The culture of ancient Rome in the era of antiquity Gaptulganiev Ganiyar
The history of Rome began with a small tribal community, settled on the banks of the Tiber, at the end of the 6 th century BC. E. Rome at that time became an aristocratic republic. Republican Period is Time became Tion of Roman culture Ry. According to legend Rome was a projected Born from heaven on Land of the gods.
The population of Rome. The Roman Republic was inhabited by the peoples of Latina and Sabina. The Republic was ruled by seven kings: Romulus, Numa, Pompilius, Tull, Hostilius, Servius Tullius, Tarquinius Proud. Initially, only the patricians belonged to the full-fledged population, another part of the population, standing outside the clan organization, was called a plebeian. As a result of the reform of Servius Tullius (6 th century BC), the plebeians were incorporated into the Roman people.
Economy. The economic basis Early Roman community Was agriculture. Patricia gradually Put the ruling Class-estate Large parcels Land slaves. The plebeians of this time were identified with small and medium landowners and artisans. .
Education In the ancient era of the Romans, the main focus of education was the family. The younger generation was brought up in the spirit of ancestors, unquestioning Subordination of "fathers. Power ". The law Prescribing Severely punished For violation of the parent. Will. The state Nal religion In the same direction as Her adoration of citizens. Military and military virtues Bodies: Discipline, Consent, Piety and etc.
Education The emergence of elementary schools historian Titus Livius refers to the 5 th century. Bc. E. In schools, children were taught free. At home or in schools, children were taught Latin, Greek, writing, reading and numeracy. In Rome, Greek libraries, art objects, etc. were imported. In the 60's, the 2 nd century BC, Bc. E. In Rome there were schools of a higher type: grammar schools and rhetorical schools, which were visited from among the rich people, so the training in these schools was very expensive. In these schools, teenagers were trained for public service. In the 1 st c. BC. E. Such schools have appeared for girls. Rhetoric schools were also widely spread, where young men and women were taught eloquence and oratory.
Ancient ideals of behavior. The Roman Empire demanded from the Roman people military virtues - courage, severe inflexibility, steadfastness, proud dignity, loyalty. Civilian career was unthinkable without military. Roman culture was literally saturated with power and obedience. The cult of power extinguished the manifestations of its own initiative. This also explains the cult of law in Roman culture. Religion among the Romans had a somewhat "legal" connotation. The result was an amazing religious tolerance within the framework of Roman culture. Communication with the gods was reduced to some equivalent exchange. From this grows the idea of equality of Romans before the law.
Architecture and architecture. In the buildings of the ancient Romans, the spirit of utilitarianism, utility, expediency clearly manifests itself. Triumphal arches and The gates were Element A rite of purification After military action Vii. A large The Namely in the imperial era.
Architecture and architecture. Sights of cities The empires were theaters, amphitheatres, Circuses, luxuriously decorated Bathing halls with heating and Swimming pools. In the republican era begins Road construction (the most famous Appian Way). At the same time, bridges and aqueducts are being built. The pride of the Roman Empire was the The Coliseum (about 118 - 125 years. ).
Public buildings in Rome. Part of the city wall of Rome. Griffins (molding).
Historical figures of ancient Rome. Caesar (Bust of the Neapolitan Museum). Octavian Augustus (Rome, Vatican City).
The Roman Emperors Nero Claudius Caesar (37 -68 years). (Rome, Capitoline Museum). Trajan Mark Ulpius (53 -117 years). (Glyptoteka, Munich). Caracalla - (Imperial name of Aurelius 186 -217 years). (Rome, Vatican City). Diocletian Gaius Aurelius Valery (243 -316 gg. ). (Marble bust in the Capitoline Museum, Rome). Constantine the Great (285 -337 gg. ). (Colossal head from the Basilica of Maxentius, Marble, Rome).
The Roman Empire, which managed to unite many small nations almost all over Europe, by the 5 th century AD. Was torn apart by internal contradictions and quarrels. In the end, the endless attack of the barbarians destroyed this powerful empire. It is from the 5 th century that the history of medieval culture begins and the epoch of antiquity ends. It was to the 5 th century that the basic canons of Christianity, ecclesiastical traditions were formed, theological doctrines were adopted at the ecumenical councils. The ancient culture of Ancient Greece and Ancient Rome left behind itself a great cultural heritage, which gave a powerful impetus to the development of the Medieval and subsequent cultures of European states.