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The Fifties – The Four A’s ANXIETY, ANTI-COMMUNISM, AFFLUENCE, ALIENATION The Fifties – The Four A’s ANXIETY, ANTI-COMMUNISM, AFFLUENCE, ALIENATION

ANXIETY ANXIETY

Cold War Cold War

The Russian Bomb, ‘ 49 The Russian Bomb, ‘ 49

Civil Defense Bert the Turtle Says “Duck and Cover” Civil Defense Bert the Turtle Says “Duck and Cover”

Our H-Bomb, ‘ 52 Our H-Bomb, ‘ 52

Their H-bomb, ‘ 53 Their H-bomb, ‘ 53

“New Look”: Mutual Assured Destruction “New Look”: Mutual Assured Destruction

October 4, 1957 October 4, 1957

This is Only A Test… This is Only A Test…

Push Button Age Push Button Age

Fallout Fallout

No Need to Worry No Need to Worry

There Wouldn’t Be Such Anxiety if it wasn’t for those Godless Communists! There Wouldn’t Be Such Anxiety if it wasn’t for those Godless Communists!

ANTI-COMMUNISM ANTI-COMMUNISM

International Communism is a Disease International Communism is a Disease

CONTAINMENT STALEMATE more than VICTORY • • • Truman Doctrine, ’ 47 Marshall Plan, CONTAINMENT STALEMATE more than VICTORY • • • Truman Doctrine, ’ 47 Marshall Plan, ‘ 48 Berlin Blockade/Airlift, ’ 48 -’ 49 NATO, ‘ 49 Korean War, ’ 50 -’ 53

Domestic Anti-Communism • Domestic Anti-Communism •

Fighting Commies at Home J. Edgar Hoover FBI Richard Nixon Sen. Joe Mc. Carthy Fighting Commies at Home J. Edgar Hoover FBI Richard Nixon Sen. Joe Mc. Carthy 205 Names!

Execute A Few P. S. They Were Guilty Execute A Few P. S. They Were Guilty

Put A Few Behind Bars Hollywood Ten Alger Hiss Put A Few Behind Bars Hollywood Ten Alger Hiss

Ruin a Few Careers Dalton Trumbo – Blacklisted 13 years Ruin a Few Careers Dalton Trumbo – Blacklisted 13 years

Who You Can Trust? Loyalty Oaths, 1950 Who You Can Trust? Loyalty Oaths, 1950

They Could Be Hiding Under Your Bed! They Could Be Hiding Under Your Bed!

You Could Bowl with One on Tuesdays You Could Bowl with One on Tuesdays

Conformist Society: Don’t Stand Out in A Crowd Conformist Society: Don’t Stand Out in A Crowd

Whatever Communists Don’t Like, We Like: State vs. Family Whatever Communists Don’t Like, We Like: State vs. Family

Everyone is Getting Married Everyone is Getting Married

Even in the Comics Even in the Comics

Post War Baby Boom Post War Baby Boom

Woman’s Place But, Women work more as decade goes on Woman’s Place But, Women work more as decade goes on

Gender Roles Very Clear Gender Roles Very Clear

Return of the Full Figured Star Return of the Full Figured Star

TV Tells us How to Behave Cult of Domesticity TV Tells us How to Behave Cult of Domesticity

Heroes and Villains Heroes and Villains

Atheism vs. Godliness Stalin Tears Down Moscow’s Cathedral To Build…. Atheism vs. Godliness Stalin Tears Down Moscow’s Cathedral To Build….

We Get More Religious We Get More Religious

“Under God…” “Under God…”

Family, Religion, Gender Roles Separate Us from Communists But, Bottom Line, We’re Also Far Family, Religion, Gender Roles Separate Us from Communists But, Bottom Line, We’re Also Far Wealthier Highest Standard of Living in History

AFFLUENCE AFFLUENCE

U. S. Economic Dominance After World War II – U. S. Produces 45% of U. S. Economic Dominance After World War II – U. S. Produces 45% of World Economy

G. I. Bill G. I. Bill

Marshall Plan, 1947 • $13 Billion in aid to Western Europe • Especially France Marshall Plan, 1947 • $13 Billion in aid to Western Europe • Especially France and Italy – why? • Huge Success Home & Abroad

Consumption is Patriotic! Consumption is Patriotic!

Suburbs $10, 000 homes – FHA and VA Loans Suburbs $10, 000 homes – FHA and VA Loans

Business and Labor Harmony • Big Business Booms • Big Labor Prospers – Good Business and Labor Harmony • Big Business Booms • Big Labor Prospers – Good Pay, 40 hour week – Factory Workers Buy Homes – 60% Americans Are Home Owners

Credit Cards • Diners’ Club, 1950 • Sears cards for the rest of us Credit Cards • Diners’ Club, 1950 • Sears cards for the rest of us

Interstate Highway System Interstate Highway System

Vacation and Leisure Vacation and Leisure

New Industries New Industries

ALIENATION Who are These Malcontents? ALIENATION Who are These Malcontents?

The Warren Court Brown v Board of Education, 1954 The Warren Court Brown v Board of Education, 1954

19 Million Blacks Are A Little Tired of This De Jure or De Facto, 19 Million Blacks Are A Little Tired of This De Jure or De Facto, It Still Spells Segregation

Suburban American Dream? Suburban American Dream?

Public Accomodations • Rosa Parks, 1955 • Martin Luther King – Why Ministers? • Public Accomodations • Rosa Parks, 1955 • Martin Luther King – Why Ministers? • Montgomery Bus Boycott, 1956

School Integration School Integration

Abstract Expressionism Jackson Pollock Abstract Expressionism Jackson Pollock

Extreme Comics Extreme Comics

Be. Bop Charlie Parker Dizzie Gillespie Be. Bop Charlie Parker Dizzie Gillespie

Literature: Chaos, Spontaneity, Alienation The BEATS Burroughs, Ginsburg, Kerouac Literature: Chaos, Spontaneity, Alienation The BEATS Burroughs, Ginsburg, Kerouac

SEX! -- Alfred Kinsey Sexual Behavior ’ 48 Males ’ 53 Females SEX! -- Alfred Kinsey Sexual Behavior ’ 48 Males ’ 53 Females

Sex • Which View Represented the 50’s? Playboy 1953 Sex • Which View Represented the 50’s? Playboy 1953

• • Anti-Materialism, Anti-Conformity Marlon Brando James Dean Youth culture and rebellion • • Anti-Materialism, Anti-Conformity Marlon Brando James Dean Youth culture and rebellion

POPULAR MUSIC • First Teen Market • 45’s and Radio Shows • Elvis Presley POPULAR MUSIC • First Teen Market • 45’s and Radio Shows • Elvis Presley changes everything

The Fifties – The Four A’s ANXIETY, ANTI-COMMUNISM, AFFLUENCE, ALIENATION The Fifties – The Four A’s ANXIETY, ANTI-COMMUNISM, AFFLUENCE, ALIENATION