The First Lesson Welcome to our school I m

The First Lesson Welcome to our school I’m happy, lucky to help you learn the most interesting subject ----- English

To learn English well, you must learn 1. International phonetic symbols(音标 ) 2. Words and expressions 3. Sentence patterns 4. Grammar rules

What am I going to do for you? To give you some directions, help you learn, check your schoolwork. What are you going to do in and after class? To be active (in class activities). To be brave (to speak, ask and answer). To be careful (with your work).

Shall we have some class rules in our English lessons? 1. Don’t be late for school or class. 2. No eating or drinking in class. 3. No sleeping in class. 4. No talking when someone is speaking. 5. No laughing when someone makes a mistake. 6. No fighting in class. 7. Hand in your homework on time……

* Be on time. Be quiet when the teacher comes. * Take your textbook, a notebook, (a writing pad) a black pen and a red pen. * Listen carefully in class. * Always put up your hand before you want to say something.

The Alphabet

英语语音专题

International Phonetic symbols（国际音标）

What are phonetic symbols? • the system or pattern of speech sounds used in a particular language 语音最小单位是音素。语言的语音 都是由四十八个不同的音素相互组 合而成的。

48 phonetic symbols Consonants Vowel sounds 元音 浊辅音. 清辅音. 双元音 How many phonetic symbols are there? [i: ] [e] [ə: ] [۸] [ɔ: ] [u: ] [i] [æ] [ə] [α: ] [ɔ] [u] [p] [t] [ei] [ai] [ɔi] [ɛə] [əu] [au] [iə] [uə] [k] [f] [s] [Ѳ] [ʃ] [ʧ] [tr] [ʦ] [h] [b] [g] [z] [ӡ] [dr] [m] [ [w]

• 短元音 • [ i ] – i, e, y, ey…is, English, busy, money • His little sister is sitting in the middle. • [ – ]כ o, a • he little pot is so hot. • [u] – oo • shop, sorry, watch, what football, wood, classroom, book Look at the cookbook. It’s really good. • [ə] – er, a, e clever, ruler, panda, open • The farmer’s sister is a doctor.

• • 短元音 [Λ] – o, u love, colour, us, duck Come to the front on the double. [ e ] – e, ea, ai … red, then, head, again Good, better, best. Never let it rest. Till good is better. And better best. [ æ ] – a hat, bag, can, apple Cat, cat! Catch that black rat!

双元音 game, rain, play, great [ ei ] – a, ai, ay, ea, ei Rain, rain go away. Little Johnny wants to play. [ ai] – i, y five, idea, try, goodbye Out of sight, out of mind. [ כ i ]—oy, oi boy, toy, point, oil Soybean oil is my choice. old, hello, coat, show [əu] – o, oa, ow, Go and open the window, Joe, and show me the photo. [au] – ou, ow about, round, down, town I found a mouse in the house.

[iə] – ear, eer, ea hear, year, deer, really We are near the end of the year. [ɛə] – ere, air, are, eir there, chair, careful, their Where there is a will, there is a way. sure, tour, poor, February [uə] – ure, our It’s sure to be good for the tourists. Poor tour!

元音 vowels (20个) 1. 前元音 [ i: ] – e, ea, ie, ei, eo… he see, read, piece, ceiling, people A: Tea or coffee? B: Tea for Lee and coffee for me, please. is, English, busy, money [ i ] – i, e, y, ey… His little sister is sitting in the middle. [ e ] – e, ea, ai … red, then, head, again Good, better, best. Never let it rest. Till good is better. And better best. [æ]–a hat, bag, can, apple Cat, cat! Catch that black rat!

Compare 1. it--eat 2. 3. fill—feel 3. 5. tree—trip 7. sheep—ship 9. live—leave 11. pea—pit 13. street—strict 2. live—leave 4. seat—sit 6. bit—bee 8. deed—did 10. feed—fit 12. rid—read 14. sleep—slip

. bet--bat Compare 2. pat—pet 2. 3. bag—beg 4. sat—set 3. 5. neck--lack 6. sad—said 7. bad—bed 9. lad—led 8. dad—dead 10. fad—fed

中元音 • [ ə ] – er, a, e clever, ruler, panda, open • The farmer’s sister is a doctor. • [ ə: ] – ir, ur or girl, shirt, purple, work • The early bird catches the worm first. love, colour, us, duck • [Λ] – o, u • Come to the front on the double.

Read the words earth learn nurse her ear(不单独出现时) ur ir er or skirt word [ : ]

Phrases [ə: ] A dirty skirt hurt a bird Learn to work worse and worse

Read the words ago again address hundred parent license water August banana today colour policeman a e er o our 在非重读音节中 [ə]

Phrases [ ] Sooner or later Autumn and August Worker and farmer about the picture of the teacher

后元音 half, class, park, hard [a: ] – ar, a… It’s far to the farm from the park. shop, sorry, watch, what • [ – ] כ o, a The little pot is so hot. [ —] : כ or, a, au, ar morning, call, autumn, warm My daughter who’s forty-four is a lawyer. football, wood, classroom, book [u] – oo Look at the cookbook. It’s really good. [u: ] – oo, u, oe… soon, ruler, soup, shoe How do you do? You look really cool.

