The European Interlending Environment Stuart Hunt Interlend 2003

The European Interlending Environment Stuart Hunt Interlend 2003, Cambridge, July 2003

Outline § Is there a European interlending environment? § Types of European ILL activity § Objective or environmentally conditioned problems?

IFLA § “The shared use of individual library collections is a necessary element of international co-operation by libraries. Just as no library can be self-sufficient in meeting all the information needs of its users, so no country can be self-sufficient. The supply of loans and copies between libraries in different countries is a valuable and necessary part of the ILL process. ” International Lending and Document Delivery: Principles and Guidelines for Procedure , 2001 rev.

Types of ILL activity § Regional § National } Limited choice Simple solutions § Continental § Inter-continental } Multiple choices Complex solutions § Planned vs unplanned decentralisation § Regions vs library-to-library

Centralised/distributed ILL § Centralised model § May make doing international ILL easier BUT slower & more costly § Distributed model § Greater control over choice of service § Neither may be used exclusively § Centralised collapses into distributed § Decline in central stock = increase in distributed ILL

Commercial/cooperative models § Commercial model § Income generation § Must break even § Cooperative model § Ideological § Service ethos § Difficult to sustain long-term

Types of European ILL activity § Intra-European interlending § Subito, Nordkvik, TEL (? ) § Extra-European interlending § OCLC ILL § Intra- and extra- European interlending § BLDSC

Verbs § § Discover Locate Request Deliver

Finding § Bibliographic § Reliable citations/bibliographic data § Where? /What sources? § Union catalogue? OPAC(s)? § Holdings § Discovery of location(s) § Relation to bibliographic resource

Users § Things you may do to prevent them: § No loans for things held locally § System § Manual § Restrictions on service § User status/type § Restrictions on max cost

Lenders § How to send request? In what format? § e-mail, phone, fax, proprietary system, web-form § Who to? And how do you find their contact details? § Will they supply? § Will they charge? If so, how much? § Fill rate § Requesting from an unknown/untested source may result in low fill rates for borrowing = dissatisfied users

Payment § Free of charge or payment required? § Can you comply with payment method? § § IFLA vouchers Library credit cards € Banker/broker function by intermediary service. § e. g. OCLC IFM, Subito.

Legal § EU copyright directive § Implementation across Europe not consistent § What is legal in one country may not be legal in another § e. g. use of Ariel & other scanning software § E-signatures

Success § Reciprocate? § Success as a borrower = more work as a lender § All the questions you asked as a borrower you need to ask yourself as a lender… § Do we supply, do we charge, how, to whom, etc. § BUT being a supplier means income generation to finance more borrowing … OR establishing favourable reciprocal agreements

Automating the verbs § Discover, Locate, Request, Deliver § Z 39. 50, Open. URL, ISO ILL, NCIP § Will automate what you already do § Will ease what the user has to do § Machine-to-machine interaction § Standardised messaging/exchange of data

Standards § Require configuration § Do standards help with what it is difficult to do? § Find new lenders outside of the known § Getting management information § Disparate solutions = dispersion of data across systems/platforms

Technology § Relationship between technology, services & environment § Developing technology to meet service requirements or modifying service to meet technology? § ‘Road-building’ § Historically conditioned § Availability of funding

Summary § There is no European interlending environment § Micro level - Policy may arise out of practical success or failure § Hybrid solutions that do not easily translate from place to place § Macro level – historically & environmentally conditioned approaches § National resources accessed/exploited by international users

hunts@oclc. org