The Future of Library Collections: Access and Stewardship in a Networked World Lizanne Payne Executive Director Washington Research Library Consortium payne@wrlc. org Lizanne Payne VALA - CAVAL 30 th Anniversary Series November 2008
Libraries were local centers of learning Lizanne Payne VALA - CAVAL 30 th Anniversary Series November 2008
Libraries and Library Catalogs 1960 s Lizanne Payne 1980 s VALA - CAVAL 30 th Anniversary Series November 2008
Libraries are going global Libraries could provide lasting benefits to scholarship and economies to their institutions by proactively developing a distributed print repository network on a regional, national or even a global scale. Lizanne Payne VALA - CAVAL 30 th Anniversary Series November 2008
Trend: Libraries are for people n Library as place n New spaces for students, not books Lizanne Payne VALA - CAVAL 30 th Anniversary Series November 2008
Trend: Electronic journals and books are viable alternatives 2008 study by the Association of Learned and Professional Society Publishers Lizanne Payne VALA - CAVAL 30 th Anniversary Series November 2008
Trend: Campus attitudes toward libraries are changing Lizanne Payne VALA - CAVAL 30 th Anniversary Series November 2008
Over 1. 2 BILLION Volumes in Academic Libraries in the English-speaking World Lizanne Payne VALA - CAVAL 30 th Anniversary Series November 2008
A Growing Trend Around the World Library storage facility: a separate building purpose -built for long-term storage of very large quantities of library materials 80+ library storage facilities, most built in the last 15 years Lizanne Payne VALA - CAVAL 30 th Anniversary Series November 2008
Harvard Model Storage Facility Volumes stored by SIZE for maximum density Can hold 1 to 2 million volumes per 4, 000 sm Order picker for retrieval Usually built offcampus Scheduled delivery Construction cost per volume approx USD $3 Lizanne Payne VALA - CAVAL 30 th Anniversary Series November 2008
Automated Storage and Retrieval System (ASRS) Volumes stored in metal bins, retrieved by robotic mechanism Can hold over 1 million volumes per building module o Built on campus Delivery in minutes Photo courtesy “librarymaven” on flickr. com Lizanne Payne Construction cost per volume approx USD $10 VALA - CAVAL 30 th Anniversary Series November 2008
Shared Storage Models Shared Secondary Storage Re. Cap (Columbia, Princeton, NYPL) Southwest Ohio Regional Depository University of Missouri system Washington Research Library Consortium (but changing) Many others… Lizanne Payne Shared or Last Copy Storage CARM Centre Five Colleges, Inc (MA) Five Colleges (OH) PASCAL (Colorado) Tri-Universities Group NE Ohio Repository VALA - CAVAL 30 th Anniversary Series November 2008
Print Journal Archiving Prospective Archiving Digitizer dark archives Print edition available for rescanning Print edition direct to storage U of California system CIC libraries Lizanne Payne U of California system Harvard University VALA - CAVAL 30 th Anniversary Series November 2008
Shared Print Initiatives Retention agreement among multiple libraries to preserve and provide access to print volumes Lizanne Payne VALA - CAVAL 30 th Anniversary Series November 2008
Australia: Group of 8 Libraries n “Bright archive” distributed repository based on commitments to retain and provide access to specific titles held in restricted-access facilities n Phase 1: Journals with online equivalent, Phase 2: Other low-use journals, Phase 3: Monographs n Light commitment MOU under discussion (7 of 8 libraries) Lizanne Payne VALA - CAVAL 30 th Anniversary Series November 2008
Cooperative Collection Management Trust (CCMT) Pilot Project 2007 -2008 n OCLC pilot project to to track preserved holdings, compare participants’ holdings, and estimate the potential space savings n 19 libraries including Ohio State University, University of Virginia, Brown University, members of ASERL and WRLC consortia Lizanne Payne VALA - CAVAL 30 th Anniversary Series November 2008
CCMT Library Collection Duplication Analysis Out of 27 million monograph volumes Over 18 million were duplicate copies that were owned by at least 3 libraries Of the 19 participating libraries Lizanne Payne VALA - CAVAL 30 th Anniversary Series November 2008
UK: The UK Research Reserve n “Safeguard the long term future of printed research journals” n Access copy stored at British Library, 2 reserve copies at participating libraries University of St Andrews University of Liverpool The British Library (Boston Spa) University of Birmingham Imperial College London Cardiff University Lizanne Payne University of Southampton VALA - CAVAL 30 th Anniversary Series November 2008
