THE GLASGOW RESEARCH PARTNERSHIP IN ENGINEERING Director Professor

THE GLASGOW RESEARCH PARTNERSHIP IN ENGINEERING Director Professor Jim Mc. Donald University of Strathclyde 1

Aims The GRPE was established late 2006 via an investment of over $120 m by the Scottish Funding Council and partner Institutions in order to: • Enhance the competitiveness of Engineering in Scotland • Consolidate Engineering Research as a key wealth generator • Develop a competitive focus for world leading Research • Create a strong base on which high quality international partnerships can be built • NB 25 new academic appointments are currently being made and these will be supported by 35 post-doctoral researchers and over 50 Ph. D studentships 2

Joint Research Institute (JRI) in Electronic, Power & Communication Systems 3

Departmental Overview Department(s) of Electronics and Electrical Engineering • • Univ. of Glasgow academic staff 34 research technologists 7 technicians 44 research assistants 52 Ph. D students 62 MSc students 35 Undergraduates 300 Univ. of Strathclyde 55 8 39 96 124 65 550 Both RAE 2001 Grade 5 research quality rated Departments 4

Research Groups/Strathclyde Energy and Environment Electrical Power Systems Power Electronics and Drives High Voltage Technology Protection and Control Renewable Energy Sources Distributed Generation AI decision support methods Ultrasonics Comms and Signals Broadband Communications Wireless Networks Digital Communications Network Design and Control RF Systems Control Wind Energy Control Systems Transducer Design Complex Systems Control Theory Acoustic Signal Processing Stochastic/Dynamic methods Non Destructive Evaluation AI based interpretation methods Micro Systems Transducer Design MEMS Optoelectronic Systems 5

Research Groups/Glasgow Nanoelectronics Top-down nanofabrication Ultra-fast systems Quantum transport Atomic Force Microscopy Device theory and modeling Optoelectronics Ultra-fast optical switching Semiconductor lasers Photonic ICs Nonlinear optics Theory and modeling Photonic band-gap devices Microsystems and Bioelectronics Diagnostic biosensors Tissue engineering DNA sequencing Lab-on-a-chip Lab-in-a-pill Robotics Music Technology Power and Energy Power system analysis Power Electronics Renewable Energy 6

JRI in Electronics, Communications and Power Systems • Combine established strengths of research in SU and GU E&EE Departments (research pooling) • SU E&EE has international class strengths in Electrical Power Systems and Communications Systems • GU E&EE has international class strengths in Physical Electronics and Microsystems 7

JRI Theme 1: Electronic Systems • Electronic devices – fundamental to all future advances in communications, power delivery and control, micro-systems, MEMS, imaging. • Technology platforms – fundamental prerequisites for viable integration of devices into systems – manufacturability, yield, reliability, performance, etc. • Micro- and nano-fabrication – essential integration technologies • Research challenges – develop novel ultra-fast electronic/optical/bioelectronic devices using nanofabrication integration techniques 8

Technology Summary Europe’s fastest III-V transistor technology World’s fastest semiconductor laser 2 mm World’s first 77 GHz In. P Vector Modulator World’s first Si/Si. Ge HMOS amplifier Europe’s fastest MMIC amplifier 9

Nanofabrication 10

JRI Theme 2: Communications & Information Systems • Communications technology – advances as systems become more distributed • • wireless networking smart sensors • Complexity – increases with distributivity – interfacing in heterogeneous systems • Signal Processing Architectures – coding and modulation formats; multi-channel; high bandwidth • Research challenges – devise SP architectures that are compatible with deliverable technology platforms 11

Communications Research Collaborative & complementary research areas include: • • • Wired networks (traditional cable, powerline) Mobile (eg. 3 GEvolution and 4 G generation), Wireless (provision of >100 Mbit/s, IEEE 802. 1 x, IEEE 802. 2 x) Wire-free communication (acoustic, ultrasonic, optics) Wireless sensor networks (environment monitoring & control) Signal processing (algorithms and architectures) Data management in complex networks Multi-media communications (speech, audio, image, video) Channel modelling (signal propagation environments) 12

Diversity • The growth in the requirements of instant, reliable, and very high bit-rate communication at any time and in any place will expand significantly in the next 5 years. 13

Diversity Real time modelling and simulation, stochastic modelling for design and control purposes 14 Reference to application areas eg comms networks and/or power applications

JRI Theme 3: Power and Energy Systems Generation Sources – Major challenges to connect and manage a diverse, low carbon, sustainable set of generation sources from conventional thermal to nuclear and renewable (wind, wave, tidal, solar and bio-mass) coupled with demand side optimisation. Distributed Generation and Active Networks – New, highly distributed power systems will be required to accommodate large volumes of DG and the concept of “intelligent” networks is attractive making the network highly active. Integration and Energy Conversion – A key enabling technology for grid interconnection and active network management is power electronics. This will also provided new supply flexibility allowing energy conversion from diverse sources to range from 50 Hz, 240 v, 3 -phase AC to variable voltage, variable frequency multi-phase forms depending on requirements (NB Marine and Aero electrical applications are also attractive opportunities) Research challenge – Electrical system design innovation underpinned by control methods, electronic devices and communication strategies for the integration of power from highly distributed sources to the network grid and creating the potential for “power islands” or “autonomous power cells” 15

Cross Disciplinary Themes The following slides illustrate how the Electronics theme of the GRP can support the Energy theme i. e. it shows how the “white space” between Electronic and Power research can be addressed. 16

