3240f1d02cd03e5b73875a7fc6356e5a.ppt
- Количество слайдов: 26
The Cost of Meeting Consumer Demand(s) John Lawrence Extension Livestock Economist and Director, Iowa Beef Center Iowa State University www. iowabeefcenter. org
Increased demand • Increased demand for beef – Grown steadily since 1998 – Consumers pay more for same amount – Quality, convenience, carbs • Increased demand on beef – Moving from “trust me” to “prove it” www. iowabeefcenter. org
Commodity to Product • Commodity world – All beef is beef – Minimum standard to qualify – Low cost producer of the minimum wins – Minimum standard is rising as are costs • Age verification, feed ban signatures, COOL – Grades define various minimums not products www. iowabeefcenter. org
Commodity to Product • Product world – Some beef is different – Differentiated on attributes and brands – Consumers pay more for different • Attributes • Processes • Brands www. iowabeefcenter. org
Certified programs • USDA lists 42 certified beef programs – 25 Angus programs – 3 Hereford programs with breed claim – 4 were process verified or require more than visual inspection • Red Angus feeder cattle • PM Beef • 2 Nolan Ryan branded beef www. iowabeefcenter. org
Differentiated products • Detectable attributes – Marbling – Guaranteed tender – Grass-finished • Credence attributes – Content: nutrients, fatty acids – Process: natural, free-range, non-GMO www. iowabeefcenter. org
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www. iowabeefcenter. org
Standardized Betas for Regression Variables by Choice-Select Spread Ch-Sel Std Dev Spread Net Ret Standardized Coefficients (%) FE HCW FC REA KPH MAR 4. 00 50. 36 -38. 7 49. 3 -9. 3 22. 4 2. 0 43. 3 8. 00 52. 61 -35. 6 44. 4 -8. 2 19. 7 1. 8 54. 7 12. 0058. 00 -31. 8 38. 5 -7. 2 15. 3 1. 8 61. 7 16. 0065. 77 -26. 3 31. 1 -5. 3 12. 9 1. 1 65. 1 www. iowabeefcenter. org
Cow Cost vs. Feedlot Return Low Feedlot Return $ 32. 93 Cow Cost $ 148. 50 High $ $ 168. 43 24. 07 www. iowabeefcenter. org
Willingness to pay • Lusk, guaranteed tender steak – No label: 51% pay $1. 23 premium – Label: 61% $1. 84 premium • Feuz and Umberger, grass v grain fed – On average $1. 61 more for grain-fed – 23% paid $1. 36 premium for grass fed • Loureiro and Umberger, US Certified – Premium for US Certified over no label www. iowabeefcenter. org
Verify label claims • USDA wants definition of terms – Protecting consumers from fraud – Branded product needs to assure compliance with stated claims – Reputation and liability – Cost of enforcement on top of cost to produce special attributes www. iowabeefcenter. org
Meat Standards Australia • MSA Guaranteed Tender – Animal: Age, grain-fed, % Bos Indicus – Slaughter plant: Electrical shock, grading, aging – Retailer: Sale date, cooking – Enforcement and traceback if needed www. iowabeefcenter. org
Retail sector changes • More powerful and demanding retailers – 10 firms with 49% market share – Walmart + Sam’s 17% – House brands and exclusive suppliers – Liability issues – Outsource inspection and compliance www. iowabeefcenter. org
Retail sector changes • European influence – 2 of top 11 US grocers are European – 4 of top 10 world grocers are European • Chain Capitan model – Retailer is in consumer protector role – US consumers still trust USDA for safety – Others are not a trusting of gov’t www. iowabeefcenter. org
European lessons • Chain Capitan model is costly – Safety is competitive issue – Must be audited to sell – Multiple audits – Multiple issues beyond safety • Feed use • Animal rights • Worker safety www. iowabeefcenter. org
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Animal welfare • • Mc. Donalds plant verification FMI and NCCR guidelines SWAP certification TQA certification www. iowabeefcenter. org
Growing demands • • • Widening Choice-Select spread Consolidating retail sector Brands with claims and liabilities Consumers looking for choice Rising commodity standards www. iowabeefcenter. org
Victim or Opportunist • Most under manager’s control • Some changes require production response (genetics, nutrition) • Some changes require management response www. iowabeefcenter. org
Quality management systems • A producer directed management system to assure that the producer – Capable of meeting the requirements – Document that requirements are met – Information to evaluate production and marketing opportunities when they arise. www. iowabeefcenter. org
Quality management systems • Various models available ranging in complexity, cost, and flexibility • 3 rd party verification to have value • Examples include – ISO 9000: 2000 – USDA Process Verified – ISO 14001 www. iowabeefcenter. org
Quality management systems • Cost associated with developing management system, audits, and certification • Benefits include – Market flexibility – Better management – Lower costs www. iowabeefcenter. org
Cost of not meeting demands • Commodity market will continue – The minimum will continue to rise • Missed opportunities if you are not eligible for value added markets • May lose to pork or poultry, and some beef producers will lose to other beef producers www. iowabeefcenter. org
Thank You Are there any questions? www. iowabeefcenter. org