Compare [Λ] [a: ] 1. cut--cart 2. luck—lark 2. 3. duck—dark 4. tough—task 3. 5. mud—mark 6. bus—bath 7. far—fun 8. shut—shark

[a: ] [Λ] ['fa: ] ['sΛp ] ['ka: pit] ['sΛndi] ['pa: ti] [bΛs] [fa: m] [sΛn] ['ba: skit] [ Λt]

Compare [ ] 1. pot--port [ ] 2. lot—lord 2. 3. not—north 4. fox—forks 3. 5. shot—short 6. wok—walk 7. spot—sport 8. cock—caught

Compare[ ] • • • [ə ] walk — work short—shirt warm—word door---dirt sore--- sir cause---curd

________________________________________ ________________________________________ ________________________________________ ________________________________________ ____________________ [ i: ] [ i ] [ e ] [æ] [Λ ] [ə: ] [ə ] [a: ] [ɔ] [u: ] [u] 单元音 vowels (12个 )

双元音

game, rain, play, great [ ei ] – a, ai, ay, ea, ei Rain, rain go away. Little Johnny wants to play. [ ai] – i, y five, idea, try, goodbye Out of sight, out of mind. [ כ i ]—oy, oi boy, toy, point, oil Soybean oil is my choice. old, hello, coat, show [əu] – o, oa, ow, Go and open the window, Joe, and show me the photo. [au] – ou, ow about, round, down, town I found a mouse in the house.

Read the words face same game play waste hate late hay complain famous I life quiet mind price night die shy white lie high

Phrases [ei] hate to be late save her face never waste met the first lady

Phrases the blue sky [ai] in the countryside the biting wind Out of sight , out of mind

[ai] 写法 ______________________________ 1 2 3 _______________ [→ [ ai → [ai ]

Read the words road coat goat boat load cold smoke go home hope how about shout cow loud mouse ground hour crown mouth

Phrases [əu] Gold Coast make a toast be all bones the local language

Phrases [au] go for an outing between ourselves read aloud out of date

[au] 写法 ______________________________ 1 2 3 _______________ [→ [au]

Learn the phrases • toil and moil • a spoiled boy • Annoying noise • live for enjoyment

Read the words Boys and girls, please pay attention to “ oy ”! boy toy joy soy annoying employ

Read the words Now please pay attention to “ oi ”! oil soil boil coin point noise

[iə] – ear, eer, ea hear, year, deer, really We are near the end of the year. [Èə] – ere, air, are, eir there, chair, careful, their Where there is a will, there is a way. sure, tour, poor, February [uə] – ure, our It’s sure to be good for the tourists. Poor tour!

ɛə ] 写法 [ ______________________________ 1 2 3 _______________ ] [→ [ɛə

Read the words ear dear hear tear fear clear here beer sneer peer [ iə ] • [Èə] pear wear • dare care share • hair flair fair • where bare rare stair repair

Read the phrases [iə] • • • come here drink the beer very clear fear nothing here and there Cheering with tears

Learn the phrases • • • share your banana with monkey eat a lot of pears a rare metal run barefoot at the trade fair

Read the words [uə] [u sure unsure poor moor tour brochure

Tongue Twister • Sure sure, Poor poor, I’m sure you know I’m poor, So I can’t go to make a tour.

________________________________________ ________________________________________ ________________________________________ ____________________ 元音 vowels ____________________ (20个) ____________________ [i: ] [i] [e] [æ] [a: ] [Λ ] [ə: ] [ə] [ɔ: ] [ɔ] [u: ] [u] [ei ] [ai] [əu] [au] [ɔi] [iə] [ɛə] [uə]

辅音 28个

• 辅音 Consonants (28个) 1. 爆破音 • [p] Practice makes perfect. • [b] Barry found a big bug on her bed. • [t] This is a hat, that’s a cap. • [d] The doorman told David to go down. • [k] Don’t kit the kitten. • [g] A good beginning makes a good ending.

[p] [b] pay --- bay cap --- cab pear – bear lap --- lab pen --- Ben tap --- tab pig --- big rope --- robe

[t] [d] town – down bent – bend tie – die right – ride tear – dear lent – lend touch – Dutch bet – bed

两清辅音一起时，后一个清辅音变 成浊辅音，或叫浊化[sp] →[sb] [st] →[sd] [ sk] →[sg] • speak spit spy • study start • sky school screen

[k] [g] Kate – gate pick – pig card – guard flak – flag could – good back – bag coat – goat Lock – log

• 2. 鼻音 [ m ] May I have some milk, mum? [ n ] Nora knows the new comer. [ ŋ ] Lingling is listening to the song. Compare n [ n ] in—ink ng /nk [ ŋ] sin-sing than—thank thin---thing son---song

3. 摩擦音 [f] If you buy fish, make sure it’s fresh. [v] Victor is very clever. [ ] Thank you for your table cloth. [ ð] Those are far and these are near. [ s ] Sandy has a new swimming suit. [ z ] What size of shoes does Daisy wear?

