The Fifth Nuclear Power Plant in Finland from

The Fifth Nuclear Power Plant in Finland from the Radiation Protection Point of View Jukka Sovijärvi, M. Sc. (Nuclear Engineering) Head of Radiation Protection Teollisuuden Voima Oy FIN-27160 Olkiluoto Finland Responsible energy Jukka Sovijärvi 4 th ISOE European Workshop on Occupational Exposure Management at NPPs, Lyon, France 24 -26 March 2004 Teollisuuden Voima Oy 1

Teollisuuden Voima Oy g Teollisuuden Voima Oy – established in 1969 – produces electricity to its shareholders – permanent staff 500 g Olkiluoto 1 and 2 – 2 x 840 MW BWR, ASEA Atom – commercial operation 1979 and 1982 – modernization and 18. 3% power level increase 1994 -98 g Responsible for a new nuclear unit, Olkiluoto 3 – parliamentary approval May 2002 g Subsidiaries – Posiva Oy: final disposal of spent nuclear fuel – TVO Nuclear Services Oy: marketing of special know-how Responsible energy Jukka Sovijärvi 4 th ISOE European Workshop on Occupational Exposure Management at NPPs, Lyon, France 24 -26 March 2004 Teollisuuden Voima Oy 2

Finnish NPPs Olkiluoto Loviisa Owner: Teollisuuden Voima Oy (TVO) Type: BWR Capacity: 2 x 840 MWe Commercial use: 1979 & 1982 Production in 2003: 14. 1 TWh Load factor in 2003: 96. 3 % Responsible energy Jukka Sovijärvi Owner: Fortum Oyj Type: PWR Capacity: 2 x 488 MWe Commercial use: 1977 & 1981 Production in 2003: 7. 7 TWh Load factor in 2003: 90. 2 % 4 th ISOE European Workshop on Occupational Exposure Management at NPPs, Lyon, France 24 -26 March 2004 Teollisuuden Voima Oy 3

Electricity Supply by Energy Sources 2003 (84. 7 TWh, fuels are estimated) Oil 2. 1% Net imports 5. 7% Hydro power 11. 0% Wind power 0. 1% Peat 7. 6% Coal 21. 6% Other renewable 13. 1% Natural gas 13. 0% Nuclear power 25. 8% Responsible energy Jukka Sovijärvi 4 th ISOE European Workshop on Occupational Exposure Management at NPPs, Lyon, France 24 -26 March 2004 Teollisuuden Voima Oy 4

Nuclear power plant licencing procedure Application for decision in principle Environmental Impact Assessment EIA Decision in principle according to the Nuclear Energy Act - Council of State Decision - Parliament approval Construction licence according to the Nuclear Energy Act from the Council of State Construction licence Environmental licence Licences according to water legislation Other licenses Construction of nuclear power plant Operating licence according to the Nuclear Energy Act from the Council of State Commencing power plant operation Supervision and licencing inspections Responsible energy Jukka Sovijärvi 4 th ISOE European Workshop on Occupational Exposure Management at NPPs, Lyon, France 24 -26 March 2004 Teollisuuden Voima Oy 5

OLKILUOTO 3 SCHEDULE 2003 • • 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 Main contract Construction License Site works Civil works Installation Operation License Start-up Commercial operation Responsible energy Jukka Sovijärvi 4 th ISOE European Workshop on Occupational Exposure Management at NPPs, Lyon, France 24 -26 March 2004 Teollisuuden Voima Oy 6

Electricity companies participating in Olkiluoto 3 Rovakaira Oy Tornionlaakson Sähkö Oy Iin Energia Oy Oulun Energia Keskusosuuskunta Oulun Seudun Sähkö Kokkolan kaupunki / Kokkolan Energia Kruunupyyn kunta/energialaitos Pietarsaaren energialaitos Nykarleby Oy Herrfors Ab Graninge Energia Oy Korpelan Voima Jylhän Sähköosuuskunta Savon Voima Oy Hiirikosken Energia Oy Järviseudun Sähkövoiman Kuntayhtymä Vimpelin Voima Oy Pohjois-Karjalan Leppäkosken Ääneseudun Energia Oy. Sähkö Oy Imatran Seudun Sähkö O Kaakon Energia Oy Mäntsälän Sähkö Suur-Savon Sähkö Oy Lahti Energia Oy Oy Kokemäen Etelä-Savon Energia Oy Sähkö Oy KSS Energia Oy Sallila Energia Oy Haminan Energia Oy Köyliön-Säkylän Porvoon Energia Oy Keravan Energia Oy Sähkö Oy Helsingin Energia Vantaan Energia. Kymenlaakson Sähkö Oy Fortum Power and Heat Oy Nurmijärven Sähkö Oy Vaasan Sähkö Oy Laihian Sähkö Oy Seinäjoen Energia Oy Lehtimäen Sähkö Oy Vatajankosken Sähkö Oy Lankosken Sähkö Oy Pori Energia Lammaisten Energia Oy Rauman Energia Oy Responsible energy Jukka Sovijärvi 4 th ISOE European Workshop on Occupational Exposure Management at NPPs, Lyon, France 24 -26 March 2004 Teollisuuden Voima Oy 7

