THE CULTURE OF GERMANY
German culture began long before the rise of Germany as a nationstate and spanned the entire German-speaking world. From its roots, culture in Germany has been shaped by major intellectual and popular currents in Europe, both religious and secular. The federated states are in charge of the cultural institutions. There are 240 theatres, hundreds of symphonic orchestras, thousands of museums and over 25, 000 libraries spread in Germany.
German is the official and predominant spoken language in Germany. It is one of 23 official languages in the European Union, and one of the three working languages of the European Commission, along with English and French. German dialects are distinguished from varieties of standard German dialects are traditional local varieties. Many of them are not easily understandable to a speaker of standard German. Around the world, German has approximately 100 million native speakers and also about 80 million non-native speakers. German is the main language of about 90 million people (18%) in the EU. 67% of German citizens claim to be able to communicate in at least one foreign language, 27% in at least two languages other than their own. Language
Literature German literature has experienced three periods of established greatness: the high Middle Ages, the turn of the 18 th to the 19 th century (the “age of Goethe”), and the turn of the 19 th to the 20 th. The fairy tales collections collected and published by Jacob and Wilhelm Grimm in the 19 th century became famous throughout the world. Among the most admired German poets and authors are Lessing, Goethe, Schiller, Hoffmann, Brecht, Heine.
The rise of the modern natural sciences and the related decline of religion raised a series of questions, which recur throughout German philosophy, concerning the relationships between knowledge and faith, reason and emotion, and scientific, ethical, and artistic ways of seeing the world. German philosophers have helped shape western philosophy from as early as the Middle Ages (Albertus Magnus). Later, Leibniz (17 th century) and most importantly Kant played central roles in the history of philosophy. Kantianism also inspired the work of Schopenhauer and Nietzsche. In the 21 st century Germany has been an important country for the development of contemporary analytic philosophy in continental Europe, along with France, Austria, Switzerland the Scandinavian countries. Philosophy
Music In the field of music, Germany claims some of the most renowned classical composers of the world including Bach, Mozart and Beethoven, who marked the transition between the Classical and Romantic eras in Western classical music. Other composers of the Austro-German tradition who achieved international fame include Wagner, Schubert, Schumann, Liszt etc. As of 2006, Germany is the fifth largest music market in the world, has exerted a strong influence on techno and rock music, and pioneered trance music. Artists such as Scorpions, Rammstein, Tokio Hotel and Modern Talking have enjoyed international fame.
Science Germany has been the home of many famous inventors and engineers, such as Johannes Gutenberg, who is credited with the invention of movable type printing in Europe; Hans Geiger, the creator of the Geiger counter; and Konrad Zuse, who built the first computer. German inventors, engineers and industrialists such as Zeppelin, Daimler, Diesel, Otto, Wankel, Von Braun and Benz helped shape modern automotive and air transportation technology including the beginnings of space travel. The work of Albert Einstein and Max Planck was crucial to the foundation of modern physics, which Werner Heisenberg and Erwin Schrödinger developed further.
Cuisine German cuisine varies from region to region. The southern regions of Bavaria and Swabia, for instance, share a culinary culture with Switzerland Austria. Pork, beef, and poultry are the main varieties of meat consumed in Germany, with pork being the most popular. Throughout all regions, meat is often eaten in sausage form. More than 1500 different types of sausage are produced in Germany. A popular German saying has the meaning: "Breakfast like an emperor, lunch like a king, and dine like a beggar. " Breakfast is usually a selection of breads and rolls with jam and honey or cold meats and cheese, sometimes accompanied by a boiled egg. Although German wine is becoming more popular in many parts of Germany, the national alcoholic drink is beer. German beer consumption person is declining but—at 116 litres annually—it is still among the highest in the world.
The architecture of Germany has a long, rich history. Every major European style from Roman to Post Modern is demonstrated, including renowned examples of Romanesque, Gothic, Renaissance, Baroque, Classical and Modern architecture.
With its rich cultural heritage and varied landscapes Germany casts a spell over millions if visitors from all over the world every year.
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