The EU Strategy for the Danube Region Priority Area 1 b: To improve mobility and Multimodality – road, rail and air links Transport & Logistics “Bridging the Gaps between the Danube Region Countries” (Part II) Franc Žepič, PAC 1 b Ministry of Infrastructure, Slovenia Transport & Logistics in the SEE and in the Danube region 14 April 2016 | Sava Centar, Belgrade, 1 Serbia
The EU and Macro-regions: ü First macro-region: the EU Strategy for the Baltic Sea Region (EUSBR); 2009 ü Second macro-region: the EU Strategy for the Danube Region (EUSDR) - 8 Dec 2010: Adoption by the CION (Two docs: Communication on Strategy and Action plan) - 24 June 2011: endorsed by the European Council! - 30 June / 1 July 2011: the end of preparation / start of implementation ü Third macro-region: The Adriatic-Ionian Macro-Region (EUSAIR); 2014 ü Fourth macro-region: The Alpine Macro-Region (EUSALP); 2015 --- EUSDR - 11 Priority areas: ü PA 1: To improve Mobility and Multimodality ü PA 1 a: inland waterways - Austria and Romania ü PA 1 b : rail, road and air links - Slovenia and Serbia 2
The Danube Region. . . Ø 14 States: Germany, Austria, Czech Republic, Slovakia, Hungary, Slovenia, Romania, Bulgaria, Croatia, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Serbia, Montenegro, Moldova, Ukraine Ø Population: 115 mio (EU 28: 506 mio) Area: 1, 092. 591 km 2 (EU 28: 4, 324, 782) 3
Danube Region – development indicators Country Germany Population GDP 2014 bill ion USD GDP 2014 per capita PPP USD The EU: from 6 to 28 members (since 2004: „Old & New Member States“) 81, 757, 600 3. 868. 29 39, 717. 70 8, 356, 707 436. 34 43, 905. 68 Czech Republic 10, 674, 947 205. 52 28, 694. 71 Romania 21, 959, 278 199. 04 6, 195. 84 Hungary 10, 005, 000 138. 35 11, 888. 11 Croatia 4, 489, 409 57. 11 10, 561. 27 Bulgaria 7, 576, 751 56. 71 4, 915. 85 Slovakia 5, 429, 763 99. 79 26, 354. 70 Slovenia 2, 054, 199 49. 49 19, 110. 56 Serbia 7, 306, 677 43. 87 4, 245. 54 B&H 4, 613, 414 18. 29 9, 515. 65 672, 180 4, 48 4, 757. 32 Moldova 3, 567, 500 7. 94 4, 753. 55 ENP (Eastern Neighbourhood Policy): Moldova, Ukraine (Association Agreement Ukraine 45, 888, 000 131. 81 8, 267. 07 signed 2014) Austria Montenegro Source: Internet - http: //www. tradingeconomics. com/ Enlargements: 1957/58: BE, DE, FR, IT, LUX, NL (Founder states) 1973: DK, IE, UK 1981: GR 1986: ES, PT 1995: AT, FI, SE 2004: CZ, EST, CY, LV, LT, HU, MT, PL, SI, SK 2007: BG, RO 2013: CRO Candidate countries Potential Candidate Country : Montenegro, Serbia, Bosnia & Herzegovina, 3
Danube Region – transport The Danube region: High diversity between 9 EU and 5 non-EU countries Unbalanced transport and infrastructure between Danube countries Rail network: high and conventional rail. Source: Internet A set of Contradictions: § High freight and passengers transport on the road, low freight and passengers transport on the railways, § Underused extensive network of railways, overused extensive yet poor road infrastructure § High number of ports, low level of container transshipments, § Low motorization of the population, high number of fatalities and seriously injured on the roads § Inadequate air transport connections, 5 relatively high number of airports
