THE EUROPEAN UNION EU Aurélien Mazuy Pascaline Winand

THE EUROPEAN UNION (EU) Aurélien Mazuy, Pascaline Winand Caitlin Gheller

ć ! ś Who I am e Cz n n ! Ho la Pascaline Winand My identities: • Belgian • European: n n ! ey H Father from Walloon and Flemish parts of Belgium Mother from France and Austria • International: n Studied and taught in Belgium, France, the United States, Russia, Ukraine, Belarus, Peru, Italy and now in Australia Salut !

Brussels http: //www. flickr. com/photos/smfrick/381844064/ Languages and provinces of Belgium (yellow: Dutch language, red: French language, orange: bilingual French - Dutch, blue: German language) Source: wikipedia

Europe & Australia: http: //upload. wikimedia. org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b 3/World-map-2004 -cia-factbook-large-1. 7 m-whitespaceremoved. jpg/800 px-World-map-2004 -cia-factbook-large-1. 7 m-whitespace-removed. jpg

n - A long relationship: Portuguese : Beginning of the 16 th Century? Dutch : 17 th Century French : 17 th Century English: 17 th Century http: //upload. wikimedia. org/wikipedia/commo ns/thumb/7/76/Captainjamescookportrait. jpg/ 220 px-Captainjamescookportrait. jpg

European immigration : 18 th to 21 st Century - - 18 th-19 th Century : UK (Gold Rush) WWII : Jewish, Dutch, Italian, Greek, German, Yugoslavian… White Australia Policy until the 1970 s

Australian-EU immigration and travel - - Nearly 70% of Australians can claim European Ancestry ! About 30 000 new European migrants to Australia every year 1. 3 million Europeans visit Australia every year About 1 million Australians travel to Europe (Source: http: //www. dfat. gov. au/geo/european_union/eu_br ief. html)

A snapshot of what is the “European Union” (EU) n n Not a State: in-between a state and an international organisation Not Europe: Norway, Switzerland etc. are not members of the EU Represents 503. 8 million people Has 27 member states, 28 with the accession of Croatia in 2013

EU Member States by Population n n n 1 Germany 81, 305, 856 2 France 65, 630, 692 3 United Kingdom 63, 047, 162 4 Italy 61, 254 5 Spain 47, 042, 984 6 Poland 38, 415, 284 7 Romania 21, 848, 504 8 Netherlands 16, 730, 632 Netherlands 9 Greece 10, 767, 827 10 Portugal 10, 781, 459 11 Belgium 10, 438, 353 12 Czech Republic 10, 177, 300 13 Hungary 9, 958, 453 14 Sweden 9, 103, 788 n n n n 15 Austria 8, 219, 743 16 Bulgaria 7, 037, 935 17 Denmark 5, 543, 453 18 Slovakia 5, 483, 088 19 Finland 5, 262, 930 20 Ireland 4, 722, 028 21 Lithuania 3, 525, 761 22 Latvia 2, 191, 580 23 Slovenia 1, 996, 617 24 Estonia 1, 274, 709 25 Cyprus 1, 138, 071 26 Luxembourg 509, 074 27 Malta 409, 836 adapted from https: //www. cia. gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/fields/2119. html#ee

Many member states and… n n n EU institutions (Commission, Council, Court of Justice…) Many policies: agriculture, environment, competition, immigration… Many players: private interest groups, citizen groups, non EU governmental actors, journalists…

The European Union ‘Symbols’: European Anthem: “Ode to Joy” by Beethoven n http: //www. youtube. com/watc h? v=Wod-Mud. LNPA http: //upload. wikimedia. o rg/wikipedia/commons/th umb/6/6 f/Beethoven. jpg/ 300 px-Beethoven. jpg Musical arrangement: Herbert von Karajan Recorded at: Teatro da Trindade - Lisboa - 1994 Orchestra: Orchestre d'Harmonie des Jeunes de l'Union Européenne, conducted by André Reichling Producer: European Commission in collaboration with the Council of Europe ALL RIGHTS OF THE PRODUCER AND THE OWNER OF THE WORK REPRODUCED RESERVED

n Europa Myth: Where does the name ‘Europe’ come from? http: //upload. wikimedia. org/wiki pedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Mo reau, _Europa_and_the_Bull. jpg/ 180 px. Moreau, _Europa_and_the_Bull. j pg http: //upload. wikimedia. org/wikipedia/commons/thu mb/9/91/Abduction_of_Europe, _European_Parliament, _Strasbourg. jpg/800 px. Abduction_of_Europe, _European_Parliament, _Strasbo urg. jpg