Heterogeneous electronic systems for nuclear process monitoring and control • Opto-electronic and optical fibre sensors (SU, GU) • Ultrasonic transducer arrays for structural monitoring (SU) • Optical MEMS sensors (SU) • Silicon microelectronics (GU) • Wire-free sensor networking (SU, GU) • UHF sensors (SU) • Intelligent data interpretation (SU) • Ref British Energy Adv Research Centre, GSES Sim. Centre, EPSRC Eng. D Centre Micromachined ultrasonic array (CUE) 17

Heterogeneous electronic systems for fuel cell monitoring • Infra-red lasers for water vapour monitoring (GU) • Carbon nanotube sensors for hydrogen (SU) • MEMS sensors for temperature (SU) • Wire-free sensor networking (SU, GU) • Sensor/system integration (SU, GU) • Ref EPSRC Supergen V–Energy Storage, and Rolls-Royce-UTC in Electrical Systems 18

Heterogeneous electronic systems for HV switchgear and transformers (Partial Discharge monitoring) • • • Sensor arrays for RF emission (SU) RF MEMS switches (SU) Ultra-low-noise RF amplifiers (GU) Electronic/RF design (GU) Intelligent data interpretation (SU) Refer Electric Utilities Programme with 26 Intl’companies and EPSRC Supergen V Infrastructure & Monitoring Programme Centre for Distributed Generation and Sustainable Power Generation MEMS RF switch (CMP) 19

Joint Research Institute in Environmental, Infrastructure and Transportation Engineering 20

Themes and Threads Environment & Infrastructure Sustainable Transportation Aerospace Engineering Stakeholder values, Computational & Laboratory methods 21

Research Challenges Environment & Infrastructure Waste, Pollution, Health & Biotechnology Contaminated land, Traffic Pollution, Solid Waste & Bioremediation 22

Research Challenges Environment & Infrastructure Fluvial & Coastal Processes, Flooding & Flood Defences River engineering, data assimilation modelling, flood embankments 23

Research Challenges Sustainable Transportation Sustainable Mobility Improve accessibility, reduce congestion, reduce social exclusion 24

Research Challenges Sustainable Transportation Marine Transportation Cargo handling, Traffic Congestion, Modelling Port & Ship Operations 25

Research Challenges Aerospace Engineering Flight Simulation & Control Nonlinear Predictive Control, Inverse Simulation, Traffic Management 26

Research Challenges Aerospace Engineering Aerodynamics & Space Systems Noise, pollution, efficiency, CFD, autonomous control, solar sail 27

Joint Research Institute in Mechanics of Materials, Structures and Bio-Engineering 28

Performance of Materials and Structures at Exceptional, Severe or Extreme Conditions High Temperature Payload orbit transfer with motorised tethers Hazard Mitigation, Protection, Emergency, Blast, Impact ASR, DEF Spalling of Concrete in Fire, Fire stable cements Material Degradation, Chemo. Mechanical Coupling 29

Performance of Materials and Structures • • Upscaling, REV Computational Homogenisation Multiscale and Multiphysics THERMAL Heat conduction Heat advection (Phase changes latent heat Stressstrain • • MECHANICAL Net/effective stresses Suction/Water pressures Temperature Multi Barrier Waste Disposal • • • HYDRAULIC Liquid flow Gas flow Air dissolution in water Air diffusion in water Phase changes Vapour diffusion Gas generation and transport 30

Characterisation and Testing Macro, Meso, Micro, Nano Micromechanical Testing and Modelling FIB micro machining Thermal conductivity Topography Testing and thermal conductivity imaging on a nano scale Topography Crack path in the heat affected zone Temperature Fracture of Damaged Materials Performance of Materials and Structures Cement Nanoindentation ITZ 31

Composites and Emerging Materials Glass fibres/ polypropylene matrix Bubble Free Resins Carbon fibres/ epoxy matrix Woven and stiched fabrics NDT of Adhesives Polymer composite materials 32

Biomechanics and Rehabilitation Engineering Movement and Activitybased Therapy Outcome Measures Cardiopulmonary fitness Bone integrity Tissue viability – – – Cycling in paraplegia via leg-muscle stimulation Standing and balance active balance re-training; balance control during quiet standing Treadmill gait therapy, robot-assisted gait cardiopulmonary testing protocols; tests of functional status muscle bulk seating pressure tissue oxygenation Muscle properties – – fibre type composition (contractile speed) spasticity strength volitional function Function Restoration Cardiopulmonary status: metabolic monitoring Bone integrity p. QCT scanning Muscle bulk MRI scanning Exercise options: cycling, armcranking, treadmill Standing and balance Respiratory function: abdominal, intercostal stimulation Bladder and bowel function: Muscle properties implanted neural dynamometry prostheses 33

Biomechanics and Rehabilitation Engineering, Tissue Engineering, Artificial Organs, Medical Devices & Point of Care Diagnostics Novel Electrophysiological Methods for the evaluation and monitoring of spinal cord injury Studies on locomotor rehabilitation Brain Computer Interfaces for neuroprosthetics Assessing Wheelchair Accessibility via haptics & virtual reality Motor Control & Neurophysiology Orthopaedic Biomechanics Health. QWest (Function for Living) Prosthetics & Orthotics Biomechanical Modelling 34

The Glasgow Research Partnership in Engineering Enhancing the Competitiveness of Engineering Research & confirming the West of Scotland as a World Leading Centre for Engineering Research 35