UK: The UK Research Reserve n Phase 1 funding > $1. 5 million AUD for deduplication n Phase 2 funding $25 million AUD continues support for deduplication and developing systems Project goal = 100 km free shelf space = Capital value $77 million AUD Lizanne Payne VALA - CAVAL 30 th Anniversary Series November 2008
Mass Digitization n Mass scanning from major libraries without selection n In-copyright works shown as “snippet”, full image for out-ofcopyright n NEW: Library subscriptions to full text n MARC records going into OCLC, API for one-off search n Millions of books scanned, number not publicized n Emphasis on economy of scale, ubiquitous search Lizanne Payne VALA - CAVAL 30 th Anniversary Series November 2008
Mass Digitization n Low-cost, high-throughput scanning at local participating libraries n Public domain works chosen by libraries n Download and print through the Internet Archive’s Open Library n Several hundred thousand titles available as of October 2008 n Emphasis on open access and free availability Lizanne Payne VALA - CAVAL 30 th Anniversary Series November 2008
Mass Digitization n A shared digital repository of the libraries of the CIC, University of California System, University of Virginia, others may join Hathi Trust n Copies of their Google Books materials, and more “memory, wisdom, and strength” n About 2 million volumes in October 2008 n Emphasis on long-term curation Lizanne Payne VALA - CAVAL 30 th Anniversary Series November 2008
Local scan to build e-book collections Emory University Print on Demand Lizanne Payne VALA - CAVAL 30 th Anniversary Series November 2008
Local scan and print on demand for ILL Caval Carm Centre Print on Demand Lizanne Payne VALA - CAVAL 30 th Anniversary Series November 2008
Networked Print On Demand from E-Books Espresso print-on-demand machine at University of Michigan § Prints from Google Books, Open Content Alliance, or other digital books §Local POD delivery anywhere in the world § Perfect-bound volume § Less than 10 minutes § Less than $10 Lizanne Payne VALA - CAVAL 30 th Anniversary Series November 2008
“In an environment of large-scale digitization, the cost to hold print versions locally may become greater than the benefit for many libraries. ” Roger Schonfeld, 2007. “Getting from Here to There, Safely: Library Strategic Planning for the Transition Away from Print Journals” Serials Librarian, 52. 1/2. Lizanne Payne VALA - CAVAL 30 th Anniversary Series November 2008
Evolving Library Ecosystem Online books Print Repository Network Online books Lizanne Payne VALA - CAVAL 30 th Anniversary Series November 2008
Print Repository Network Print repository network Noncurrent monographs Unique or uncommon monographs Bound journals Online books Google Books Open Content Alliance Hathi Trust 10 s of millions of fulltext volumes Local library Volumes for current programs Online delivery Print on demand delivery Walk-in access Lizanne Payne Physical delivery VALA - CAVAL 30 th Anniversary Series November 2008
Key Features of a Print Repository Network Storage Repositories To storage Committed Participants Lizanne Payne Committed Holdings Registry VALA - CAVAL 30 th Anniversary Series November 2008
Collection Analysis: Comparison of Holdings Library Print Collection Store or Discard Preserved Books Online Books VALA - CAVAL 30 th Anniversary Series November 2008
Key Features of a Print Repository Network Borrowing System Priority access ILL Storage Repositories To storage Committed Participants Withdrawals (virtual storage) Lizanne Payne Formal Agreements Committed Holdings Collection analysis reports Directory Holdings Registry VALA - CAVAL 30 th Anniversary Series Ad Hoc Participants Withdrawals (virtual storage) November 2008
“No single library can or should acquire and retain everything. To do so would be to disregard our home institution’s mission and to squander its resources. However, collectively we should be concerned with the survival of the print record broadly conceived. ” Stephen Enniss, “Collaborative values and survival of the print record”, College and Research Libraries News, June 1999. VALA - CAVAL 30 th Anniversary Series November 2008
Accidental Redundancy Model (Lots of Copies Keeps Stuff Safe) The Abbey Library of St Gallen has been in continuous existence for over 1, 200 years. It is the only major medieval monastery library still standing at its original location. VALA - CAVAL 30 th Anniversary Series November 2008
Planned Redundancy Model Yano study: the magic number is 13 Lizanne Payne VALA - CAVAL 30 th Anniversary Series November 2008
Access and Stewardship Model for the Future Just in Time Just in Case Lizanne Payne VALA - CAVAL 30 th Anniversary Series November 2008
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