The Flag: 12 stars n http: //upload. wikimedia. org/wikipe dia/en/thumb/6/6 d/European_flag. s vg/800 px-European_flag. svg. png

Europe Day 9 May

n The motto: “UNITED IN DIVERSITY” http: //europa. eu/abc/symbols/9 may/gallery/1997/index_en. htm http: //europa. eu/abc/symbols/9 may/gallery/2005/index_en. htm

Why the European Union? : n The Peace : - WWI (1914 -1918) & WWII (1939 -1945) - Millions of dead Time to stop ! News LTD

A United Europe: a long tradition - Roman Empire : 27 B. C to 476 A. C Napoleon Empire : 19 th Century 1989 : The Fall of the Berlin Wall … towards the reunification of Eastern and Western Europe http: //www. dodmedia. osd. mil/DVIC_View/Still_Details. cfm? S DAN=DFST 9103520&JPGPath=/Assets/Still/1991/Air_Force/D F-ST-91 -03520. JPG

n - - A strong Europe in a globalised world: Possible to compete with other economic giants (USA / Japan / China…) More coherent to tackle terrorism and organized crime Coordinating foreign policies Defend certain values: rule of law, human rights, peace

Historic Steps: n 1951: The European Coal and Steel Community (ECSC) is established by the six founding members - France: Germany: The Netherlands: Italy: Belgium: Luxembourg: http: //en. wikipedia. org/wiki/Image: Flag_of_France. svg http: //en. wikipedia. org/wiki/Image: Flag_of_Germany. svg http: //en. wikipedia. org/wiki/Image: Flag_of_the_Netherlands. svg http: //en. wikipedia. org/wiki/Image: Flag_of_Italy. svg http: //en. wikipedia. org/wiki/Image: Flag_of_Belgium. svg http: //en. wikipedia. org/wiki/Image: Flag_of_Luxembourg. svg

CE | | P-012620/00 -04 | 07/02/2007 France Germany The Netherlands Italy Belgium Luxembourg http: //upload. wikimedia. org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Europe_blank_map. png/1000 px-Europe_blank_map. png

CE | | P-012620/00 -04 | 07/02/2007 France Germany The Netherlands Italy Belgium Luxembourg The Netherlands Belgium France Germany Luxembourg Italy http: //upload. wikimedia. org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Europe_blank_map. png/1000 px-Europe_blank_map. png

Treaty of Paris (ECSC) Family photo of those signing the Treaty of Paris, from left to right: Paul van Zeeland, Belgian Minister for Foreign Affairs; Joseph Bech, Minister for Foreign Affairs and Foreign Trade and Wine growing of Luxembourg; Joseph Meurice, Belgian Minister for Foreign Trade; Carlo Sforza, Italian Minister for Foreign Affairs; Robert Schuman, French Minister for Foreign Affairs; Konrad Adenauer, German Federal Chancellor; Dirk Stikker, Dutch Minister for Foreign Affairs; and Johannes van den Brink, Dutch Minister for Economic Affairs

n n 1957: The Treaties of Rome Beginning of the European Economic Community (E. E. C. ) and of Euratom in 1958

n 1973: The Community expands to nine member states and develops its common policies Denmark: http: //fr. wikipedia. org/wiki/Image: Flag_of_Denmark. svg Republic of Ireland: http: //fr. wikipedia. org/wiki/Image: Flag_of_Ireland. svg The United Kingdom: http: //fr. wikipedia. org/wiki/Image: Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom. svg

CE | | P-012620/00 -04 | 07/02/2007 Denmark The U. K Rep. of Ireland http: //upload. wikimedia. org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Europe_blank_map. png/1000 px-Europe_blank_map. png

