The fundamentals of English grammar The Present Perfect

The fundamentals of English grammar The Present Perfect Tense

Present Perfect is used to express an action that happened in the past and just recently or over, and the result is important in the present action. For example: I just bought a new laptop. Masha has already written essay. You've translated the article? Forms of the verb I You We They + have + V 3 He She It + has + V 3 I have just bought a new notebook. Mary has already written her composition. The students have left the room. We have bought a new TV set. Студенты ушли из комнаты (студентов сейчас в комнате нет). Мы купили новый телевизор (у нас есть новый телевизор).

Questions Have + I you we they + V 3 ? Have you already seen this film? Yes, I have. I You We They No, I haven’t. Has haven’t Sorry, I haven’t written the story yet. + V 3 ? Has Mary cleaned her room yet? Yes, she has. Negations + have not + V 3 + he she it He She It No, she hasn’t. + has not + V 3 hasn’t Tom hasn’t finished his test.

Слова – помощники (наречия - adverbs) already – уже just – только что recently, lately (недавно, в последнее время) yet – ещё never – никогда ever – когда-либо I’ve already mailed the letter. I have just seen him. I haven’t received any letters from him lately. used in the "-" and "? " offerings and is always standing in the end of the sentence He hasn’t finished his work yet. Patricia: Have you ever played tennis? Linda: No, I’ve never played before, but I would like to learn!

Present Perfect can be used with phrases denoting not yet elapsed time (ie the time periods that are not finished at the moment of speech) today - сегодня this week - на этой неделе this month - в этом месяце this year - в этом году this morning - этим утром this evening - этим вечером v I have not even had coffee this morning. (Утро ещё продолжается. ) v This year we have taken only one assistant. (Год еще не закончился, и возможно, мы возьмем еще помощников. ) v I have had only one new dress this summer. (Лето еще не закончилось. )

Present Perfect is used with prepositions at some point in the past to the present v I haven’t heard from him since June. Я не получал от него известий с июня. since v I haven’t heard from him since he left Moscow. Я не получал от него известий с тех пор, как он уехал из Москвы. for a period of time (during this time) v I haven’t seen him for two days. Я не видел его в течение двух дней. v Mary has written a composition for an hour. Мэри написала сочинение за час.

Compare: Compare the meaning of these two sentences: 1. Sara lived in Boston for 5 years. Past Simple We mean that Sara started living in Boston 5 years ago. . . and then she moved! Now she lives in a different city, like Paris. 2. Sara has lived in Boston for 5 years. Present Perfect We mean that Sara began living in Boston 5 years ago. . . and she still lives there.

! Present Perfect is never used in questions, beginning with When! When did you start your job? Когда Вы начали свою работу? You have bought a new bag! It’ really cool! When did you buy it? Ты купила новую сумочку! Она действительно хороша! Когда ты её купила?