Infrastructure: “Once upon a Time” Pan-European corridors (Crete 1994, Helsinki 1997) • No. IV: Dresden/Nuremberg – Prague – Vienna/Bratislava – Budapest – Bucarest – Constanta – Sofia – Thesalloniki/Plovdiv - Istanbul • No. V: Venice – Ljubljana – Budapest – L’viv Branch A: Bratislava - Uzhhorod Branch B: Rijeka – Zagreb - Budapest Branch C: Ploče – Sarajevo -Budapest • No. VI: Gdansk – Katowice – Žilina; branch Katowice - Brno • No. VII: The Danube River • No. VIII: Durres – Tirana – Skopje – Sofia – Plovdiv – Burgas – Varna – Constanta • No IX: Helsinki - St. Petersburg – Kiev – Chişinău – Bucharest - Dimitrovgrad – Alexandroupolis • No. X: Salzburg – Ljubljana – Belgrade – Skopje Thessaloniki Branch A: Graz – Maribor - Zagreb The corridors are road-rail (multi-modal), with the Branch B: Budapest – Novi Sad - Beograd exception of Corridor VII, which is represented by the Branch C: Niš – Sofia - Istanbul Danube river. Branch D: Veles – Bitola - Igumenitsa 6
Transport Infrastructure: „Yesterday“ Core Corridors – TEN-T (Reg. 1315/2013 on TEN-T and Reg. 1316/2013 on CEF) 2014 – 2020 (2030): 9 CORE TEN-T CORRIDORS and EU COORDINATORS: 1. Scandinavian-Mediterranean Corridor (FI, SE, DK, DE, AT, IT, MT) – Mr. Pat Cox (IE) 2. North Sea-Baltic Corridor (NL, BE, DE, PL, LT, LV, EE, FI) – Mr. Pavel Telička (CZ) 3. North Sea-Mediterranean Corridor (IE, UK, FR, NL, BE, LU) – Mr. Peter Balazs (HU) 4. Baltic-Adriatic Corridor (PL, SK, CZ, AT, SI, IT) – Mr. Kurt Bodewig (DE) 5. Orient/East-Med Corridor (DE, CZ, SK, AT, HU, RO, BG, GR, CY) – Mr. Mathieu Grosch (BE) 6. Rhine-Alpine Corridor (NL, BE, DE, FR, IT) – Mr. Paweł Wojciechowski (PL) 7. Atlantic Corridor (PT, ES, FR, DE) – Mr. Carlo Secchi (IT) Five corridors are part of the Danube region transport network i. e. No. 1, No. 4, No. 5, No. 8 and No. 9. 8. Rhine-Danube Corridor (FR, DE, AT, CZ, SK, HU, HR, RO, BG) – Ms Karla Peijs (NL) 9. Mediterranean Corridor (ES, FR, IT, SI, HR, HU) – Mr. 7 Laurens Jan Brinkhorst (NL) 7
Transport Infrastructure: „Today“ TEN-T and Connectivity Agenda Political commitments: 28 August 2014: Conference of Western Balkan States (The Berlin Process) 21 April 2015, Brussels: Commissioner for transport meets with WB 6 Prime Ministers 22 June 2015, Riga: Ministerial meeting with WB Ministers at TEN-T Days 2015 27 August 2015, Vienna: Western Balkans Summit Next: July 2016, Paris: WB 6 Extended Core Corridors: § - Mediterranean Corridor § - Orient/ East-Med Corridor § - Rhine/Danube Corridor 8
TRANSPORT & LOGISTICS in the Danube macro-region Towards 2030 9
EU Regulatory base v Logistics package 2007 (by the Commission): Ø Communication “The EU’s freight transport agenda (COM(2007)606): Boosting the efficiency, integration and sustainability of freight transport in Europe, accompanied by: ü Freight transport logistics action plan, ü Towards a rail network giving priority to Freight, ü Ports Policy ü Maritime and Short Sea-shipping (report) v Urban package 2013 (by the Commission): Ø Communication: » Together towards competitive and resource-efficient urban mobility «, including: Ø A call to action on urban logistics (Commission Staff Working Document) Ø Studies (January 2015): Fact-finding studies in support of the development of an EU strategy for freight transport logistics Lot 1: Analysis of the EU logistics sector 10
Logistics Performance Index LPI measures logistics efficiency. Six component indicators: 1) The efficiency of the clearance process (e. g. speed, simplicity) 2) Quality of infrastructure (roads, rail, ports, RRT, ITS) 3) The ease of arranging competitively priced shipments 4) The competence and quality of logistics services (transport operators, customs brokers) 5) The ability to track and trace consignments 6) The frequency with which shipments reach the consignee within the scheduled or expected delivery time Danube macro-region countries: LPI ranking and scores 2014 (of 155 countries) Country Rank (2012) Germany (4) 1 Bulgaria (36) 47 Austria (11) 22 Croatia (42) 55 Czech Republic (44) 32 Ukraine (66) 61 Hungary (40) 33 Serbia (75) 63 Slovenia (34) 38 Montenegro (120) 67 Romania (54) 40 Bosnia & Herzegovina (55) 81 Slovakia (51) 43 Moldova (132) 94 Source: World Bank (Connecting to compete 2012 & 2014: Trade logistics in the global Economy http: //lpi. worldbank. org/international/global/2014 11