Bid invitations were sent out on 30. 9. 2002 Bid invitation documentation was prepared based on Finnish safety requirements and European standards Contents of the bid invitation IB TC SS PI GR PG NF Responsible energy Jukka Sovijärvi Instructions to bidders Terms and conditions Scope of supply and services Project implementation and time schedule General technical requirements Power generation plant requirements Nuclear fuel 4 th ISOE European Workshop on Occupational Exposure Management at NPPs, Lyon, France 24 -26 March 2004 Teollisuuden Voima Oy 8

Offers were received on 31. 3. 2003 Commercial bids on its way to a safe Responsible energy Jukka Sovijärvi 4 th ISOE European Workshop on Occupational Exposure Management at NPPs, Lyon, France 24 -26 March 2004 Teollisuuden Voima Oy 9

Bid evaluation was a huge task The volume of the offer documents was in total about 10 cubic meters. Each offer comprised of tens of folders, one shown in this picture. Bids were invited based on the decision-in-principle made by the Government • size: 1000 – 1600 MW • reactor type: PWR or BWR • location: Loviisa or Olkiluoto Responsible energy Jukka Sovijärvi 4 th ISOE European Workshop on Occupational Exposure Management at NPPs, Lyon, France 24 -26 March 2004 Teollisuuden Voima Oy 10

Bid evaluation was made in cooperation with experts from several fields • • Evaluation made as a TVO project • supervision committee nominated by TVO’s Board • management group consisting of TVO’s personnel • main responsibility lied on TVO’s experts • construction project personnel participated in the evaluation • consultants from several companies also involved • Jukka Sovijärvi About 100 persons participated; half of them full-time and the rest part-time • Responsible energy Evaluation was made both in Olkiluoto and Helsinki Data security strengthened • evaluation group has own isolated work premises and a separate data network • consultants work in TVO’s offices 4 th ISOE European Workshop on Occupational Exposure Management at NPPs, Lyon, France 24 -26 March 2004 Teollisuuden Voima Oy 11

Bidding phase tasks - Selection of the plant location Evaluation of reactor island turbine island bids Contract negotiations Financing negotiations Planning of the project implementation Construction licence application Planning and licensing of construction site preparatory work Responsible energy Jukka Sovijärvi 4 th ISOE European Workshop on Occupational Exposure Management at NPPs, Lyon, France 24 -26 March 2004 Teollisuuden Voima Oy 12

Evaluation criteria The following was taken into account when defining the evaluation criteria - Responsible energy Jukka Sovijärvi technical characteristics safety and reliability economical aspects plant supplier’s experience 4 th ISOE European Workshop on Occupational Exposure Management at NPPs, Lyon, France 24 -26 March 2004 Teollisuuden Voima Oy 13

Requirement on Radiation Protection The call for bids is based on the EUR-document (European Utility Requirement) and completed with TVO's requirements. STUK’s guidelines, e. g. YVL 1. 0 Safety criteria for design of nuclear power plants YVL 7. 1 Limitation of public exposure in the environment of and limitation of radioactive releases from nuclear power plants YVL 7. 9 Radiation protection of nuclear power plant workers YVL 7. 10 - Monitoring of occupational exposure at nuclear power plants YVL 7. 11 - Radiation monitoring systems and equipment in nuclear power plants YVL 7. 18 - Radiation protection aspects in the design of NPPs Responsible energy Jukka Sovijärvi 4 th ISOE European Workshop on Occupational Exposure Management at NPPs, Lyon, France 24 -26 March 2004 Teollisuuden Voima Oy 14