CE | | P-012620/00 -04 | 07/02/2007 The U. K Rep of Ireland Denmark The U. K Rep. Of of Ireland Denmark http: //upload. wikimedia. org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Europe_blank_map. png/1000 px-Europe_blank_map. png

n 1979: The 1 st direct elections to the European Parliament (now held every five years) http: //fr. wikipedia. org/wiki/Image: European-parliamentstrasbourg-inside. jpg

n 1981 & 1986: The 1 st Mediterranean enlargements Greece: January 1981 http: //fr. wikipedia. org/wiki/Image: Flag_of_Greece. svg Spain: January 1986 http: //fr. wikipedia. org/wiki/Image: Flag_of_Spain. svg Portugal: January 1986 http: //fr. wikipedia. org/wiki/Image: Flag_of_Portugal. svg

CE | | P-012620/00 -04 | 07/02/2007 Greece Spain Portugal http: //upload. wikimedia. org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Europe_blank_map. png/1000 px-Europe_blank_map. png

CE | | P-012620/00 -04 | 07/02/2007 Greece Spain Portugal Greece http: //upload. wikimedia. org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Europe_blank_map. png/1000 px-Europe_blank_map. png

The single market n n President of the European Commission Jacques Delors plan to have a Single Market by 1992. Leads to the Single European Act (signed in 1986)

n n Fall of Berlin Wall in 1989 Unification of Germany: October 1990 (‘silent’ EU enlargement? )

n November 1993: The Treaty of Maastricht establishes the European Union CE | | P-001327/00 -02 | 01/11/93

n January 1995: The European Union expands to 15 members Austria: http: //en. wikipedia. org/wiki/Image: Flag_of_Austria. svg Finland: http: //en. wikipedia. org/wiki/Image: Flag_of_Finland. svg Sweden: http: //en. wikipedia. org/wiki/Image: Flag_of_Sweden. svg

CE | | P-012620/00 -04 | 07/02/2007 Austria Finland Sweden http: //upload. wikimedia. org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Europe_blank_map. png/1000 px-Europe_blank_map. png

CE | | P-012620/00 -04 | 07/02/2007 Austria Finland Sweden Austria http: //upload. wikimedia. org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Europe_blank_map. png/1000 px-Europe_blank_map. png

n 2002: Euro notes and coins are introduced CE | | P-008484/00 -9 | 2001

http: //en. wikipedia. org/wiki/Image: Euro_coins_version_II. png http: //en. wikipedia. org/wiki/Image: Euro_banknotes. png

What is the value of 1 Euro? = 1, 24 $AUS (17/12/2012) CE | | P-008484/00 -11 | 2001

n A French baguette: http: //en. wikipedia. org/wiki/Image: Baguette. png A. B. C. 4€ 1, 50€ 23, 65€

B. 1, 50€ (= 2, 51 $AUS)

n Spaghetti at a restaurant: http: //en. wikipedia. org/wiki/Image: Spaghetti_bolognese. jpg A. B. C. 16€ 36€ 45€

A. 16€ (= 26, 8 $AUS)

n A. B. C. Thalys train ticket (Paris-Brussels) one way – full fare: 39€ 49€ 99€ http: //en. wikipedia. org/wiki/Image: Thalys_4343_Koeln. jpg

A. 39€ (= 48, 69 $AUS)

n 2004: Ten more countries join the European Union: Poland: http: //en. wikipedia. org/wiki/Image: Flag_of_Poland. svg Estonia: http: //en. wikipedia. org/wiki/Image: Flag_of_Estonia. svg Lithuania: http: //en. wikipedia. org/wiki/Image: Flag_of_Lithuania. svg Latvia: http: //en. wikipedia. org/wiki/Image: Flag_of_Latvia. svg The Czech Republic: http: //en. wikipedia. org/wiki/Image: Flag_of_the_Czech_Republic. svg Malta: http: //en. wikipedia. org/wiki/Image: Flag_of_Malta. svg Cyprus: http: //en. wikipedia. org/wiki/Image: Flag_of_Cyprus. svg Hungary: http: //en. wikipedia. org/wiki/Image: Flag_of_Hungary. svg Slovakia: http: //en. wikipedia. org/wiki/Image: Flag_of_Slovakia. svg Slovenia: http: //en. wikipedia. org/wiki/Image: Flag_of_Slovenia. svg

CE | | P-012620/00 -04 | 07/02/2007 Cyprus The Czech Republic Estonia Hungary Latvia http: //upload. wikimedia. org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Europe_blank_map. png/1000 px-Europe_blank_map. png

