The Establishment of the United States I

The Establishment of the United States

I. American Ideals

I. American Ideals A. Liberty • My definition • Definition given in class • Examples of American liberty • Equality • My definition • Definition given in class • Examples of American equality • Freedom v. security • Why is there a conflict? • Simple examples • Modern examples

II. The English Colonies

A. Establishment • • Democratic ideas in England Establishment - 1607 -1733

New Hampshire 1630 Rhode Island 1636 Massachusetts Bay/Massachusetts - 1630 Plymouth/Massachusetts - 1620 Connecticut - 1636 Pennsylvania 1681 New York - 1664 New Jersey - 1664 Delaware - 1664 Maryland - 1634 Jamestown/Virginia - 1607 Carolina - 1663 (split into North and South Carolina in 1729) Georgia 1733

B. Geography of the colonies North South

Western Mountains East coastal plain

C. Concepts from the colonial era that would shape the new nation 1. Diversity a) Economics b) Religion c) National origin II. A tradition of self rule

The Virginia House of Burgesses

The Mayflower Compact Agreement Between the Settlers at New Plymouth : 1620 We. . . Do by these Presents, solemnly and mutually, in the Presence of God and one another, covenant and combine ourselves together into a civil Body Politick, for our better Ordering and Preservation, and Furtherance of the Ends aforesaid: And by Virtue hereof do enact, constitute, and frame, such just and equal Laws, Ordinances, Acts, Constitutions, and Officers, from time to time, as shall be thought most meet and convenient for the general Good of the Colony; unto which we promise all due Submission and Obedience. 1620 (Accessed on 7. 31. 11 at http: //avalon. law. yale. edu/17 th_century/mayflower. asp )

III. The Enlightenment A. What was the Enlightenment? B. Enlightenment ideals 1. Natural rights 2. The social contract 3. Limited government C. Three influential Enlightenment thinkers

1. John Locke

2. Montesquieu Separation of powers

3. Voltaire

IV. The American Revolution A. Salutary neglect B. The French and Indian War

North America just prior to the French and Indian War

IV. The American Revolution A. Salutary neglect B. The French and Indian War C. Why the Americans believed they were being abused by the British

1. Taxation without representation The Tea Act - 1773 The Stamp Act - 1765

2. Denial of self rule NY Assembly - 1767 Massachusetts assembly - 1774

3. Denial of Basic Rights The Boston Massacre - 1770 The right to trial by Jury - 1764

V. The Declaration of Independence 1. Structure a. Statement of principles b. List of grievances

V. The Declaration of Independence 1. Structure a. Statement of principles b. List of grievances b. Statement of formal separation

2. Jefferson’s First draft. . . he has waged cruel war against human nature itself, violating it’s most sacred rights of life & liberty in the persons of a distant people who never offended him, captivating & carrying them into slavery in another hemisphere, or to incur miserable death in their transportation thither. this piratical warfare, the opprobrium of infidel powers, is the warfare of the CHRISTIAN king of Great Britain. determined to keep open a market where MEN should be bought & sold, he has prostituted his negative for suppressing every legislative attempt to prohibit or to restrain this execrable commerce: [11] and that this assemblage of horrors might want no fact of distinguished die, he is now exciting those very people to rise in arms among us, and to purchase that liberty of which he has deprived them, by murdering the people upon whom he also obtruded them; thus paying off former crimes committed against the liberties of one people, with crimes which he urges them to commit against the lives of another. (Accessed on 7. 31. 11 at http: //www. princeton. edu/~tjpapers/declaration/ )declaration. html

3. Understanding the Revolution through the Declaration of Independence a. The grievances from the Declaration reflect actual events from the 1760 s and 1770 s b. The Declaration drew upon ideas developed during the colonial period c. The Declaration drew upon ideas from the Enlightenment

VI. Forming an American Government A. Mistrust of a powerful central government

B. The Articles of Confederation and its weaknesses Power to tax Power regulate Independent trade executive Easily changed = Government Bankruptcy Weak Foreign policy Civil unrest

C. The Constitutional Convention 1. Revise or replace? 2. Major conflicts a. Representation

Virginia Plan • Large States • 2 house legislature • Representation based on population New Jersey Plan • Small states • 1 House legislature • Equal representation • Congress given the power to tax and regulate trade The Great Compromise • 2 house legislature • Upper house - Senate - all states have equal representation • Lower house - House of Representatives - Representation based on population

b. Slavery • No significant discussion of abolishing slavery at the convention • How would slaves be counted for representation? • 3/5 compromise

c. The power of the national government • • Many feared a powerful central government 2 compromises: Federalism Power is shared between set and central governments Separation of powers and checks and balances

Article I - The legislative branch (Congress)

Article II - The Executive branch (president)

Article III -The judicial branch (courts)

Article IV - Relations among states

Article V - Amendments

Article VI - Federal supremacy >

Article VII - Ratification

D. Ratification and the Bill of Rights 1. Ratification 2. Federalists v. Anti-Federalists t en s m r rn we ve po go e l rfu nsiv e e ow ext P h it w V. nt me y a ern d b ov ll g limite a Sm wers ts o igh p fr ith Bill o w

3. The Bill of Rights a)I - Five Freedoms - Speech, Press, Religion, Assembly and Petition b)II - Right to Bear arms c)III - No quartering d)IV - Protections against unwarranted search and seizure e)V - Rights of the accused f)VI - Right to a fair trial g)VII - Right to a jury trial in civil cases h)VIII - prohibition of cruel and unusual punishments i)IX - Retention of unenumerated rights j)X - Reserved powers of the states