Targets and Limits of Radiation Exposure Individual doses: BSS 96/29/Euratom, YVL 7. 9, ICRP 60… < 100 m. Sv/5 years < 50 m. Sv/year Target in OL 3: < 5 m. Sv/year Annual collective dose: YVL 7. 9 < 2. 5 man. Sv/GWe, (running two years mean value for units in operation) YVL 7. 18 < 0. 5 man. Sv/GWe, (mean value for new units) Target in OL 3: Responsible energy Jukka Sovijärvi < 0. 5 man. Sv/year (mean value) 4 th ISOE European Workshop on Occupational Exposure Management at NPPs, Lyon, France 24 -26 March 2004 Teollisuuden Voima Oy 15

Targets and Limits of Radiation Exposures. . . Accidents: YVL 7. 9 YVL 7. 4 < 0. 5 Sv < 50 m. Sv (when performing "non life saving" actions) Target in OL 3: < 50 m. Sv Dose for Public (normal operation): YVL 7. 1 < 0. 1 m. Sv/year (site specific value) (2003 releases from OL 1 and OL 2 caused less than 0. 2 m. Sv for a member of the public) Responsible energy Jukka Sovijärvi 4 th ISOE European Workshop on Occupational Exposure Management at NPPs, Lyon, France 24 -26 March 2004 Teollisuuden Voima Oy 16

Some Key Issues. . . Shieldings (reactor, containment, controlled area, etc. ) Layout, RP-facilities Minimization of the source term Minimization of corrosion and radioactive deposits Water chemistry Fuel handling Inservice inspections: number of welds, insulating materials Maintenance interval, maintenance free components Responsible energy Jukka Sovijärvi 4 th ISOE European Workshop on Occupational Exposure Management at NPPs, Lyon, France 24 -26 March 2004 Teollisuuden Voima Oy 17

Result of the bid comparison Most radiation protection aspects were evaluated in the O&Mgroup. This group evaluated also the bids with respect to operation, maintenance, chemistry, outage performance and waste handling. The radiation protection issues were not deciding. All plants bid could be acceptable at least after small modifications. A "turn key" contract was signed on 18 th of December 2003. EPR (European Pressurized Water Reactor) is based on the newest French and German PWRs. Framatome ANP names both N 4 -generation (Civaux 1 and 2, Chooz B 1 and B 2) i France and KONVOI-reactors (Neckarwestheim 2, Isar 2, Emsland) in Germany as references. Responsible energy Jukka Sovijärvi 4 th ISOE European Workshop on Occupational Exposure Management at NPPs, Lyon, France 24 -26 March 2004 Teollisuuden Voima Oy 18

Plant supply Turnkey plant supply, i. e. plant supplier is responsible for: • • plant delivery, incl. buildings, time schedule, fulfillment of safety requirements, production capacity. Fixed price supply, excluding certain escalations with ceiling price. Responsible energy Jukka Sovijärvi 4 th ISOE European Workshop on Occupational Exposure Management at NPPs, Lyon, France 24 -26 March 2004 Teollisuuden Voima Oy 19

Olkiluoto 3 Location Reactor supplier Reactor’s country of origin Reactor type Turbine supplier Olkiluoto, Eurajoki Framatome ANP France/Germany Pressurized water reactor, PWR Siemens AG, Germany Electric output Net efficiency Total building volume approx. 1 600 MW ca. 37 % 950 000 m 3 Responsible energy Jukka Sovijärvi 4 th ISOE European Workshop on Occupational Exposure Management at NPPs, Lyon, France 24 -26 March 2004 Teollisuuden Voima Oy 20

Reactor main data EPR Reactor thermal power 4300 MW Electric output approx. 1600 MW Reactor pressure 154 bar Steam temperature 290 o. C Pressure vessel height 13 m Reactor core height 4. 2 m Number of fuel elements 241 pcs Uranium in reactor 128 ton UO 2 Number of control rods 89 pcs Containment height 63 m Containment width 49 m Containment wall thickness 2 m Responsible energy Jukka Sovijärvi 4 th ISOE European Workshop on Occupational Exposure Management at NPPs, Lyon, France 24 -26 March 2004 Teollisuuden Voima Oy 21

Main activities during the coming few years Licencing prosess Engagement of personnel Training and education Procurement of equipment not including to the plant delivery Responsible energy Jukka Sovijärvi 4 th ISOE European Workshop on Occupational Exposure Management at NPPs, Lyon, France 24 -26 March 2004 Teollisuuden Voima Oy 22

OLKILUOTO 3 in February 2004 Responsible energy Jukka Sovijärvi 4 th ISOE European Workshop on Occupational Exposure Management at NPPs, Lyon, France 24 -26 March 2004 Teollisuuden Voima Oy 23