CE | | P-012620/00 -04 | 07/02/2007 Cyprus The Czech Republic Estonia Hungary Latvia Estonia Latvia The Czech Republic Hungary Cyprus http: //upload. wikimedia. org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Europe_blank_map. png/1000 px-Europe_blank_map. png

CE | | P-012620/00 -04 | 07/02/2007 Lithuania Malta Poland Slovakia Slovenia http: //upload. wikimedia. org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Europe_blank_map. png/1000 px-Europe_blank_map. png

CE | | P-012620/00 -04 | 07/02/2007 Lithuania Malta Poland Slovakia Slovenia Lithuania Poland Slovakia Slovenia Malta http: //upload. wikimedia. org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Europe_blank_map. png/1000 px-Europe_blank_map. png

Enlargement and neighbourhood policy: n 2007: 2 new countries Bulgaria: http: //en. wikipedia. org/wiki/Image: Flag_of_Bulgaria. svg Romania: http: //en. wikipedia. org/wiki/Image: Flag_of_Romania. svg

2013 Accession n Croatia is expected to join the EU on July 1 st 2013. Croatia: http: //en. wikipedia. org/wiki/Image: Flag_of_Croatia. svg

CE | | P-012620/00 -04 | 07/02/2007 Bulgaria Romania Turkey Croatia http: //upload. wikimedia. org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Europe_blank_map. png/1000 px-Europe_blank_map. png

CE | | P-012620/00 -04 | 07/02/2007 Bulgaria Romania Croatia Bulgaria http: //upload. wikimedia. org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Europe_blank_map. png/1000 px-Europe_blank_map. png

CE | | P-012620/00 -04 | 07/02/2007

n n How can a country become a member of the European Union? The Copenhagen Criteria (1993) - Political Criteria: National institutions guaranteeing democracy, human rights, rule of law, & respect of minorities - Economic Criteria: operational market economy - Legislative Criteria: ability to implement EU legislation

How does the European Union work ? n Languages: - Working languages: French, English and German - - Official languages: the languages of the member states (i. e 23 languages) Citizens can ask for any document in their own language

The Council of the European Union - State representatives (national ministers) 6 months Presidency: January 2013 to June 2013: Ireland July 2013 to December 2013: Lithuania - http: //en. wikipedia. org/wiki/File: Kenny_2011. jpg Edna Kenny – Taoiseach (Prime Minister)

European Council Heads of state or government of EU member states, President of the European Commission, President of the European Council. The High Representative for Foreign Affairs also takes part in its meetings. http: //www. flickr. com/photos/minister-president/5555966067/in/set-72157626347814212/

Herman Van Rompuy European Council President Catherine Ashton High Representative of the Union for Foreign Affairs and Security Policy

The European Parliament - Represents EU citizens 3 locations: - Secretariat in Luxembourg - Strasbourg (plenaries) - Brussels (committees/plenaries) http: //en. wikipedia. org/wiki/Image: Europaparlament. jpg http: //en. wikipedia. org/wiki/Image: Europarliament. CROPPED. jpg Elections: every 5 years / Last one in 2009

The European Commission - Represents the common European interest 1 Commissioner / member State (27) Location : Brussels http: //en. wikipedia. org/wiki/Image: European_Commission_outside. jpg President : José Manuel Barroso - http: //en. wikipedia. org/wiki/Image: Jos%C 3%A 9_Manuel_Barroso_MEDEF. jpg -

Also - n n The Court of Justice The Court of Auditors European Economic and Social Committee (Brussels) The Committee of the Regions (Brussels) The European Investment Bank (Luxembourg) The European Central Bank (Frankfurt am Main)

What does the EU do ? n - - - The Common Agricultural Policy: one example Very important in the EU budget : 36. 83% nowadays (more than 60% before the 1990 s) Subsidises farmers to not over produce and to respect the environment Italy, Spain & France : 3 major beneficiaries of this policy. http: //en. wikipedia. org/wiki/Image: Clos. La. Plana. Edit. jpg

A Citizens’ Europe n The Schengen Zone: Reinforces the borders at the Schengen frontiers No more frontiers inside: free to move, no need for a passport The Schengen Zone also includes non-EU members (Switzerland, Norway…) http: //upload. wikimedia. org/wikipedia/commons/9/9 d/French_passport_front_cover. jpg http: //en. wikipedia. org/wiki/Image: Schengen_Agreement_map. svg

