The first steam locomotives Cherepanovs’ The engine

The first steam locomotives Cherepanovs'

The engine - offline locomotive with steam power installation, that is, using as the engine of a steam machine. Steam locomotives were the first to move on rails traction vehicles. . .

The first locomotives were built by British engineer George (George) Stephenson during 1814 -1828 age

In Russia the invention of the word "locomotive" is attributed to N. And. The buckwheat To this locomotive was named differently: "steam powered wheelchairs and scooters machine", "steam wagon", "prohodka", "the steam coach" and even "the steamer".

The first steam locomotive Cherepanovs ' was built in 1834 It was the first steam locomotive in the history of Russian equipment. Today the model of the first Russian steam locomotive type 1 -1 -0, built Czerepanovii, is stored in the Central Museum of railway transport in St. Petersburg.

• It was built in 1834, on Lyskom plant, which was part of the Nizhny Tagil plants Demidov. • Father and son Cherepanova it was built entirely of local materials. • In everyday life was still there this word, and the locomotive was called "land ship".

Here is an eyewitness account of the first flight of the engine Cherepanovs': "In that day upon Vyshe field people went and stood along the lines of iron kolesarova. Heavy factory gates opened and soon there were land steamer machine unseen, like nothing on earth, with high Smoking chimney, shiny polished bronze parts. On the ground at arms stood Miron Cherepanov. Puffing steam, flashing spokes of the wheel, the ship drove past the silent crowd. Then Myron turned some grip, the club, the pair flew out of the pipe, and the car accelerated. The driver brought the locomotive to the impasse and put the car in reverse. Back the car was going very fast. The next flight steamer did with the trailer cart 200 pounds of cargo. And later in the cart climbed a dozen two or three people who wanted to be the first passengers.

The founders of the first Russian steam locomotive Ural masters Efim A. Cherepanov the son of Myron E. Cherepanov For the construction of the locomotive, Miron Cherepanov was awarded freestyle diploma (his father, Efim Cherepanov, was emancipated before, for the construction of steam engines)

• They were the inventors of the self-taught fortress Efim A. Cherepanov and his son Myron came from a bonded peasants Vysokogo plant. Efim Alekseevich, being a master carpenter, in 1820, his "art and diligence" built the first steam engine, which resulted in movement lathe and replaced the work of two people. Among the nearly 25 devices constructed later Ural craftsmen with the help of the son, were rukopozhatiye, dewatering, cutting, planing and zolotopromyshlennoye machines with capacity from 5 to 60 HP According to the Cherepanovs', they have tried all my life "continued to have a machine to use plants and relief forces working". Father and son were familiar with the various technical innovations implemented at that time at the large enterprises of Russia, England Sweden.

• • Meanwhile, the authorities of Nizhny Tagil plant, and the breeder N. Demidov was skeptical of the construction of the locomotive. They were more worried about why abroad began to fall, the demand for Urals iron. But none of them wanted to admit that all the matter in the technical backwardness of domestic plants that are unable to achieve high quality metal. In order to establish the truth, Demidov sent senior Cherepanova in England, because he believed his knowledgeable and technically competent expert. The British are not very cordially greeted the Russian mechanics, because they were not interested in the transfer of the competitors on their experience and secrets of metal. Moreover, in England the guest recognized the spy and stopped to let to many plants. Judging by the extant letters, Yefim only managed externally to observe the wonders of overseas technology, so as to drawings and documents not admitted. However, its main task he coped. Cherepanov once again proved that to improve quality in the Urals metal it is necessary to mechanize the workers. And most importantly - in England, he first saw in action rail road steam traction connecting the coal mines of Middleton to Leeds.

Technical problems faced by the wizard • First, their steam boiler did not give a sufficient amount of steam. To solve this problem, they increased the number of tubes in the boiler up to 80. Another problem was the solution to the rear of the engine. For this Cherepanova employ the mechanism consisting of the eccentric wheel, allows you to apply the steam cylinder so that the wheels of the locomotive started to rotate in the opposite direction.

• The weight of the locomotive Cherepanovs ' was 2. 4 tons. • With load of 3. 5 tons, the locomotive reached a speed of 15 km/H. • For transportation of coal and water, was applied special trolley - tender. The locomotive had two pairs of wheels of the same size. • Leading was only one pair.

For the first steam locomotive Cherepanovs', a road was constructed with cast-iron rails The length of the road was 835 meters (from factory to copper mine)

The second locomotive Cherepanovs' • In March 1835, Cherepanova build a second engine. Unlike the first steam locomotive, the second locomotive Cherepanovs ' were large and the number of design changes. The pan grinder wheel pairs, which was driven by a steam engine, reduced in size. • To carry the locomotive could have 16 tons, with a speed of 15 km/h. Чертеж второго паровоза Черепановых

Despite quite good design, locomotives Cherepanovs ' not received distribution Reasons: • counter locomotives, contractors, horse-drawn cabs, not wanting to lose their income. • As fuel in locomotives Cherepanov was used firewood. The engine was consuming so many of them that soon became a problem with transporting them. • The entire forest in the vicinity of the railway was cut down and the wood had to be brought from far away. To use steam locomotives Cherepanov would require an entire structure of their fuel supply, which was completely absent at the time. • For example, the first locomotives of Stephenson, and worked in the transportation of coal from coal mines, and used as fuel

The difficult fate of inventors • • • For the design and construction of various machines Efim Cherepanov in 1833 was awarded a silver medal at Ann's tape. He and his wife received his freedom. His son Myron had become free after three years. The rest of the family remained serfs. Seriously took Cherepanova the news of the construction in 1837, near St. Petersburg, the country's first railroad to Pavlovsk (27. 5 km) foreign specialists and procurement of locomotives in England Belgium. Nizhny Tagil iron road then worked already for two years. In 1837 Cherepanova build a model steam engine for industrial exhibition in St. Petersburg. However, they created "prohodka" nobody was interested. Efim Alekseevich died in 1842 After the death of his father, Myron E. continued to work in the factories, but in 1849, his life suddenly ended.