Logistics Potential Western Europe vs Danube Region Western Europe Danube Region Remarks Infrastructure: developed not developed, missing links DR Adriatic and Black sea ports Market: Catchment area (population, GDP), 8 -9 h 135 -190 mio population up to 80 mio population F‘furt: 190 Belgrade: 80 Base Costs: basic operational costs, labour Higher costs 40. 000 -20. 000 eur/year Lower costs 5. 000 – 20. 000 eur/year Austria, Germany, Greece ports, hinterland connections from distribution centre (city) costs, rental and land costs, manufacturing costs Labour Capacity: working population, skilled workers, unemployment=availability Business Environment: Ease of doing business, Regulatory base, Efficient customs clearance procedures Logistics: specialized workforce and logistics centres n/a Skilled / mature n/a Advantage workforce available n/a Varies from country to country Skilled / developing 12
Logistics: „Looking ahead“ To be considered: Ø Sustainable „Green“ logistics: such as use of alternative fuels Ø Technological progress: New rolling stock initiatives: autonomous vehicles (such as Truck platooning), autonomous ship Ø Digitalization: e-Logistics Ø New business model: e. g. Circular economy“ Source: Internet – Colliers report „Emerging logistics hubs in 2020“ 13
Challenges (that remain): Ø To narrow the gap between performance of individual countries in transport: Ø a common strategy for development of transport infrastructure is needed, so that the infrastructure works that are stalled, delayed or postponed should restart Ø better use of intermodal transport in the region (“full modal integration”), quality and reliability of railways to improve, roads: missing links constructed and bottlenecks removed, high performing sea and river ports, including new intermodal terminals developed. Ø Removal of border-crossing barriers, in particular administrative Ø Logistics sector: Ø logistics reform should be started by governments, Ø long term commitments from policymakers and private stakeholders are essential to obtain a reliable supply chain, Ø Two key features: Just-in time (JIT) and Door-to-door (DTD), both favour use of the road and air (the least energy efficient modes), Ø Special attention to city logistics, in order to integrate urban freight operations into door-todoor services, Ø advanced business model (e. g. study the resource efficient circular economy concept – incl. Reverse logistics for reuse, recycle or disposal of material or goods) Ø best practice exchange, in order to learn from each other. 14
Co-operation & Co-ordination & Co-action = Progress The core network corridors, once completed, will provide quality transport services for citizens and businesses, with smoothly integration within the Danube Region as well as with the EU. The priority projects will remove bottlenecks, promote interoperability, and build missing cross-border connectivity. Only coordinated and well implemented national and regional projects can provide Transport and Logistics in service of the market and the people of the Danube region. 15
Thank you very much! Please visit: www. danube-region. eu http: //groupspaces. com/Mobility. Rail-Road-Air/ PAC Serbia Miodrag Poledica, State Secretary Ministry of Transport Belgrade poledica@mgsi. gov. rs PAC Slovenia Mr. Franc Žepič, Secretary Ministry of Infrastructure and Spatial Planning Ljubljana franc. zepic@gov. si 16
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