Schengen • some member states signed the Schengen Agreement on June 14 1985, under which all border controls would be removed • Who signed? France, Germany, the Benelux states. (By the end of 1992, Italy, Greece, Portugal and Spain signed too) • Britain, Denmark and Ireland do not join • Since then all EU member states have joined except Britain and Ireland (limited membership covering police cooperation but not asylum, visas and border controls) • plus non EU member states: Iceland, Norway, Switzerland • The signatories can still implement controls and it does not mean passport free travel everywhere

n - - - Erasmus: Scholarships for European students to study for one semester or one year at a European university Building of a “Europe of students ” Recognition of your semester(s) abroad Provides access for students from disadvantaged backgrounds to study abroad 2013 budget € 490 million (. 35% of EU budget) http: //en. wikipedia. org/wiki/Image: Eras. jpg

Europe & Australia n Economic links: - Trade: • The total value of goods and services trade with Europe increased by 5. 6% in 2011 to $93. 1 billion. • Australian exports to the EU inceased in value by 5. 3% in 2011 to $19 billion • Europe accounts for 15. 3% of Australia’s total trade in goods and services. • The EU accounted for 87. 4% of Australia’s trade with Europe • Trade to Russia increased by 54. 2%, and Norway by 28. 6% • Australia exports food (processed and unprocessed), minerals (such as coal, iron and nickel), chemical and engineering products Source: http: //www. dfat. gov. au/publications/stats-pubs/Australia-trade-with. Europe-2011. pdf

n Economic links: • Imports: Australia’s major import sources in the EU in 2011 came from Germany (up by 0. 6%), the UK (up by 9%), Italy (up 5. 1%) and France (remained steady) • Australia imports from Europe processed foods, chemicals, engineered goods and manufactured goods (such as household appliances & equipment) - Investment: • The EU as a bloc is Australia’s largest foreign investor • EU foreign direct investment in Australia totalled A$143 billion — approximately 28. 3% of Australia's total inwards foreign direct investment • The UK is the largest source of inward FDI (48. 6%) from the EU into Australia followed by the Netherlands (22. 9%) and Germany (10%)

The EU and Australia n Other cooperation : - Political: Joint Declaration (1997) - Australia engages in bilateral relations with each EU member state - Foreign policy & security: - - - tackle terrorism (exchange of info Australian Federal Police and Europol/Jakarta Centre for Law Enforcement Cooperation) counter nuclear proliferation Education: bilateral exchanges Science & technology: research programmes (FEAST) Environment, energy issues Asia-Pacific Region: Aceh (EU monitoring mission), East Timor - Development cooperation in Pacific region

The EU and Australia n n n Other cooperation : The Australia – European Union Partnership Framework (CHAPEAU) Launched in Paris in 2008, the framework covers: • Shared foreign policy and global security interests • The multilateral rules-based trading system and the bilateral trade and investment relationship • The Asia-Pacific region • Energy issues, climate change and fisheries and forestry • Science, research, technology and innovation, education and culture and facilitating the movement of people.

Australian-EU meetings and contacts Meeting of Prime Minister Julia Gillard with European Commission President Barroso in Canberra September 2011 n Foreign Affairs Minister Bob Carr meeting with High Representative Catherine Ashton in Brussels April 2012 n 2012 the 50 th anniversary of Australian – EU relations n Regular ministerial consultations with the EU Council presidency (foreign ministers level) n Contacts between the Australian Parliament and the European Parliament (visit of MEPs to Australia in Feb 2007) n Delegation of the European Commission in Canberra (since 1981) n

Australian-EU meetings and contacts Strengthening ties Between Australia and the EU • Julia Gillard visited Brussels in October 2010 to attend the 8 th ASEM summit and to discuss a treaty level bilateral Framework Agreement, met with Barrosso and Van Rompuy • Barrosso visited Australia in September 2011 to hold bilateral talks, the first Commission President to visit since 1982 • High Representative Catherine Ashton visited in October 2011, opened negotiations on aid projects and the Framework Agreement • European Commissioner for Trade Karel De Gucht visited in March 2012 for trade negotiations • Foreign Minister Bob Carr met with Catherine Ashton in Brussels in April 2012

