The Educational Role of the Library in a

The Educational Role of the Library in a Digital Environment Part II: Design for Learning. Michael Buckland NORSLIS Visiting Professor Electronic Cultural Atlas Initiative and School of Information, University of California, Berkeley SALT, Uppsala, October 2, 2008 Oct 2, 2008 SALT 2, Uppsala

Emanuel Goldberg, b. Moscow, 1881; son of Grigorii Goldberg; Univ. of Moscow, 1900 -04; Ph. D w. Robert Luther, Leipzig Univ. , 1906; Assistant, Adolf Miethe, TU Charlottenburg, 1906 -07; Prof, Akad. f. graphische Künste, Leipzig, 1907 -17; ICA, Zeiss Ikon, Dresden, 1917 -1933; Kinamo cine camera, 1921; microdots, 1925; search engine, 1927; Contax 35 mm camera 1932; kidnapped by Nazi SA; refugee in Paris, 1933 -37; Laboratory, Palestine, Israel, 1937; d. 1970. WHO? Click a name to search for an internet resource. Oct 2, 2008 SALT 2, Uppsala

Emanuel Goldberg, b. Moscow, 1881; son of Grigorii Goldberg; Univ. of Moscow, 1900 -04; Ph. D w. Robert Luther, Leipzig Univ. , 1906; Assistant, Adolf Miethe, TU Charlottenburg, 1906 -07; Prof, Akad. f. graphische Künste, Leipzig, 1907 -17; ICA, Zeiss Ikon, Dresden, 1917 -1933; Kinamo cine camera, 1921; microdots, 1925; search engine, 1927; Contax 35 mm camera 1932; kidnapped by Nazi SA; refugee in Paris, 1933 -37; Laboratory, Palestine, Israel, 1937; d. 1970. WHERE? Oct 2, 2008 SALT 2, Uppsala

Emanuel Goldberg, b. Moscow, 1881; son of Grigorii Goldberg; Univ. of Moscow, 1900 -04; Ph. D w. Robert Luther, Leipzig Univ. , 1906; Assistant, Adolf Miethe, TU Charlottenburg, 1906 -07; Prof, Akad. f. graphische Künste, Leipzig, 1907 -17; ICA, Zeiss Ikon, Dresden, 1917 -1933; Kinamo cine camera, 1921; microdots, 1925; search engine, 1927; Contax 35 mm camera 1932; kidnapped by Nazi SA; refugee in Paris, 1933 -37; Laboratory, Palestine, Israel, 1937; d. 1970. WHAT? Oct 2, 2008 SALT 2, Uppsala

Building the functionality of a reference collection. 1. Context finder: Search support from text to reference works. 2. Context builder: Make, retain notes and links to reference works. 3. Context provider: Make reference works better by adding two-way links, e. g. text has links to place name list AND place name list has links to texts. Oct 2, 2008 SALT 2, Uppsala

In a paper environment, reading inside a library is the best place to learn. It is well designed to explain the context! How do we move this situation into an internet environment? Library resources Text with a interesting details. Who was she? Where is that? What is this? What else was happening? Oct 2, 2008 Reader SALT 2, Uppsala Encyclopedias Atlases, place name Biographical dictionaries Bibliographies Library catalog Statistical series etc. , etc. . .

Initial sketch for “Context Finding / Building” interface. Insert / block text Ranked lists of suggested resources for each facet chosen Define facet Save search path Save link & notes as “stand-off” markup. Display of search result Oct 2, 2008 Save link & notes as embedded mark-up. SALT 2, Uppsala

Building the functionality of a reference collection. 1. Context finder: Search support from text to reference works. 2. Context builder: Make, retain notes and links to reference works. 3. Context provider: Make reference works better by adding two-way links, e. g. text has links to place name list AND place name list has links to texts. Oct 2, 2008 SALT 2, Uppsala

Scanned text Oct 2, 2008 SALT 2, Uppsala Named Entities

Cursor over a name highlights every mention of that name in the text. Oct 2, 2008 SALT 2, Uppsala

Named entities are linked to specific resources or dynamic searches over relevant databases. Oct 2, 2008 SALT 2, Uppsala

Building the functionality of a reference collection. 1. Context finder: Search support from text to reference works. 2. Context builder: Make, retain notes and links to reference works. 3. Context provider: Make reference works better by adding two-way links, e. g. text has links to place name list AND place name list has links to texts. Oct 2, 2008 SALT 2, Uppsala

Named entities not detected automatically can be added manually. Oct 2, 2008 SALT 2, Uppsala

Initially, named entities are linked to keyword searches at the appropriate name authorities and metadata services. Here we see a number of possible candidates for “Henry V”. Oct 2, 2008 SALT 2, Uppsala

Now that it has been disambiguated, the named entity links directly to the appropriate record. Oct 2, 2008 SALT 2, Uppsala

Oct 2, 2008 SALT 2, Uppsala

Building the functionality of a reference collection. 1. Context finder: Search support from text to reference works. 2. Context builder: Making, retaining notes / links to reference works. 3. Context provider: Enriching reference works by adding reverse links, e. g. place name gazetteer mentions where a place is mentioned in texts. Oct 2, 2008 SALT 2, Uppsala

Edmund Hogan’s Onomasticon Goedelicum : Locorum et Tribuum Hiberniae et Scotiae = An Index, with Identifications, to the Gaelic Names of Places and Tribes If searchable online, one could, when reading an Irish studies text: 1. Search it (Context finder) 2. Markup text with links to it (Context builder); 3. Markup Hogan with reverse links to the Irish studies text (Context provider) – with rich consequences. Oct 2, 2008 SALT 2, Uppsala

Comment: Facet genres include other facets Library subject headings Topic – Geographic subdivision – Chronological subdivision Place name gazetteer Place name – Type – Spatial markers (Lat & long) – When Time Period Directory Period name – Type – Time markers (Calendar) – Where Biographical Dictionary Person – Activity type – Time – Where – Who else Oct 2, 2008 SALT 2, Uppsala

Facet genres with facets realigned. WHAT (LCSH) What X Where When Who X X X WHERE (Place name list) X X X - WHEN (Time period dir. ) X X X - WHO (Biographical dict. ) X X From LCSH “Lighthouses” to NGA Place name list Geographic Description Code “Lthse” (Lighthouse). Place name list give locations of examples. Catalog gives literature about light houses. Vertical mappings extend semantic links to new vocabularies. Horizontal links provide additional context. Oct 2, 2008 SALT 2, Uppsala 22

Importance of inverting the relationship between the part and the whole: -- Indexes are created by inversion -- Union indexes: Tell you which reference work mentions your query, like the Science Citation Index. . . as in Google. Use dynamic links to the latest version of the best resources; and, for vocabulary: Search term recommender systems Oct 2, 2008 SALT 2, Uppsala 23

Paper-based reference collection: Codex determines structure and use. Reference Genre Encyclopedia Atlas, place list Chronology Biogr. Dictionary Vocabulary Topics Places Time Persons Displays Cross-references Maps Timelines Relationships Facet WHAT WHERE WHEN WHO Search interest Reversed in a digital environment: Metadata forms infrastructure. Search interest Facet WHAT WHERE WHEN WHO Vocabulary Topics Places Periods Persons Displays Cross-references Maps Timeline Relationships Reference Genre Encyclopedia Atlas, place list Chronology Biogr. dictionary Better, build a union index, so you know where too look! http: //metadata. berkeley. edu/demos/ Oct 2, 2008 SALT 2, Uppsala 24