The French Solar Energy Institute : Objectives & perspectives Philippe Malbranche February 2007 18/03/2018 1
INES Foundation act: 3 rd of July 2006 Signature of the partnership agreement with Mr Goulard Minister of Research An institute based on a collaborative scheme : - the alliance of CEA, CNRS and CSTB - partnerships with manufacturers A very young structure, around one year old 18/03/2018 2
Why INES ? Lens FEE • The main French solar manufacturers are in the Rhône. Alpes region – Manufacturers involved in both solar thermal and PV – More than 2/3 of the French turnover Limoges EMIX • The wish of the Savoie department and of the Rhône. Alpes region, to support economic development Toulouse Tenesol • The strategic alliance of CEA, CNRS and CSTB on this topic 18/03/2018 CIAT Somfy Aix Clipsol Lyon Tenesol Bourgoin CHAMBERY Photowatt Grenoble Schneider Montpellier APEX BP Perpignan Tecsol Pechiney Aubagne Giordano 3
Three types of activities R&D « Ines Education » Training Demonstration RDI 100 people 18/03/2018 4
Which thematics are addressed ? The ambition is to address the whole chain, from materials to the applications Towards Zero Energy buildings 100 k. Wh/m 2/y + X (Positive energy houses) Our mission : to develop components, processes and systems to make solar Solar energy an efficient and affordable solution Systems (electric, thermal) Electric: 6 €/Wp 2 €/Wc Thermal: 1 €/Wp 0, 4 €/W Solar devices (PV, active or passive solar ) Material Silicon 100€/kg 15 €/kg 18/03/2018 5
1. Solar cells and modules 4. Solar thermal systems 3. Storage 18/03/2018 systems 5. Solar building design 2. Electrical systems 6
The R&D facilities « Photosil » Silicon Material Platform Existing Future « RESTAURE » National Silicon Cell technology platform 2008 Solar Thermal Platform 15 M€ buildings 15 M€ Equipment Solar electricity platform Nanocomposite Solar cell platform Experimental Houses From 2007 INES Campus INES main Building « headquarter » 2009 N 18/03/2018 7
Photosil, the silicon material platform Plasma purification & Crystalisation SEGREGATION Pilot facilities in the commissioning phase Very promising results with 14% efficiency already obtained 18/03/2018 8
Towards a new source of silicon supply APOLLON SOLAR Si-MG Transfert Fusion 2 and plasma treatment Fusion 1 Broken pieces Directional Crystallisation Segregation 18/03/2018 Unmolding Si-PV Quick crystallisation Si-So. G 9
The Si Cell RESTAURE Research platform Ø Platform dedicated to Silicon Cells Technology ü Pilot line for silicon solar cells processing since February 2004 • Clean Room: 10000 class, 240 m 2, will be extended to 1000 in 2008 in Chambéry ü Industrial tools (b) • Up to 200 x 200 mm 2 wafer size : H Si. Nx n+ p p+ Al POCl 3 diffusion Tools, Process Steps, Pilot Line, Integration, Cells Testing PECVD chamber Screen printer IR Furnace 16, 7 % multi-C 150 x 150 mm 2 with std process Ø ADVANCED R&D PLATFORM FOR INDUSTRIAL INVESTIGATION • Innovative developments, Process Stabilization, Opened to Partnerships and knowledge-transfer services 18/03/2018 10
The nanocomposite solar cell lab : processing and characterisation equipment November 06 Efficiency = 4, 2 % on 28 mm², main activities on stability 18/03/2018 11
The PV systems lab • Characterization, power system monitoring and analysis • Design of innovative solutions for grid-connected and stand-alone applications 18/03/2018 • Demonstration services 12
PV systems lab : outline of the microgrid system Champ PV x k. W Lynx 2 DC Transformateur x MVA Com Local technique démonstrateurs AC Champ PV 10 k. W Champ PV : 100 k. W G Cogénération Lynx 1 Démonstrateurs (projet INCAS) Puma 2 et 3 18/03/2018 13
Storage system test and R&D facilities A world-class « storage system test facility » 50 test benches for the evaluation of several storage technologies (-30°C à +60°C) 2 characterisation laboratories Development of lowcost reference electrodes terminal métallique Électrolyte immobilisé bouchon permettant la compression/stabilisation mécanique joint torique bouchon/membrane de graphite 18/03/2018 14
Storage additional cost Storage systems : a coherence between building and transportation applications Solar and building applications 0, 50€/k. Wh Safety Transport applications Standalone systems EV and HV Gradual evolution Energy 0, 10€/k. Wh management Distributed generation C 100 18/03/2018 C 10 C 1 10 C Current, power 15
Solar thermal systems lab : Design and characterisation of solar thermal systems (heating and cooling) : - Domestic hot water systems, - Kombi-systems, - Cooling systems (dessicant cooling, absorption) Test facility for kombisystems : First test on a CLIPSOL heating system 18/03/2018 16
The Incas platform : a research tool for the design and LYNX II NX the performance validation of 0 -energy buildings LY Zone d’exclusion aéroport 75 m Technical Building Control of monitoring activities Demonstration of : • Solar cooling systems • Electrical storage systems Building components test facility 138 m • Passys cells • Structures for roofing and façade components Zone plateforme INCAS 18/03/2018 Two 0 -energy houses Objective : design passive houses with a special focus on summer comfort, and solar energy integration 17
LYNX II Zone d’exclusion aéroport Later on : Building of many more « concept homes » , through a request for proposals opened to consortia of architects, manufacturers, and builders Objectives • Innovations • Energy consumption and comfort • Cost-effectiveness Results : • Development of models and software, dedicated to the design of energy-efficient buildings • Innovative constructive solutions • Building performance characterisation • Performance improvement services 18/03/2018 18
The INES headquarters : an energy-efficient building PHASE 3 Commissioning in 2009 Michel Remon (français) Behnisch (Allemand) Mario Cucinella (Italien) Mario Cucinella Retour : 2 mars 2007 Jury du concours : 17 avril 2007 Behnisch 18/03/2018 19
Conclusions • State-of-the art research & demonstration facilities, opened to : – Researchers – Industrial partnerships, start-ups • A training platform through INES Education, offering knowledge transfer services • A large dynamic due to : – The coherence of the strategy – The complementarity of the partners – The investments of local and regional collectivities • A strong interest in : – PV : mainly 2. 1. 5 to 2. 1. 11 – CSP : 2. 5. 1 – Renewables for heating and cooling : 4. 1. 1 to 4. 1. 3 – Smartgrids : 7. 1, and 7. 3. 2 on value of storage 18/03/2018 20
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