THE ENGLISH COLONIES
EUROPEAN NATIONS: *Before Columbus, the land that would be known as America was populated by groups of Native Americans or Indians. They had no way of knowing how contact with the Europeans would forever alter or change their way of life. *With each new explorer came a new land claim. The Europeans viewed America as blank or empty land just waiting for them to claim and settle it. 1. The Spanish found their gold and conquered parts of Central and South America and the Caribbean Islands. 2. The French found a land that was rich in furs and soon sought the help of Indian tribes in creating a profitable fur trade. 3. The Dutch developed the land along the Hudson River and created a profitable trading relationship with local Indian tribes. 4. But it was the English who would make the biggest impact on America. England would send thousands of English men and women to a land called North America that was rich in natural resources and land. To the English people who came to live in the 13 colonies, America would become their home. France England Spain 2
British Flag: Union Jack England New 3000 miles France Spain World Atlantic Ocean They came from the island nation of England made the dangerous voyage across the Atlantic Ocean for the promise of a better life in the wilderness known as America. They would be at the mercy of the weather and the strange people who already lived there. Many of them would die during the first year of settlement, but the survivors would build homes and towns. More would come 3 from England America would grow and prosper.
NEW FRANCE 4 1 2 3 NEW FRANCE 4 Northern (New England) Colonies: 1. Massachusetts (Plymouth & Mass. Bay Colony) 2. Connecticut 3. Rhode Island 4. New Hampshire 4
Colony 1: Massachusetts • Founded in 1620 by the Pilgrims. • Plymouth was the original name of the settlement. • John Carver was the leader of the Pilgrims and author of the Mayflower Compact. • Puritans then came and settled Boston (Mass. Bay Colony) • John Winthrop was the governor of this settlement. • New England Colony Mayflower in Plymouth Harbor by William Halsall (1882) Plymouth Plantation, with Cape Cod Bay visible in the distance
Colony 2: Connecticut Also founded in 1636 by a clergyman by then name of Thomas Hooker. He led a group of people from Rhode Island to start their own colony and they had freedom of religion. New England Colony A map of the Connecticut, New Haven, and Saybrook colonies.
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Colony 3: Rhode Island In 1636, Rhode Island became a colony after Roger Williams, a clergyman, obtained a charter from England to form the colony. He spoke out against the Puritans strictness and went to this area to settle and provide religious choice. Rhode Island also had freedom of religion. New England Colony Roger Williams “minister, author”
Colony 4: New Hampshire Sold to the king of England in 1679. Royal colony: king chooses governor and no elected government. New England Colony
1 2 NEW FRANCE 3 4 4 Middle Colonies: 1. New York 2. Pennsylvania 3. New Jersey 4. Delaware 10
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FORT ORANGE NEW AMSTERDAM The Middle Colonies were settled mainly for economic reasons. The land was very fertile, so farming was very important. Called the “Bread Basket of the Colonies” because of the huge amount of wheat and corn grown in the area. New York: Originally settled by the Dutch and called New Netherlands. In 1664, the English took it over and renamed it New York. King of England gave colony to his brother, the Duke of York. New Amsterdam renamed New York City. New Jersey: Duke of York gave land to other nobles south of New York. They created colony and called it New Jersey. Pennsylvania: William Penn given charter by King of England to create colony for Quakers were Christians who wanted to leave England come to the New World for religious freedom. Delaware: Created from piece of Penn. 12
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The colony Virginia was established in 1624
The colony Maryland was established in 1632
The North Carolina was established in 1653
The South Carolina was established in 1663
The Georgia Colony was established in 1732
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