to hang on to) 8. no less 9. preferable to 10. tend to 11. counter v. 12. a host of 13. benefit n. vt. vi 14. apply

Fill in the blanks with appropriate words Outstanding students and well-trained professionals are a treasure to any country. It is a __s-(1)__ that the brain drain has recently seemed more than ever to be __t-(2)__ from the poor and __g-(3)__ to the rich. The __d-(4)__ countries have the greatest need __f-(5)__ scientists, engineers, lawyers, managers and other __p -(6)__. Their __d-(7)__ is a great loss to their native lands. Few countries can __a-(8)__ to take satisfaction __f-(9)__ the brain. (1 -shame)\ (4 -developing)\ (7 -departure)\ (2 -taking)\ (5 -for)\ (8 -afford)\ (3 -giving)\ (6 -professionals)\ (9 -from)\

(continued) ( __E-(10)__ should be mounted to __c-(11)__ the outflowing tide and __h-(12)__ on to the students and professionals, __w-(13)__ the students and professionals ought __n-(14)__ to forget the country and the people that have __n-(15)__ them. (10 -Efforts)\ (12 -hold)\ (14 -not)\ (11 -counter)\ (13 -whereas / while)\ (15 -nurtured)\

Assignment: 1. Read aloud the text and review the key words in the context 2. Do all the exercises to Part A 3. Study the grammar---Subject-verb agreement 4. Hand in the translation work(Ex. IX &X) next class

Class Is Over! Thank You and Good-bye!

The Global Brain Drain 全 球 性 的

The Global Brain Drain 全球性的