• [ ] sure, she, social, nation • Wash the fish, please. • [ ʒ ] pleasure, television • George measured the garage with pleasure. • [ h ] have hot, whole hate house • Helen holds her hands. • [ r ] read, write, wrong • Are you ready to read?

4. 破擦音 [ t ] He teaches children how to play chess. [dʒ ] John likes to tell jokes. [ tr ] There’re lots of trucks in the street. [ dr ] He likes strong drinks. [ ts ] The students are wearing white shirts. [dz] Take away your dirty hands.

• 5) 舌边音: • [l] land, world 如果在后面 读[ ł ] little, middle, castle，puzzle • What a beautiful bicycle! • 6) 半元音: • [ w ] wall, what, answer • The homework every week is very hard. • [ j ] yes yellow year • Yes, your yellow skirt is wet.

compare: light night right lock knock rock lot not rot lead need read lice nice rice

Tongue twisters 1. Red lorry, yellow lorry, red lorry, yellow lorry. 2. Let’s look for leaves in the large lake with a long ladder.

成音节[m]，[n]，[l] • 英语辅音字母中有 3 个辅音[m]，[n]，[l]是 响音，它们和辅音音素结合，也可构成音节， 也叫成音节。它们构成的音节往往出现在词尾， 一般是非重读音节。如： • • apple [`æpl] ， table [`teibl]， middle [`midl], little [`litl]， garden [`ga: dn]，lesson [`lesn], physical [`fisikl] ， realism [`ri: lizm] 等等。

________________________________________ ________________________________________ ________________________________________ ____________________ [ p] [ b ] [ t ] [d ] [ k ] [ g ] [ f ] [v] [s][z] [ ʒ ] [t ] [dʒ ] [ ð ] [m] [n] [ŋ] [ l ] [ r ] θ [ h] [w] [ j ][ tr ][dr] [ts][dz]

Parts of speech 词类 / 词性 名词 noun (n. ) ～人和事物的名称 代词 pronoun (pron. ) ～代替名词的词 形容词adjective (adj. ) ～修饰名词的词 数词numeral (num. ) ～表示多少和第几的词 动词 verb (v. ) ～表示动作和状态 副词 adverb [adv. ] 冠词article (art. ) ～修饰动词 , 形容词和副词的词 ～说明名词所指的人或物 介词 preposition（prep. ）～表示名词与其它词的关系 连词conjunction (conj. ) ～连接词、短语和句子的词 感叹词interjection (inter. ) ～表示感情的词

Sentence patterns Simple sentence 简单句 I like apples. Jane and I often swim in summer. He comes and says hello to me every day. Compound sentence 并列句 We help them and they help us. Complex sentence 复合句 He said that he would visit you.

Types 1. Declarative sentence 陈述句 My bag is pink. 2. Interrogative sentence 疑问句 What colour is your bag? 3. Imperative sentence 祈使句 Let’s begin. 4. Exclamatory sentence 感叹句 What a fine day it is today!

常用句型 1. There be (is / are) + 名词 [+介词短语] There is a tree in front of the house. There are some flowers in the vase. 2. 1) 主语(n. & pron. )＋谓语(vi. ) + 状语(adv. /prep. 短语) This machine works well. 2) 主语＋连系动词(link v. )＋表语(a. /ad. / prep. 短语) My bag is pink. You are a doctor. 3) 主语＋谓语(vt. ) ＋宾语(n. & pron. ) I have an English book.

否定结构 be + not 助动词 do, does, did, will等＋not+实义动词 一般疑问句把 be, have和助动词 放在主语前 Are you listening to me? Have you any ball-pens? Do you enjoy sports? 特殊疑问句用疑问代词 /疑问副词： who, whose, which, what, where what time/ when, why, how

1. What refers to things. What is your favorite sport? 2. Where refers to places. Where do you live? 3. When refers to times. When do you get up everyday? 4. How old refers to ages. How old are you? 5. How many refers to numbers. How many people are there in your family?

1. Simon lives in Newcastle upon Tyne. Where 2. Edwin works as an architect. What 3. Simon wants to be an engineer. What 4. Simon parents own a Chinese restaurant. What 5. May is 12 years old. How old 6. May has an elder sister and a younger brother. What 7. My favorite hobby is playing the piano. What 8. I want to be a teacher when I grow up. What 9. Simon writes a letter to his pen friend. Who 10. I go to bed at 10: 00 pm. everyday. What time

Homework 1. Learn the sounds by heart. 2. Preview the new lesson.

A Questionnaire 1. What language can you speak? 2. How long have you learnt English? 3. Do you think it easy to learn English? 4. What do you think is the most difficult to learn English well? 5. Do you find it interesting to learn English? 6. Why do you learn English? 7. What kind of English teacher do you want me to be?