The European Union: A process still under construction n 2005: The “NO-crisis” http: //en. wikipedia. org/wiki/Image: Consttreat. jpg - “NO” from France and the Netherlands on a referendum implementing a Treaty establishing a Constitution for Europe http: //en. wikipedia. org/wiki/Image: FR_referendum_EU_constitution. JPG

n 2008: The Lisbon Treaty http: //en. wikipedia. org/wiki/Image: Tratado_de_Lisboa_13_12_2007_%28081%29. jpg

The Eurozone Crisis n How has the eurozone been affected by the crisis? • Greece: Debt in December 2009 is more than € 300 billion, 113% of Greece’s GDP, bailout packages in 2010, 2011 in exchange for tough austerity measures, credit rating downgraded, mass protests against the austerity measures, from socialist to technocrat to coalition governments • Italy: High borrowing costs (7. 5%), resignation of Silvio Berlusconi, technocrat Mario Monti takes control, austerity measures reaching € 30 billion, violence and protests at austerity measures, growth shrinking, Monti resigns

• Portugal: Credit rating downgraded, record high borrowing costs, requests for € 80 billion bailout package, 2011 protests against austerity measures, healthcare cuts/rise in deaths • Spain: Viewed as the next Greece, debt downgraded, loses AAA credit rating, European Central Bank purchases bonds, more than 5. 3 million unemployed, € 16. 5 billion in spending cuts, conservative party elected, austerity protests, banks seek bailouts • Ireland: Debt ratings downgraded, banks nationalised, credit rating drops, € 90 billion bailout by IMF in 2010, € 21 billion in 2011, mass protests to spending cuts, house prices plummet

The Eurozone Crisis The unemployment rate in the Eurozone is 11. 7%, rose by 2. 174 million from October 2011 - 2012 n Of this 11. 7%, the countries with the highest levels of unemployment are: • Spain (26. 2%) • Greece (25. 4%) • Portugal (16. 3%) • Ireland (14. 7%) Compare this with • Germany (5. 4%) • Australia (5. 2%) n Source: http: //epp. eurostat. ec. europa. eu/cache/ITY_PUBLIC/3 -30112012 -BP/EN/3 -30112012 -BP-EN. PDF

Youth Unemployment 2012 Source: http: //epp. eurostat. ec. europa. eu/statistics_explained/images/a/ac/Unemployment_rates% 2 C_seasonally_adjusted%2 C_October_2012. png

Nobel Peace Prize n n The EU was awarded the 2012 Nobel Peace Prize "for over six decades [having] contributed to the advancement of peace and reconciliation, democracy and human rights in Europe". Nobel committee president Thorbjoern Jagland highlighted the EU’s work on: • Reconciliation between France and Germany • The incorporation of post-authoritarian states such as Greece, Portugal and Spain • The reconciliation of Balkan states. n The EU donated its prize money to children affected by war, known as the ‘Children of Peace Initiative’

Nobel Peace Prize

Eurovision Source : http: //www. agoravox. fr/IMG/euro vision 2006. jpg Source : http: //cache. kotaku. com/assets/resources/2007/10/eurovision. jpg n n n First held in 1956 43 countries and 24 in the finale Controversially held in Azerbaijan, 2013 competition taking place in Mälmo, Sweden Big Four: France, UK, Ireland, Luxembourg 2012 winner: Loreen from Sweden Source: http: //en. wikipedia. org/wiki/File: Loreen_Eurovision_2012_ winner. jpg

Green Countries that have already selected their entrant and/ or song Red Countries that did not qualify for the final Yellow Countries that participated in the past but will not in 2012 Source: http: //en. wikipedia. org/wiki/File: ESC_2012_Map. svg

Sport n - - UEFA: Union of European Football Associations 53 national associations UEFA European Football Championship: started in 1958 and finals in 1960. Current winner: Chelsea (England)/ Most successful team : Real Madrid (Spain)

UEFA Nations Green UEFA member country that has been represented in the group stage Blue UEFA member country that has not been represented in the group stage Grey Not a UEFA member

NATO Source: http: //en. wikipedia. org/wiki/File: History_of_NATO_enlargement. s vg

Questions ?